QUDT Quantity Kind Vocabulary Version 3.2.0
The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water: if its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquid's density relative to that of water (also known as specific gravity). It is used to compare densities of petroleum liquids. For example, if one petroleum liquid is less dense than another, it has a greater API gravity. Although API gravity is mathematically a dimensionless quantity (see the formula below), it is referred to as being in 'degrees'. API gravity is graduated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument. API gravity values of most petroleum liquids fall between 10 and 70 degrees.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:APIGravity
API Gravity
The "Absolute Activity" is the exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to $RT$ where $R$ is the gas constant and $T$ the thermodynamic temperature.
$\lambda_B = e^{\frac{\mu_B}{RT}}$, where $\mu_B$ is the chemical potential of substance $B$, $R$ is the molar gas constant, and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AbsoluteActivity
Absolute Activity
$\textit{Absolute Humidity}$ is an amount of water vapour, usually discussed per unit volume. Absolute humidity in air ranges from zero to roughly 30 grams per cubic meter when the air is saturated at $30 ^\circ C$. The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes. $$$$ This is very inconvenient for chemical engineering calculations, e.g. for clothes dryers, where temperature can vary considerably. As a result, absolute humidity is generally defined in chemical engineering as mass of water vapour per unit mass of dry air, also known as the mass mixing ratio, which is much more rigorous for heat and mass balance calculations. $$$$ Mass of water per unit volume as in the equation above would then be defined as volumetric humidity, because of the potential confusion.
$AH = \frac{\mathcal{M}_\omega}{\vee_{net}}$, where $\mathcal{M}_\omega$ is the mass of water vapour per unit volume of total air and $\vee_{net}$ is water vapour mixture.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Density
Absolute Humidity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Length
"Absorbed Dose" (also known as Total Ionizing Dose, TID) is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation. It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, and so has the unit $J/kg$, which is given the special name Gray ($Gy$).
$D = \frac{d\bar{\varepsilon}}{dm}$, where $d\bar{\varepsilon}$ is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to an element of irradiated matter with the mass $dm$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AbsorbedDose
Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose. The risk of stoctic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the effective dose, which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related unit, the Sievert is used.
Absorbed Dose
"Absorbed Dose Rate" is the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation imparted at a given location per unit of time (second, minute, hour, or day).
$\dot{D} = \frac{dD}{dt}$, where $dD$ is the increment of absorbed dose during time interval with duration $dt$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AbsorbedDoseRate
Absorbed Dose Rate
Absorptance is the ratio of the radiation absorbed by a surface to that incident upon it. Also known as absorbance.
$\alpha = \frac{\Phi_a}{\Phi_m}$, where $\Phi_a$ is the absorbed radiant flux or the absorbed luminous flux, and $\Phi_m$ is the radiant flux or luminous flux of the incident radiation.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Absorptance
Absorptance
$\textit{Acceleration}$ is the (instantaneous) rate of change of velocity. Acceleration may be either linear acceleration, or angular acceleration. It is a vector quantity with dimension $length/time^{2}$ for linear acceleration, or in the case of angular acceleration, with dimension $angle/time^{2}$. $$$$ In SI units, linear acceleration is measured in $meters/second^{2}$ ($m \cdot s^{-2}$), and angular acceleration is measured in $radians/second^{2}$. $$$$ In physics, any increase or decrease in speed is referred to as acceleration and similarly, motion in a circle at constant speed is also an acceleration, since the direction component of the velocity is changing.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Acceleration
Beschleunigung
Pecutan
Zrychlení
acceleratio
acceleration
accelerazione
accelerație
accélération
aceleración
aceleração
ivme
pospešek
przyspieszenie
Όγκος
Ускоре́ние
التسارع
شتاب
त्वरण
加速度
The acceleration of freely falling bodies under the influence of terrestrial gravity, equal to approximately 9.81 meters (32 feet) per second per second.
Acceleration Of Gravity
"Acceptor Density" is the number per volume of acceptor levels.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NumberDensity
Acceptor Density
"Acceptor Ionization Energy" is the ionization energy of an acceptor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Energy
Acceptor Ionization Energy
Chemicals or substances having a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic; lower pH means higher acidity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Acidity
Acidity
$\textit{Acoustic Impedance}$ at a surface is the complex quotient of the average sound pressure over that surface by the sound volume flow rate through that surface.
$Z_a= \frac{p}{q} = \frac{p}{vS}$, where $p$ is the sound pressure, $q$ is the sound volume velocity, $v$ is sound particle velocity, and $S$ is the surface area through which an acoustic wave of frequence $f$ propagates.
Acoustic impedance at a surface is the complex quotient of the average sound pressure over that surface by the sound volume flow rate through that surface.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AcousticImpedance
Acoustic Impediance
An action is usually an integral over time. But for action pertaining to fields, it may be integrated over spatial variables as well. In some cases, the action is integrated along the path followed by the physical system. $$$$ The evolution of a physical system between two states is determined by requiring the action be minimized or, more generally, be stationary for small perturbations about the true evolution. This requirement leads to differential equations that describe the true evolution. Conversely, an action principle is a method for reformulating differential equations of motion for a physical system as an equivalent integral equation. Although several variants have been defined (see below), the most commonly used action principle is Hamilton's principle.
$S = \int Ldt$, where $L$ is the Lagrange function and $t$ is time.
An action is usually an integral over time. But for action pertaining to fields, it may be integrated over spatial variables as well. In some cases, the action is integrated along the path followed by the physical system. If the action is represented as an integral over time, taken a the path of the system between the initial time and the final time of the development of the system. The evolution of a physical system between two states is determined by requiring the action be minimized or, more generally, be stationary for small perturbations about the true evolution. This requirement leads to differential equations that describe the true evolution. Conversely, an action principle is a method for reformulating differential equations of motion for a physical system as an equivalent integral equation. Although several variants have been defined (see below), the most commonly used action principle is Hamilton's principle.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Action
Action
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Time
Action Time
$\textit{Active Energy}$ is the electrical energy transformable into some other form of energy.
$W = \int_{t_1}^{t_2} p dt$, where $p$ is instantaneous power and the integral interval is the time interval from $t_1$ to $t_2$.
"Active Energy" is the electrical energy transformable into some other form of energy.
Active Energy
An $Active Power$ is, under periodic conditions, the mean value, taken over one period $T$, of the instantaneous power $p$. In complex notation, $P = \mathbf{Re} \; \underline{S}$, where $\underline{S}$ is $\textit{complex power}$.
$P = \frac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T} pdt$, where $T$ is the period and $p$ is instantaneous power.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricPower
Active Power
$\textit{Activity}$ is the number of decays per unit time of a radioactive sample, the term used to characterise the number of nuclei which disintegrate in a radioactive substance per unit time. Activity is usually measured in Becquerels ($Bq$), where 1 $Bq$ is 1 disintegration per second, in honor of the scientist Henri Becquerel.
Variation $dN$ of number of nuclei $N$ in a particular energy state, in a sample of a radionuclide, due to spontaneous nuclear transitions from this state during an infinitesimal time interval, divided by its duration $dt$; thus: activity $A = -\frac{dN}{dt}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Activity
Activity
An "Activity Coefficient" is a factor used in thermodynamics to account for deviations from ideal behaviour in a mixture of chemical substances. In an ideal mixture, the interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or more formally, the enthalpy change of solution is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures can be expressed directly in terms of simple concentrations or partial pressures of the substances present e.g. Raoult's law. Deviations from ideality are accommodated by modifying the concentration by an activity coefficient.
$f_B = \frac{\lambda_B}{(\lambda_B^*x_B)}$, where $\lambda_B$ the absolute activity of substance $B$, $\lambda_B^*$ is the absolute activity of the pure substance $B$ at the same temperature and pressure, and $x_B$ is the amount-of-substance fraction of substance $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ActivityCoefficient
Activity Coefficient
The "Activity Concentration", also known as volume activity, and activity density, is the ratio of the activity of a sample containing radionuclides and the sample's volume.
$c_A = \frac{A}{V}$, where $A$ is the activity of a sample and $V$ is its volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ActivityConcentration
Activity Concentration
$\textit{Activity Related By Mass}$ is quantitative data of the radioactivity of the amount of a radionuclide in a particular state of energy at a defined point in time, divided by the related mass of this quantity.
quantitative Angabe der Radioaktivität einer Menge eines Radionuklids in einem bestimmten Energiezustand zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt dividiert durch die zugehörige Masse dieser Menge
quantitative data of the radioactivity of the amount of a radionuclide in a particular state of energy at a defined point in time, divided by the related mass of this quantity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassicActivity
activity related by mass
"Activity Thresholds" are thresholds of sensitivity for radioactivity.
Activity Thresholds
"Adaptation" is the recovery of visual ability following exposure to light (dark adaptation), usually measured in units of time.
"Adaptation" is the recovery of visual ability following exposure to light (dark adaptation).
Adaptation
"Admittance" is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the inverse of the impedance ($Z$).
$Y = \frac{1}{Z}$, where $Z$ is impedance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Admittance
Admittance
The "Alpha Disintegration Energy" is the sum of the kinetic energy of the $\alpha$-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
The "Alpha Disintegration Energy" is the sum of the kinetic energy of the alpha-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
Alpha Disintegration Energy
Altitude or height is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, and more). As a general definition, altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The reference datum also often varies according to the context. [Wikipedia]
Altitude
The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, which comes into contact with the object. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), which is a very small unit relative to atmospheric pressure on Earth, so kilopascals ($kPa$) are more commonly used in this context.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ForcePerArea
Ambient Pressure
The amount of the celestial dome covered by all clouds visible.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AmountOfCloudCover
Amount of cloud cover
$\textit{Amount of Substance}$ is a standards-defined quantity that measures the size of an ensemble of elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, and other particles. It is sometimes referred to as chemical amount. The International System of Units (SI) defines the amount of substance to be proportional to the number of elementary entities present. The SI unit for amount of substance is mole. It has the unit symbol $mol$. The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains an equal number of elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012kg of the isotope carbon-12. This number is called Avogadro's number and has the value $6.02214179(30) \times 10^{23}$. The only other unit of amount of substance in current use is the $pound-mole$ with the symbol $lb-mol$, which is sometimes used in chemical engineering in the United States. One $pound-mole$ is exactly $453.59237 mol$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AmountOfSubstance
Jumlah bahan
Látkové množství
Stoffmenge
amount of substance
anyagmennyiség
cantidad de sustancia
cantitate de substanță
liczność materii
madde miktarı
množina snovi
quantidade de substância
quantitas substantiae
quantità di sostanza
quantité de matière
Ποσότητα Ουσίας
Количество вещества
Количество вещество
כמות חומר
كمية المادة
مقدار ماده
पदार्थ की मात्रा
物質量
物质的量
chemical amount
jumlah kimia
quantità chimica
quantità di materia
"Amount of Substance of Concentration" is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
$C_B = \frac{n_B}{V}$, where $n_B$ is the amount of substance $B$ and $V$ is the volume.
"Amount of Substance of Concentration of B" is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Concentration
Amount of Substance of Concentration
"Fractional Amount of Substance" is defined as tthe amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
$x_B = \frac{n_B}{n}$, where $n_B$ is the amount of substance $B$ and $n$ is the total amount of substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceFraction
Fractional Amount of Substance
"Amount of Substance Ion Concentration" is the moles of ions per volume of solution.
Amount of Substance Ion Concentration
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerMass
Amount of Substance per Mass
The "Variation of Molar Mass" of a gas as a function of pressure.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerMassPressure
Molar Mass variation due to Pressure
The amount of substance per volume is called the molar density. Molar density is an intensive property of a substance and depends on the temperature and pressure.
The amount of substance per unit volume is called the molar density. Molar density is an intensive property of a substance and depends on the temperature and pressure.
Amount of Substance per Volume
The abstract notion of angle. Narrow concepts include plane angle and solid angle. While both plane angle and solid angle are dimensionless, they are actually length/length and area/area respectively.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Angle
Angle
Angle of attack is the angle between the oncoming air or relative wind and a reference line on the airplane or wing.
Angle Of Attack
The "Angle of Optical Rotation" is the angle through which plane-polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium.
Angle of Optical Rotation
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. Measurement of the change made in the rate of change of an angle that a spinning object undergoes per unit time. It is a vector quantity. Also called Rotational acceleration. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared ($rad/s^2$), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularAcceleration
Accelerație unghiulară
Açısal ivme
Pecutan bersudut
Przyspieszenie kątowe
Winkelbeschleunigung
accelerazione angolare
accélération angulaire
aceleración angular
aceleração angular
angular acceleration
Úhlové zrychlení
Угловое ускорение
تسارع زاوي
شتاب زاویه‌ای
कोणीय त्वरण
角加速度
"Angular Cross-section" is the cross-section for ejecting or scattering a particle into an elementary cone, divided by the solid angle $d\Omega$ of that cone.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularCrossSection
Angular Cross-section
Angular distance travelled by orbiting vehicle measured from the azimuth of closest approach.
Angular Distance
"Angular frequency", symbol $\omega$ (also referred to by the terms angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance) is a scalar measure of rotation rate. Angular frequency (or angular speed) is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity.
$\omega = 2\pi f$, where $f$ is frequency.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularFrequency
Kreisfrequenz
Pulsación
angular frequency
frequenza angolare
frequência angular
pulsación
pulsacja
تردد زاوى
角振動数
角频率
Pulsatanzpulsation
pulsatance
pulsazione
pulsação
نابض
角周波数
角速度
The Angular Impulse, also known as angular momentum, is the moment of linear momentum around a point. It is defined as$H = \int Mdt$, where $M$ is the moment of force and $t$ is time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularImpulse
Drehstoß
angular impulse
impulsion angulaire
impulso angolare
impulso angular
impulsão angular
popęd kątowy
نبضة دفعية زاوية
角冲量;冲量矩
角力積
Drehmomentstoß
$\textit{Angular Momentum}$, $\textit{Moment of Momentum}$, or $\textit{Rotational Momentum}$, is a vector quantity that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis. The $\textit{Angular Momentum}$ of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars.
$L = I\omega$, where $I$ is the moment of inertia, and $\omega$ is the angular velocity.
Angular Momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars. $\textit{Angular Momentum}$, $\textit{Moment of Momentum}, or $\textit{Rotational Momentum", is a vector quantity that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularMomentum
Angular Momentum
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularMomentumPerAngle
Angular Momentum per Angle
"Angular Reciprocal Lattice Vector" is a vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of $2\pi$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
Angular Reciprocal Lattice Vector
Angular Velocity refers to how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point.
The change of angle per unit time; specifically, in celestial mechanics, the change in angle of the radius vector per unit time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularVelocity
Açısal hız
Halaju bersudut
Prędkość kątowa
Viteză unghiulară
Winkelgeschwindigkeit
angular velocity
kotna hitrost
velocidad angular
velocidade angular
velocità angolare
vitesse angulaire
Úhlová rychlost
Угловая скорость
سرعة زاوية
سرعت زاویه‌ای
कोणीय वेग
angular speed
kelajuan bersudut
"wavenumber" is the spatial frequency of a wave - the number of waves that exist over a specified distance. More formally, it is the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector.
$k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}= \frac{2\pi\upsilon}{\upsilon_p}=\frac{\omega}{\upsilon_p}$, where $\upsilon$ is the frequency of the wave, $\lambda$ is the wavelength, $\omega = 2\pi \upsilon$ is the angular frequency of the wave, and $\upsilon_p$ is the phase velocity of the wave. Alternatively: $k = \frac{p}{\hbar}$, where $p$ is the linear momentum of quasi free electrons in an electron gas and $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant ($h$ divided by $2\pi$); for phonons, its magnitude is $k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}$, where $\lambda$ is the wavelength of the lattice vibrations.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AngularWavenumber
Kreisrepetenz
angular wavenumber
liczba falowa kątowa
nombre d'onde angulaire
numero d'onda angolare
número de onda angular
عدد موجى زاوى
角波数
Kreiswellenzahl
angular repetency
repetencja kątowa
repetência angular
répétence angulaire
تكرار زاوى
Apogee Radius
"Apparent Power" is the product of the rms voltage $U$ between the terminals of a two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the rms electric current I in the element or circuit. Under sinusoidal conditions, the apparent power is the modulus of the complex power.
$\left | \underline{S} \right | = UI$, where $U$ is rms value of voltage and $I$ is rms value of electric current.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ApparentPower
Scheinleistung
apparent power
moc pozorna
potencia aparente
potenza apparente
potência aparente
puissance apparente
القدرة الظاهرية
皮相電力
视在功率
表观功率
Thermal inertia is a term used to describe the observed delays in a body's temperature response during heat transfers
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ApparentThermalInertia
Measurement Unit for a quantity approximately proportional to Thermal Inertia
Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Area
Fläche
Keluasan
aire
alan
area
arie
plocha
pole powierzchni
površina
área
Ταχύτητα
Площ
Площадь
שטח
مساحة
مساحت
क्षेत्रफल
面积
面積
superficie
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaAngle
Area Angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaBitDensity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargePerArea
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassPerArea
Measure used to indicate the surface area of structural steel per unit length of the steel part.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaPerLength
Fläche pro Längeneinheit
area per length
The ratio of an area and the power required for maintaining room temperature at a given level
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaPerPower
Fläche pro Heizlast
area per heating load
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaPerTime
Area per Time
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaRatio
Area Ratio
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaTemperature
Area Temperature
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaThermalExpansion
Area Thermal Expansion
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaTime
Area Time
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AreaTimeTemperature
Area Time Temperature
charge Q presented on an area of size A divided by the area A or vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant (permittivity) ε₀
auf einer Fläche mit dem Flächeninhalt A vorhandenen Ladung Q dividiert durch den Flächeninhalt A oder vektorielle Größe, die für einen gegebenen Punkt gleich der Summe der elektrischen Polarisation P und des Produkts aus der elektrischen Feldstärke E und der elektrischen Feldkonstante (Permittivität) ε₀ ist oder räumliche Dichte des elektrischen Moments molekularer Dipole
areic charge density or electric flux density or electric polarization
volume of data, which is usually dependent on the respective complexity of the information or its coding procedure, divided by the related area
Anzahl von Daten, die in der Regel abhängig von der jeweiligen Komplexität der Information oder deren Codierungsverfahren ist, dividiert durch die zugehörige Fläche
areic data volume
energy in a defined direction of propagation through a surface perpendicular to this, divided by its area
Leistung in festgelegter Ausbreitungsrichtung durch ein dazu senkrechtes Oberflächenelement, dividiert durch dessen Fläche
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerPerArea
areic energy flow
$\varphi = \frac{\Phi}{A}$, where $\Phi$ is heat flow rate and $A$ is area.
Aeric Heat Flow Rate
mass divided by the related area
Masse dividiert durch die zugehörige Fläche
areic mass
ratio of a torque acting on a surface and causing a rotation or shearing divided by this area
Quotient aus dem auf eine Fläche wirkenden, eine Verdrehung bzw. Abscherung verursachenden Drehmoment dividiert durch diese Fläche
areic torque
An Asset is an economic resource owned by a business or company. Simply stated, assets are things of value that can be readily converted into cash (although cash itself is also considered an asset).
Asset
A second order reaction rate constant that is a specific second order reaction rate constant that governs the kinetics of an atmospheric, gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radicals and an organic chemical.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AtmosphericHydroxylationRate
Atmospheric Hydroxylation Rate
The pressure exerted by the weight of the air above it at any point on the earth's surface. At sea level the atmosphere will support a column of mercury about $760 mm$ high. This decreases with increasing altitude. The standard value for the atmospheric pressure at sea level in SI units is $101,325 pascals$.
Atmospheric Pressure
"Atom Scattering Factor" is measure of the scattering power of an isolated atom.
$f = \frac{E_a}{E_e}$, where $E_a$ is the radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and $E_e$ is the radiation ampliture scattered by a single electron.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AtomScatteringFactor
Atom Scattering Factor
"Atomic Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per the number of atoms in the substance.
$\mu_a = -\frac{\mu}{n}$, where $\mu$ is the linear attenuation coefficient and $n$ is the number density of the atoms in the substance.
Atomic Attenuation Coefficient
The electric charge of an ion, equal to the number of electrons the atom has gained or lost in its ionization multiplied by the charge on one electron.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCharge
Atomic Charge
scalar quantity of elementary particles which is retained within a system following any change and, as saved energy, constitutes the capability of a physical system to carry out work
skalare Größe von Elementarteilchen, die bei beliebiger Umwandlung innerhalb eines Systems erhalten bleibt und als gespeichertes Arbeitsvermögen die Fähigkeit eines physikalischen Systems darstellt, Arbeit zu verrichten
atomic energy
The "Atomic Mass" is the mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Mass
Atomic Mass
The "Atomic Number", also known as the proton number, is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. A nuclide is a species of atom with specified numbers of protons and neutrons. Nuclides with the same value of Z but different values of N are called isotopes of an element. The ordinal number of an element in the periodic table is equal to the atomic number. The atomic number equals the charge of the nucleus in units of the elementary charge.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AtomicNumber
Atomic Number
ratio of the linear stopping power to the number density of the atoms in the medium
Quotient aus dem linearen Bremsvermögen und der Anzahldichte der Atome in dem Medium
atomic stopping power
The attenuation coefficient is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A large attenuation coefficient means that the beam is quickly "attenuated" (weakened) as it passes through the medium, and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively transparent to the beam. The Attenuation Coefficient is also called linear attenuation coefficient, narrow beam attenuation coefficient, or absorption coefficient.
$F(x) = Ae^{-\alpha x} \cos{[\beta (x - x_0)]}$, then $\alpha$ is the attenuation coefficient and $\beta$ is the phase coefficient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AttenuationCoefficient
Attenuation Coefficient
"Auditory Thresholds" is the thresholds of sensitivity to auditory signals and other input to the ear or the sense of hearing.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundPowerLevel
Auditory Thresholds
Magnetic Fields surround magnetic materials and electric currents and are detected by the force they exert on other magnetic materials and moving electric charges. The electric and magnetic fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the electromagnetic field. A pure electric field in one reference frame is observed as a combination of both an electric field and a magnetic field in a moving reference frame. The Auxillary Magnetic Field, H characterizes how the true Magnetic Field B influences the organization of magnetic dipoles in a given medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticFieldStrength
Auxillary Magnetic Field
"Average Energy Loss per Elementary Charge Produced" is also referred to as average energy loss per ion pair formed.
$W_i = \frac{E_k}{N_i}$, where $E_k$ is the initial kinetic energy of an ionizing charged particle and $N_i$ is the total ionization produced by that particle.
Average Energy Loss per Elementary Charge Produced
Average Head End Pressure
"Average Logarithmic Energy Decrement" is a measure of the amount of energy a neutron loses upon colliding with various nuclei. It is the average value of the increase in lethargy in elastic collisions between neutrons and nuclei whose kinetic energy is negligible compared with that of the neutrons.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
Average Logarithmic Energy Decrement
Average Specific Impulse
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Force
Average Vacuum Thrust
The horizontal angle between an object's orientation frame and a cardinal direction, generally north. In the context of architecture, this would refer to the direction a structure faces relative to the direction north.
The horizontal angle between an object and a cardinal direction, generally north. In the context of architecture, this would refer to the direction a structure faces relative to the direction north.
Azimuth
parameter of transmission media for determination of frequency and length restrictions as reciprocal value of the multimode distortion corresponding to the product of maximum pulse frequency and maximum transmission distance
Parameter von Übertragungsmedien zur Bestimmung der Frequenz- und Längenrestriktionen als reziproke Wert der Modendispersion entsprechend dem Produkt aus maximaler Impulsfrequenz mal maximaler Übertragungsstrecke
bandwidth length product
Chemicals or substances having a $pH$ higher than 7 are said to be basic; higher $pH$ means higher basicity.
Chemicals or substances having a pH higher than 7 are said to be basic; higher pH means higher basicity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Basicity
Basicity
quantity of electricity or electrical charge which a fully charged battery can supply under specified conditions as a product of discharge current and discharge time
Elektrizitätsmenge oder elektrische Ladung, die eine vollgeladenen Batterie unter festgelegten Bedingungen abgeben kann als Produkt aus Entladestrom und Entladezeit
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BatteryCapacity
battery capacity
A bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the element bends. It is the component of moment of force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a beam or a shaft.
$M_b = M \cdot e_Q$, where $M$ is the momentof force and $e_Q$ is a unit vector directed along a $Q-axis$ with respect to which the torque is considered.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Torque
Bending Moment of Force
"Beta Disintegration Energy" is the energy released by a beta particle radioactive decay. It is the sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
Beta Disintegration Energy
Pitch angle in bevel gears is the angle between an element of a pitch cone and its axis. In external and internal bevel gears, the pitch angles are respectively less than and greater than 90 degrees.
Bevel Gear Pitch Angle
ratio of the median information content divided by the expected value for the duration of a character, expressed as a logarithm to base 2
Quotient mittlerer Informationsgehalt durch den Erwartungswert für die Dauer eines Zeichens, ausgedrückt als Logarithmus zur Basis 2
median information flow (from a source of information), expressed as a binary logarithm
The "Binding Fraction" is the ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
$b = \frac{B_r}{A}$, where $B_r$ is the relative mass defect and $A$ is the nucleon number.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BindingFraction
Binding Fraction
The bioconcentration factor is the ratio of the concentration of a chemical substance in biota over the concentration of the same chemical substance in water. It is related to the octanol-water partition coefficient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BioconcentrationFactor
Bioconcentration Factor
A time that quantifies how long it takes to reduce a substance's concentration by 50% from any concentration point in time in a water or soil environment by either bacteria or another living organism.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BiodegredationHalfLife
Biodegredation Half Life
the rate at which a specific chemical element or compound is processed or transformed, as amount per unit mass of the relevant material Unreduced, SI unit is mole * kg-1 * s-1
the rate at which a specific chemical element or compound is processed or transformed, as amount per unit mass of the relevant material. Unreduced, SI unit is mole * kg-1 * s-1
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BiogeochemicalRate
Biogeochemical Rate
name for a particular quantity of data on the basis of the binary digit "Bit" (basic indissoluble information unit) which can only assume a state of 1 or 0
Bezeichnung für eine bestimmte Anzahl von Daten auf Basis der Binärziffer Bit (en: Basic Indissoluble Information Unit, dt: kleinstmögliche Informationseinheit), welche nur den Zustand 1 oder 0 annehmen kann
bit data volume
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BitRate
speed with which one bit will be transmitted per second
Geschwindigkeit, mit der Binärzeichen übertragen werden
bit transmission rate
Blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and animals. Glucose is a simple sugar and approximately 4 grams of glucose are present in the blood of humans at all times. Stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen, the body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. During fasting blood glucose is maintained at a constant level at the expense of the glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle. There are two main methods of describing concentrations: by weight, and by molecular count. Weights are in grams and molecular counts in moles. A mole is $6.022\times 10^{23}$ molecules. In both cases, the unit is usually modified by $milli-$ or $micro-$ or other prefix, and is always $per$ some volume, often a litre. Conversion factors depend on the molecular weight of the substance in question. $mmol/L$ is millimoles/liter, and is the world standard unit for measuring glucose in blood. Specifically, it is the designated SI (Systeme International) unit. Some countries use $mg/dl$. A mole is about $6\times 10^{23}$ molecules. $mg/dL$ (milligrams/deciliter) is the traditional unit for measuring $bG$ (blood glucose). There is a trend toward using $mmol/L$ however $mg/dL$ is much in practice. Some use is made of $mmol/L$ as the primary unit with $mg/dL$ quoted in parentheses. This acknowledges the large base of health care providers, researchers and patients who are already familiar with $mg/dL$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BloodGlucoseLevel
Blood Glucose Level
Blood Glucose Level by Mass
$\textit{Body Mass Index}$, BMI, is an index of weight for height, calculated as: $BMI = \frac{M_{body}}{H^2}$, where $M_{body}$ is body mass in kg, and $H$ is height in metres. The BMI has been used as a guideline for defining whether a person is overweight because it minimizes the effect of height, but it does not take into consideration other important factors, such as age and body build. The BMI has also been used as an indicator of obesity on the assumption that the higher the index, the greater the level of body fat.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BodyMassIndex
Body Mass Index
A temperature that is the one at which a substance will change its physical state from a liquid to a gas. It is also the temperature where the liquid and gaseous forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BoilingPoint
Boiling Point Temperature
"Bragg Angle" describes the condition for a plane wave to be diffracted from a family of lattice planes, the angle between the wavevector of the incident plane wave, and the lattice planes.
Bragg Angle
"Breadth" is the extent or measure of how broad or wide something is.
Breite
ancho
breadth
genişliği
largeur
larghezza
largura
lebar
szerokość
širina
šířka
ширина
العرض
عرض
寬度
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Dimensionless
Buckling Factor
The bulk modulus of a substance measures the substance's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume.
$K = \frac{p}{\vartheta}$, where $p$ is pressure and $\vartheta$ is volume strain.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BulkModulus
Bulk Modulus
"Burgers Vector" is the vector characterizing a dislocation, i.e. the closing vector in a Burgers circuit encircling a dislocation line.
Burgers Vector
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Velocity
Burn Rate
Burn Time
bursting pressure divided by areic mass
Quotient Berstdruck dividiert durch die flächenbezogene Masse
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:BurstFactor
burst factor
particular quantity of data based on a string consisting of 8 bits
Anzahl von Daten auf Basis einer Zeichenfolge, die aus je 8 Bit besteht
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Count
byte data volume
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ByteRate
speed with which 8 bits are transmitted
Geschwindigkeit, mit der 8 Binärzeichen übertragen werden
byte transmission rate
Center of Gravity in the X axis
Center of Gravity in the Y axis
Center of Gravity in the Z axis
The point at which the distributed mass of a composite body can be acted upon by a force without inducing any rotation of the composite body.
Center of Mass (CoM)
The CO2 equivalent is a measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases on the basis of their global-warming potential (GWP), by converting amounts of other gases to the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide with the same global warming potential.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CO2Equivalent
Contractual mass requirement of a delivered item. Note that The term 'control mass' is sometimes utilized as a limit in lieu of CEI mass when a CEI mass does not exist. The term 'Interface Control Document Mass' is another alternative for specifying a contractual mass requirement.
Contract End Item (CEI) Specification Mass.
The upper design gross mass limit of a system at a specified mission event against which margins are calculated after accounting for basic masses of flight hardware, MGA, and uncertainties. It may include propellants, crew, and cargo.
Control Mass.
A "Canonical Partition Function" applies to a canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and number of particles.
$Z = \sum_r e^{-\frac{E_r}{kT}}$, where the sum is over all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, external fields, and content, $E_r$ is the energy in the $rth$ quantum state, $k$ is the Boltzmann constant, and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CanonicalPartitionFunction
Canonical Partition Function
"Capacitance" is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge; it is quantified as the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential. Capacitance is a scalar-valued quantity.
$C = Q/U$, where $Q$ is electric charge and $V$ is voltage.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Capacitance
Capacitance
In computer operations, (a) the largest quantity which can be stored, processed, or transferred; (b) the largest number of digits or characters which may regularly be processed; (c) the upper and lower limits of the quantities which may be processed. In other contexts, the amount of material that can be stored, such as fuel or food.
Capacity
"Carrier LifetIme" is a time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors.
Carrier LifetIme
"Area" is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane.
$A = \int\int dxdy$, where $x$ and $y$ are cartesian coordinates.
Cartesian Area
"Cartesian Coordinates" specify each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances from the point to two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.
Cartesian coordinates
Kartézská soustava souřadnic
Koordiant Kartesius
coordenadas cartesianas
coordinate cartesiane
coordonnées cartésiennes
kartesische Koordinaten
kartezyen koordinatları
مختصات دکارتی
直角坐标系
Kartézské souřadnice
"Volume" is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
$V = \int\int\int dxdydz$, where $x$, $y$, and $z$ are cartesian coordinates.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Volume
Isipadu
Objem
Volumen
hacim
objętość
prostornina
volum
volume
volumen
Επιτάχυνση
Обем
Объём
נפח
حجم
आयतन
体积
体積
An index of the actual or potential activity of a catalyst. The catalytic activity of an enzyme or an enzyme-containing preparation is defined as the property measured by the increase in the rate of conversion of a specified chemical reaction that the enzyme produces in a specified assay system. Catalytic activity is an extensive quantity and is a property of the enzyme, not of the reaction mixture; it is thus conceptually different from rate of conversion although measured by and equidimensional with it. The unit for catalytic activity is the $katal$; it may also be expressed in mol $s^{-1}$. Dimensions: $N T^{-1}$. Former terms such as catalytic ability, catalytic amount, and enzymic activity are no er recommended. Derived quantities are molar catalytic activity, specific catalytic activity, and catalytic activity concentration. Source(s): www.answers.com
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CatalyticActivity
Catalytic Activity
The catalytic activity of an enzyme per unit volume, where volume refers to that of the original enzyme‐containing preparation, not that of the assay system. It may be expressed in katals per litre.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CatalyticActivityConcentration
Catalytic Activity Concentration
The amount of positive ionic charge (in moles or charge or equivalents) that a solid material can exchange per unit mass. Widely used for soils and other materials with cation-exchange sites.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReactiveChargePerMass
Cation Exchange Capacity
"Celsius Temperature", the thermodynamic temperature T_0, is exactly 0.01 kelvin below the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
"Celsius Temperature", the thermodynamic temperature $T_0$, is exactly $0.01$kelvin below the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. $t = T - T_0$, where $T$ is Thermodynamic Temperature and $T_0 = 273.15 K$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Temperature
Celsius sıcaklık
Celsius temperature
Celsius-Temperatur
Suhu Celsius
temperatura Celsius
temperatura celsius
temperatura
temperatură Celsius
température Celsius
teplota
Температура Цельсия
צלזיוס
درجة الحرارة المئوية أو السيلسيوس
دمای سلسیوس/سانتیگراد
सेल्सियस तापमान
温度
Characteristic impedance at a point in a non-dissipative medium and for a plane progressive wave, the quotient of the sound pressure $p$ by the component of the sound particle velocity $v$ in the direction of the wave propagation.
$Z_c = pc$, where $p$ is the sound pressure and $c$ is the phase speed of sound.
Characteristic Acoustic Impedance
quantity of dimension one (as a result of measuring technology theory) which clarifies facts, states or developments and is used as a scale e.g. to represent causes and effects of events
Größe der Dimension 1 (als Ergebnis der metrisierenden Messtheorie), die Sachverhalte, Zustände oder Entwicklungen verdeutlicht und als Maßstab dient, um z. B. Ursache und Wirkung von Vorgängen in kausalem Zusammenhang darzustellen
characteristic number
Characteristic velocity or $c^{*}$ is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket engine independent of nozzle performance, and is used to compare different propellants and propulsion systems.
Characteristic Velocity
The "Charge Number", or just valance of an ion is the coefficient that, when multiplied by the elementary charge, gives the ion's charge.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ChargeNumber
Charge Number
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, "Chemical Affinity" is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds. Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency of an atom or compound to combine by chemical reaction with atoms or compounds of unlike composition.
$A = -\sum \nu_b\mu_B$, where $\nu_b$ is the stoichiometric number of substance $B$ and $\mu_B$ is the chemical potential of substance $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ChemicalAffinity
Chemical Affinity
In the context of a chemical durability test, this is measure of how much of a solution (often a corrosive or reactive one) is consumed or used up per unit mass of a material being tested. In other words, this the volume of solution needed to cause a certain level of chemical reaction or damage to a given mass of the material.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificVolume
Chemical Consumption per Mass
"Chemical Potential", also known as partial molar free energy, is a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction.
$\mu_B = (\frac{\partial G}{\partial n_B})_{T,p,n_i}$, where $G$ is Gibbs energy, and $n_B$ is the amount of substance $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarEnergy
Chemický potenciál
Keupayaan kimia
Potencjał chemiczny
Potențial chimic
chemical potential
chemisches Potential des Stoffs B
kimyasal potansiyel
potencial químico
potential chimique
potenziale chimico
Химический потенциал
جهد كيميائي
پتانسیل شیمیایی
化学ポテンシャル
化学势
Chromaticity is an objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its luminance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Chromaticity
Chromaticity
In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the fluid velocity. It has dimensions of length squared over time.
Circulation
Closest Approach Radius
"Coefficient of Heat Transfer", in thermodynamics and in mechanical and chemical engineering, is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux, that is heat flow per unit area, q/A, and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (that is, the temperature difference, (Delta T). Areic heat flow rate divided by thermodynamic temperature difference. In building technology, the "Coefficient of Heat Transfer", is often called "thermal transmittance}" with the symbol "U". It has SI units in watts per squared meter kelvin.
"Coefficient of Heat Transfer", in thermodynamics and in mechanical and chemical engineering, is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux, that is heat flow per unit area, $q/A$, and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (that is, the temperature difference, $ \bigtriangleup T $). Areic heat flow rate divided by thermodynamic temperature difference. In building technology, the $\textit{Coefficient of Heat Transfer}$, is often called $\textit{thermal transmittance}$, with the symbol $U$. $\textit{Coefficient of Heat Transfer}$, has SI units in watts per squared meter kelvin: $W/(m^2 \cdot K)$ . $K = \frac{\varphi}{T}$, where $\varphi$ is areic heat flow rate and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature difference.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
Coefficient of heat transfer
"Coefficient of Performance",is a measure of the efficiency of a heating or cooling system, defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling output to the energy input required to achieve it.
""Coefficient of Performance",is a measure of the efficiency of a heating or cooling system, defined as the ratio of useful heating or cooling output to the energy input required to achieve it.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CoefficientOfPerformance
CoefficientOfPerformance
$\textit{Coercivity}$, also referred to as $\textit{Coercive Field Strength}$, is the magnetic field strength to be applied to bring the magnetic flux density in a substance from its remaining magnetic flux density to zero. This is defined as the coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. The quantity which is brought to zero should be stated, and the appropriate symbol used: $H_{cB}$, $H_{cJ}$ or $H_{cM}$ for the coercivity relating to the magnetic flux density, the magnetic polarization or the magnetization respectively, where $H_{cJ} = H_{cM}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Coercivity
Coercivity
"Coherence Length" characterizes the distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable.
Coherence Length
"Cold Receptor Threshold" is the threshold of cold-sensitive free nerve-ending.
Cold Receptor Threshold
$h = h_r + h_c + h_k$, where $h_r$ is the linear radiative heat transfer coefficient, $h_c$ is the convective heat transfer coefficient, and $h_k$ is the conductive heat transfer coefficient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CombinedNonEvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
Combined Non Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermodynamicTemperature
Combustion Chamber Temperature
ratio of the median information content divided by the expected value for the duration of a character, expressed as a logarithm to base 10
Quotient mittlerer Informationsgehalt durch den Erwartungswert für die Dauer eines Zeichens, ausgedrückt als Logarithmus zur Basis 10
median information flow (from a source of information), expressed as a common logarithm
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Frequency
$\textit{Complex Power}$, under sinusoidal conditions, is the product of the phasor $\mathbf{U}$ representing the voltage between the terminals of a linear two-terminal element, or two-terminal circuit and the complex conjugate of the phasor $I$ representing the electric current in the element or circuit.
$\underline{S} = \underline{U}\underline{I^*}$, where $\underline{U}$ is voltage phasor and $\underline{I^*}$ is the complex conjugate of the current phasor.
Complex Power
A "Compound Plane Angle" is a compound measure of plane angle in degrees, minutes, seconds, and optionally millionth-seconds of arc.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PlaneAngle
Compound Plane Angle
Compressibility is a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
$\chi = -(\frac{1}{V})\frac{dV}{d\rho}$, where $V$ is volume and $p$ is pressure.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Compressibility
Compressibility
The compressibility factor ($Z$) is a useful thermodynamic property for modifying the ideal gas law to account for the real gas behaviour. The closer a gas is to a phase change, the larger the deviations from ideal behavior. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Values for compressibility are calculated using equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation and van der Waals equation. The compressibility factor for specific gases can be obtained, with out calculation, from compressibility charts. These charts are created by plotting Z as a function of pressure at constant temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio
Compressibility Factor
In chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Furthermore, in chemistry, four types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes in solutions.
Concentration
$\textit{Conductance}$, for a resistive two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit with terminals A and B, quotient of the electric current i in the element or circuit by the voltage $u_{AB}$ between the terminals: $G = \frac{1}{R}$, where the electric current is taken as positive if its direction is from A to B and negative in the opposite case. The conductance of an element or circuit is the inverse of its resistance.
$G = Re\underline{Y}$, where $\underline{Y}$ is admittance. Alternatively: $G = \frac{1}{R}$, where $R$ is resistance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Conductance
Conductance
"Conduction Speed" is the speed of impulses in nerve fibers.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ConductionSpeed
Conduction Speed
"Conductive Heat Transfer Rate" is proportional to temperature gradient and area of contact.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HeatFlowRate
Conductive Heat Transfer Rate
$\textit{Conductivity}$ is a scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the electric field strength in a medium is equal to the electric current density. For an isotropic medium the conductivity is a scalar quantity; for an anisotropic medium it is a tensor quantity. $$\mathbf{J} = \sigma \mathbf{E}$$ Where $\mathbf{J}$ is electric current density, and $\mathbf{E}$ is electric field strength.
$\mathbf{J} = \sigma \mathbf{E}$, where $\mathbf{J}$ is electric current density, and $\mathbf{E}$ is electric field strength.
"Conductivity" is a scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the electric field strength in a medium is equal to the electric current density. For an isotropic medium the conductivity is a scalar quantity; for an anisotropic medium it is a tensor quantity.
Conductivity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ConductivityVariance
Conductivity Variance
Variance for NEON conductivity data measured in MicroS-PER-CM
Conductivity Variance, NEON
In optics and lens design, constringence of a transparent material, also known as the Abbe number or the V-number, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Constringence
Constringence
Abbe Number
V-number
"Convective Heat Transfer" is convective heat transfer coefficient multiplied by temperature difference and exchange area.
Convective Heat Transfer
Ratio of input power to delivered cooling capacity, used to assess the efficiency of cooling systems such as chillers. Commonly expressed in kW per ton of refrigeration, where lower values indicate better performance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CoolingPerformanceRatio
Cooling Performance Ratio
Correlated color temperature (CCT) is a measure of light source color appearance defined by the proximity of the light source's chromaticity coordinates to the blackbody locus, as a single number rather than the two required to specify a chromaticity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CorrelatedColorTemperature
Correlated Color Temperature
Correlated Colour Temperature
In the construction industry, cost per area is the unit rate which, when multiplied by the gross internal floor area (GIFA), gives the total building works estimate (i.e.works cost estimate less main contractor’s preliminaries and main contractor’s overheads and profit).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CostPerArea
Kosten pro Fläche
cost per area
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CostPerEnergy
Energiekosten
energy cost
Represents the cost associated with a unit mass of a substance or material. It is typically used in economic and engineering contexts to evaluate the expense incurred per kilogram, gram, or other units of mass. This measure helps in comparing the economic efficiency of different materials or substances based on their mass.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CostPerMass
Kosten pro Masse
cost per mass
In photovoltaics, cost per power of electricity produced measures the cost of installing the hardware relative to the power produced.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CostPerPower
Anschaffungskosten pro Watt
cost per power
"Count" is the value of a count of items.
Count
A measure of a number of items counted per time period.
This measure may be used for measuring integer units per second or per hour. For example, it may be used to measure the number of books per hour passing along a part of a mechanical book handling system, the number of people per hour travelling along a moving walkway or the number of vehicles per hour travelling along a section of road.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CountRate
CountRate
"Coupling Factor" is the ratio of an electromagnetic quantity, usually voltage or current, appearing at a specified location of a given circuit to the corresponding quantity at a specified location in the circuit from which energy is transferred by coupling.
For inductive coupling between two inductive elements, $k = \frac{\left | L_{mn} \right |}{\sqrt{L_m L_n}}$, where $L_m$ and $L_n$ are their self inductances, and $L_{mn}$ is their mutual inductance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CouplingFactor
Constantă de cuplaj
constante de acoplamiento
constante de couplage
coupling factor
fattore di accoppiamento
stała sprzężenia
Çiftlenim sabiti
Константа взаимодействия
結合定数
耦合常數
"Cross-section" is used to express the likelihood of interaction between particles. For a specified target particle and for a specified reaction or process produced by incident charged or uncharged particles of specified type and energy, it is the mean number of such reactions or processes divided by the incident-particle fluence.
Cross-section
Cross-sectional Area
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CubicElectricDipoleMomentPerSquareEnergy
Cubic Electric Dipole Moment per Square Energy
$\alpha_V = \frac{1}{V} \; \frac{dV}{dT}$, where $V$ is $volume$ and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ExpansionRatio
Hullámszám
Volumenausdehnungskoeffizient
coefficient de dilatation volumique
coefficiente di dilatazione volumica
coeficiente de dilatación cúbica
coeficiente de dilatação volúmica
cubic expansion coefficient
kübik genleşme katsayısı
współczynnik rozszerzalności objętościowej
Κυματαριθμός
Вълново число
Температурный коэффициент
מספר גל
ضریب انبساط گرمایی
معامل التمدد الحجمى
体膨胀系数
線膨張係数
"Curie Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
Curie sıcaklığı
Curie temperature
Curie-Temperatur
Curieova teplota
Punct Curie
Suhu Curie
punto di Curie
temperatura Curie
temperatura de Curie
température de Curie
Точка Кюри
درجة حرارة كوري
نقطه کوری
क्यूरी ताप
キュリー温度
居里点
In economics, currency is a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply. The other part of a nation's money supply consists of bank deposits (sometimes called deposit money), ownership of which can be transferred by means of cheques, debit cards, or other forms of money transfer. Deposit money and currency are money in the sense that both are acceptable as a means of payment.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Currency
Currency
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CurrencyPerFlight
Currency Per Flight
"Current Linkage" is the net electric current through a surface delimited by a closed loop.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CurrentLinkage
Current Linkage
ratio of the amount of substance divided by the related time
Quotient Stoffmenge dividiert durch die zugehörige Zeit
current of the amount of substance
The canonical example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in $diopters$ (also spelled $dioptre$) — this is the convention in optics.
The canonical example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point. That is, given a point P on a smooth curve C, the curvature of C at P is defined to be 1/R where R is the radius of the osculating circle of C at P. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in diopters (also spelled dioptre) — this is the convention in optics. [Wikipedia],
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Curvature
Curvature
In mathematics "Curvature" is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat, or straight in the case of a line, but this is defined in different ways depending on the context.
$\kappa = \frac{1}{\rho}$, where $\rho$ is the radius of the curvature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:CurvatureFromRadius
cut-off current parameter as rating for fuses and switches, derived from the so-called Joule integral
Durchlassstrom-Kennwert als Bemessungsgröße für Sicherungen und Schalter, welcher abgeleitet ist aus dem sogenannten Joule-Integral
I²t-value
The "Cyclotron Angular Frequency" describes angular momentum vector precession about the external field axis with an angular frequency.
$\omega_c = \frac{\left | q \right |}{m}B$, where $q$ is the electric charge, $m$ is its mass, and $B$ is the magnetic flux density.
Larmor Angular Frequency
The change in translational velocity including all losses for a propulsive system or module. Delta-V losses include, but are not limited to, gravity losses and steering losses.
Delta-V
Mass of a system without the propellants, pressurants, reserve or residual fluids, personnel and personnel provisions, and cargo.
Dry Mass
The frequency derived from the period of time required to transmit one bit. This represents the amount of data transferred per second by a communications channel or a computing or storage device. Data rate is measured in units of bits per second (written "b/s" or "bps"), bytes per second (Bps), or baud. When applied to data rate, the multiplier prefixes "kilo-", "mega-", "giga-", etc. (and their abbreviations, "k", "M", "G", etc.) always denote powers of 1000. For example, 64 kbps is 64,000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage which use different prefixes to denote multiplication by powers of 1024, for example 1 kibibit = 1024 bits.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DataRate
Data Rate
data transmission rate
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DatasetOfBits
"Debye-Waller Factor" (DWF), named after Peter Debye and Ivar Waller, is used in condensed matter physics to describe the attenuation of x-ray scattering or coherent neutron scattering caused by thermal motion. Also, a factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
$u = R - R_0$, where $R$ is the particle position vector and $R_0$ is the equilibrium position vector of a particle.
Debye-Waller Factor
"Debye Angular Frequency" is the cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
Debye Angular Frequency
"Debye Angular Wavenumber" is the cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DebyeAngularWavenumber
Debye Angular Wavenumber
"Debye Temperature" is the temperature at which the highest-frequency mode (and hence all modes) are excited.
$\Theta_D = \frac{\hbar\omega_D}{k}$, where $k$ is the Boltzmann constant, $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant, and $\omega_D$ is the Debye angular frequency.
Debye Temperature
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DebyeWallerFactor
The "Decay Constant" is the proportionality between the size of a population of radioactive atoms and the rate at which the population decreases because of radioactive decay.
Relative variation $\frac{dN}{N}$ of the number $N$ of atoms or nuclei in a system, due to spontaneous emission from these atoms or nuclei during an infinitesimal time interval, divided by its duration $dt$, thus $\lambda = -\frac{1}{N}\frac{dN}{dt}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DecayConstant
Decay Constant
The "Degree of Dissociation" is the fraction of original solute molecules that have dissociated.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DegreeOfDissociation
Degree of Dissociation
The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is $\rho$. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: $\rho = m/V$, where $\rho$ is the density, $m$ is the mass, and $V$ is the volume. In some cases, density is also defined as its weight per unit volume, although this quantity is more properly called specific weight.
$\rho = m/V$, where $\rho$ is the density, $m$ is the mass, and $V$ is the volume.
Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassDensity
Density In Combustion Chamber
"Density of States" is the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency divided by the range of that interval and by volume.
Density of states
Density Of The Exhaust Gases
Depth typically refers to the vertical measure of length from the surface of a liquid.
Depth
"Dew Point Temperature" is the temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
Dew Point Temperature
In classical geometry, the "Diameter" of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.
$d = 2r$, where $r$ is the radius of the circle.
Durchmesser
diameter
diametro
diamètre
diámetro
diâmetro
premer
průměr
çap
średnica
диаметр
قطر
直径
The pressure of blood in the arteries which rises to a maximum as blood is pumped out by the left ventricle (systole) and drops to a minimum in diastole. The systolic/diastolic pressure is normally ~120/80 mmHg in a young adult.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
"Diffusion Area" in an infinite homogenous medium, is one-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves that class.
Diffusion Area
The "Diffusion Coefficient" is a proportionality constant between the molar flux due to molecular diffusion and the gradient in the concentration of the species (or the driving force for diffusion). Diffusivity is encountered in Fick's law and numerous other equations of physical chemistry.
$C_B \left \langle \nu_B \right \rangle = -D grad C_B$, where $C_B$ the local molecular concentration of substance $B$ in the mixture and $\left \langle \nu_B \right \rangle$ is the local average velocity of the molecules of $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DiffusionCoefficient
Diffusionskoeffizient
coefficient de diffusion
coefficiente di diffusione
coeficiente de difusión
coeficiente de difusão
diffusion coefficient
difuzijski koeficient
The "Diffusion Coefficient for Fluence Rate" is a proportionality constant between the .
$D_\varphi = -\frac{J_x}{\frac{\partial d\varphi}{\partial dx}}$, where $J_x$ is the $x-component$ of the particle current and $\varphi$ is the particle fluence rate.
Diffusion Coefficient for Fluence Rate
"Diffusion Length" is the average distance traveled by a particle, or a thermal neutron in a nuclear reactor, from the point at which it is formed to the point at which it is absorbed.
$L = \sqrt{L^2}$, where $L^2$ is the diffusion area.
Diffusion Length
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DigitRate
In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity or quantity of dimension one is a quantity without an associated physical dimension. It is thus a "pure" number, and as such always has a dimension of 1. Dimensionless quantities are widely used in mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, and in everyday life (such as in counting). Numerous well-known quantities, such as $\pi$, $\epsilon$, and $\psi$, are dimensionless. By contrast, non-dimensionless quantities are measured in units of length, area, time, etc. Dimensionless quantities are often defined as products or ratios of quantities that are not dimensionless, but whose dimensions cancel out when their powers are multiplied.
Dimensionless
Dimensionless Ratio
"Displacement" is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P.
$\Delta r = R_f - R_i$, where $R_f$ is the final position and $R_i$ is the initial position.
Displacement
"Displacement Current" is a quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of electric displacement field. Displacement current has the units of electric current density, and it has an associated magnetic field just as actual currents do. However it is not an electric current of moving charges, but a time-varying electric field. In materials, there is also a contribution from the slight motion of charges bound in atoms, dielectric polarization.
$I_D= \int_S J_D \cdot e_n dA$, over a surface $S$, where $J_D$ is displacement current density and $e_n dA$ is the vector surface element.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DisplacementCurrent
Displacement Current
$\text{Displacement Current Density}$ is the time rate of change of the $\textit{Electric Flux Density}$. This is a measure of how quickly the electric field changes if we observe it as a function of time. This is different than if we look at how the electric field changes spatially, that is, over a region of space for a fixed amount of time.
$J_D = \frac{\partial D}{\partial t}$, where $D$ is electric flux density and $t$ is time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DisplacementCurrentDensity
Displacement Current Density
Displacement Vector of Ion
Dissipance, or dissipation factor for sound power, is the ratio of dissipated sound power to incident sound power. The dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system. It is the reciprocal of quality factor, which represents the quality of oscillation.
$\delta = \frac{P_d}{P_i}$, where $P_d$ is the dissipated sound power, and $P_i$ is the incident sound power.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Dissipance
Dissipance
"Distance" is a numerical description of how far apart objects are.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Distance
Entfernung
Jarak
Vzdálenost
distance
distancia
distanza
distância
uzaklık
مسافت
距离
Distance Traveled During a Burn
"Donor Density" is the number per volume of donor levels.
Donor Density
"Donor Ionization Energy" is the ionization energy of a donor.
Donor Ionization Energy
"Dose Equivalent" (former), or $\textit{Equivalent Absorbed Radiation Dose}$, usually shortened to $\textit{Equivalent Dose}$, is a computed average measure of the radiation absorbed by a fixed mass of biological tissue, that attempts to account for the different biological damage potential of different types of ionizing radiation. The equivalent dose to a tissue is found by multiplying the absorbed dose, in gray, by a dimensionless "quality factor" $Q$, dependent upon radiation type, and by another dimensionless factor $N$, dependent on all other pertinent factors. N depends upon the part of the body irradiated, the time and volume over which the dose was spread, even the species of the subject.
At the point of interest in tissue, $H = DQ$, where $D$ is the absorbed dose and $Q$ is the quality factor at that point.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DoseEquivalent
Dose Equivalent
"Dose Equivalent Quality Factor" is a factor in the caculation and measurement of dose equivalent, by which the absorbed dose is to be weighted in order to account for different biological effectiveness of radiations, for radiation protection purposes.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
Dose Equivalent Quality Factor
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DotsPerInch
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water.
Drag Coefficient
In fluid dynamics, drag refers to forces which act on a solid object in the direction of the relative fluid flow velocity. Unlike other resistive forces such as dry friction, which is nearly independent of velocity, drag forces depend on velocity. Drag forces always decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.
Drag Force
The temperature of air measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air, but shielded from radiation.
Dry Bulb Temperature
Dry measures are units of volume used to measure bulk commodities which are not gas or liquid. They are typically used in agriculture, agronomy, and commodity markets to measure grain, dried beans, and dried and fresh fruit; formerly also salt pork and fish. They are also used in fishing for clams, crabs, etc. and formerly for many other substances (for example coal, cement, lime) which were typically shipped and delivered in a standardized container such as a barrel. In the original metric system, the unit of dry volume was the stere, but this is not part of the modern metric system; the liter and the cubic meter ($m^{3}$) are now used. However, the stere is still widely used for firewood.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DryVolume
Dry Volume
A duty cycle or power cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DutyCycle
Duty Cycle
Duv is a metric that is short for Delta u,v (not to be confused with Delta u',v') and describes the distance of a light color point from the black body curve.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Duv
Delta u,v
Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together (like a sled on the ground).
Dynamic Friction
$\mu = \frac{F}{N}$, where $F$ is the tangential component of the contact force and $N$ is the normal component of the contact force between two sliding bodies.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:FrictionCoefficient
Dynamic Friction Coefficient
Dynamic Pressure (indicated with q, or Q, and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: $q = 1/2 * \rho v^{2}$, where (using SI units), $q$ is dynamic pressure in $pascals$, $\rho$ is fluid density in $kg/m^{3}$ (for example, density of air) and $v $ is fluid velocity in $m/s$.
Dynamic Pressure
A measure of the molecular frictional resistance of a fluid as calculated using Newton's law.
$\tau_{xz} = \eta\frac{dv_x}{dz}$, where $\tau_{xz}$ is shear stress in a fluid moving with a velocity gradient $\frac{dv_x}{dz}$ perpendicular to the plane of shear.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:DynamicViscosity
Kelikatan dinamik
Viscozitate dinamică
dinamik akmazlık
dinamična viskoznost
dynamic viscosity
dynamische Viskosität
lepkość dynamiczna
viscosidad dinámica
viscosidade dinâmica
viscosità dinamica
viscosité dynamique
viskozita
динамическую вязкость
لزوجة
گرانروی دینامیکی/ویسکوزیته دینامیکی
श्यानता
动力粘度
粘度
viscosità di taglio
Earth Closest Approach Vehicle Velocity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EarthquakeMagnitude
The orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle. In a two-body problem with inverse-square-law force, every orbit is a Kepler orbit. The eccentricity of this Kepler orbit is a positive number that defines its shape.
Eccentricity Of Orbit
The velocity of an exhaust stream after reduction by effects such as friction, non-axially directed flow, and pressure differences between the inside of the rocket and its surroundings. The effective exhaust velocity is one of two factors determining the thrust, or accelerating force, that a rocket can develop, the other factor being the quantity of reaction mass expelled from the rocket in unit time. In most cases, the effective exhaust velocity is close to the actual exhaust velocity.
Effective Exhaustvelocity
"Effective Mass" is used in the motional equation for electrons in solid state bodies, depending on the wavenumber and corresponding to its velocity and energy level.
$m^* = \hbar^2k(\frac{d\varepsilon}{dk})$, where $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant, $k$ is the wavenumber, and $\varepsilon$ is the energy of the electron.
Effective Mass
The "Effective Multiplication Factor" is the multiplication factor for a finite medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MultiplicationFactor
Effective Multiplication Factor
Efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power.
$\eta = \frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}}$, where $P_{out}$ is the output power and $P_{in}$ is the input power.
Wirkungsgrad
efficiency
efficienza
eficiência
rendement
rendimiento
sprawność
коэффициент полезного действия
كفاءة
効率
效率
rendimento
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EinsteinCoefficients
Given two atomic states of energy $E_j$ and $E_k$. Let $E_j > E_k$. Assume the atom is bathed in radiation of energy density $u(w)$. Transitions between these states can take place in three different ways. Spontaneous, induced/stimulated emission, and induced absorption. $A_jk$ represents the Einstein transition probability for spontaneous emission.
$\frac{-dN_j}{dt} = A_jkN_j$, where $-dN_j$ is the number of molecules spontaneously leaving the state j for the state k during a time interval of duration $dt$, $N_j$ is the number of molecules in the state j, and $E_j > E_k$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EinsteinTransitionProbability
Einstein Transition Probability
nuclear constant for the special transition where the probability of the absorption, spontaneous emission or induced emission of energy depends on the number of existing quantums of light, expressed as energy density in the wave model of light: energy divided by volume and frequency
atomare Konstante für den speziellen Übergang, wobei die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Absorption, der spontanen Emission und der induzierte Emission von Energie abhängig ist von der Zahl der vorhandenen Lichtquanten, ausgedrückt als Energiedichte im Wellenmodell des Lichtes: Energie durch Volumen und Frequenz
Einstein transition probability for spontaneous or induced emission and absorption
"Electric Charge" is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force. Electric charge is carried by discrete particles and can be positive or negative. The sign convention is such that the elementary electric charge $e$, that is, the charge of the proton, is positive. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
$dQ = Idt$, where $I$ is electric current.
Cas elektrik
Charge électrique
Elektrický náboj
carga eléctrica
carga elétrica
carica elettrica
electric charge
elektrik yükü
elektrische Ladung
električni naboj
elektromos töltés
onus electricum
sarcină electrică
ładunek elektryczny
Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο
Електрически заряд
Электрический заряд
מטען חשמלי
الشحنة الكهربائية
بار الکتریکی
विद्युत आवेग या विद्युत बहाव
电荷
電荷
cantitate de electricitate
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
$\rho = \frac{dQ}{dV}$, where $Q$ is electric charge and $V$ is Volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargeDensity
Electric Charge Density
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are $C \cdot $, $m^{-1}$, $C \cdot m^{-2}$ or $C \cdot m^{-3}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargeLineDensity
Electric Charge Line Density
$\rho_l = \frac{dQ}{dl}$, where $Q$ is electric charge and $l$ is length.
Electric Charge Linear Density
"Electric Charge Per Amount Of Substance" is the charge assocated with a given amount of substance. Un the ISO and SI systems this is $1 mol$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargePerAmountOfSubstance
Electric charge per amount of substance
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are $C \cdot m^{-1}$, $C \cdot m^{-2}$ or $C \cdot m^{-3}$.
Electric charge per area
"Electric Charge Per Mass" is the charge associated with a specific mass of a substance. In the SI and ISO systems this is $1 kg$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargePerMass
Electric Charge Per Mass
$\rho_A = \frac{dQ}{dA}$, where $Q$ is electric charge and $A$ is Area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargeSurfaceDensity
Electric Charge Surface Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricChargeVolumeDensity
Electric Charge Volume Density
The quantity kind $\textit{Electric Conductivity}$ or $\textit{Specific Conductance}$ is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity $\sigma$ is defined as the ratio of the electric current density $J$ to the electric field, $E$: $J = \sigma E$. In isotropic materials, conductivity is scalar-valued, however in general, conductivity is a tensor-valued quantity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricConductivity
Kekonduksian elektrik
conducibilità elettrica
conductividad eléctrica
conductivité électrique
condutividade elétrica
electric conductivity
elektrik iletkenliği
elektrische Leitfähigkeit
električna prevodnost
رسانايى الکتريکى/هدایت الکتریکی
电导率
The quantity kind $\textit{Electric Current}$ is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, for example, a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity. Electric current is one of the base quantities in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
"Electric Current" is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, for example, a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity. Electric current is one of the base quantities in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCurrent
Arus elektrik
Elektrický proud
corrente elettrica
corrente elétrica
corriente eléctrica
curent electric
electric current
elektrik akımı
elektrische Stromstärke
električni tok
elektromos áramerősség
fluxio electrica
intensité de courant électrique
prąd elektryczny
Ένταση ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος
Електрически ток
Сила электрического тока
זרם חשמלי
تيار كهربائي
جریان الکتریکی
विद्युत धारा
电流
電流
"Electric Current Density" is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section. Electric current density is a vector-valued quantity. Electric current, $I$, through a surface $S$ is defined as $I = \int_S J \cdot e_n dA$, where $e_ndA$ is the vector surface element.
$J = \rho v$, where $\rho$ is electric current density and $v$ is volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCurrentDensity
Akım yoğunluğu
Densitate de curent
Gęstość prądu elektrycznego
Hustota elektrického proudu
Ketumpatan arus elektrik
densidad de corriente
densidade de corrente elétrica
densità di corrente elettrica
densité de courant
electric current density
elektrische Stromdichte
gostota električnega toka
плотность тока
كثافة التيار
چگالی جریان الکتریکی
धारा घनत्व
电流密度
電流密度
areic electric current
keluasan arus elektrik
Electric current imbalance is the percentage deviation of individual phase currents from the average current across phases in a polyphase electrical system.
Electric Current Imbalance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerAngle
Electric Current per Angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerEnergy
Electric Current per Energy
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearElectricCurrentDensity
Electric Current per Length
"Electric Current per Unit Temperature" is used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature.
"Electric Current per Temperature" is used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerTemperature
Electric Current per Temperature
"Electric Current Phasor" is a representation of current as a sinusoidal integral quantity using a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square value. A phasor is a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids, where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
When $i = \hat{I} \cos{(\omega t + \alpha)}$, where $i$ is the electric current, $\omega$ is angular frequence, $t$ is time, and $\alpha$ is initial phase, then $\underline{I} = Ie^{ja}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPhasor
Electric Current Phasor
"Electric Dipole Moment" is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of (discrete or continuous) charges. It is a vector-valued quantity. If the system of charges is neutral, that is if the sum of all charges is zero, then the dipole moment of the system is independent of the choice of a reference frame; however in a non-neutral system, such as the dipole moment of a single proton, a dependence on the choice of reference point arises. In such cases it is conventional to choose the reference point to be the center of mass of the system or the center of charge, not some arbitrary origin. This convention ensures that the dipole moment is an intrinsic property of the system. The electric dipole moment of a substance within a domain is the vector sum of electric dipole moments of all electric dipoles included in the domain.
$E_p = -p \cdot E$, where $E_p$ is the interaction energy of the molecule with electric dipole moment $p$ and an electric field with electric field strength $E$. $p = q(r_+ - r_i)$, where $r_+$ and $r_-$ are the position vectors to carriers of electric charge $a$ and $-q$, respectively.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment
Dipólový moment
Momen dwikutub elektrik
electric dipole moment
elektrik dipol momenti
elektrisches Dipolmoment
elektryczny moment dipolowy
moment dipolaire
moment electric dipolar
momento de dipolo eléctrico
momento di dipolo elettrico
momento do dipolo elétrico
Электрический дипольный момент
عزم ثنائي قطب
گشتاور دوقطبی الکتریکی
विद्युत द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण
电偶极矩
電気双極子
Quartic Electric Dipole Moment per Cubic Energy
In a dielectric material the presence of an electric field E causes the bound charges in the material (atomic nuclei and their electrons) to slightly separate, inducing a local electric dipole moment. The Electric Displacement Field, $D$, is a vector field that accounts for the effects of free charges within such dielectric materials. This describes also the charge density on an extended surface that could be causing the field.
$D = \epsilon_0 E + P$, where $\epsilon_0$ is the electric constant, $E$ is electric field strength, and $P$ is electric polarization.
Electric Displacement
Electric Displacement Field
Electric energy is the energy transferred to or from an electrical circuit over time. It is the integral of electric power over time and is commonly measured in watt-hours (Wh) or kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Electric Energy
The space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. This electric field exerts a force on other electrically charged objects. In the idealized case, the force exerted between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Coulomb's Law).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricField
Electric Field
$\textit{Electric Field Strength}$ is the magnitude and direction of an electric field, expressed by the value of $E$, also referred to as $\color{indigo} {\textit{electric field intensity}}$ or simply the electric field.
$\mathbf{E} = \mathbf{F}/q$, where $\mathbf{F}$ is force and $q$ is electric charge, of a test particle at rest.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricFieldStrength
Elektromos mező
Kekuatan medan elektrik
câmp electric
electric field strength
elektrické pole
elektriksel alan kuvveti
elektrische Feldstärke
intensidad de campo eléctrico
intensidade de campo elétrico
intensità di campo elettrico
intensité de champ électrique
jakost električnega polja
natężenie pola elektrycznego
Ηλεκτρικό πεδίο
Електрично поле
Напряженность электрического поля
שדה חשמלי
شدة المجال الكهربائي
شدت میدان الکتریکی
विद्युत्-क्षेत्र
電場
電界強度
"Electric Flux" through an area is defined as the electric field multiplied by the area of the surface projected in a plane perpendicular to the field. Electric Flux is a scalar-valued quantity.
$\Psi = \int_S D \cdot e_n dA$, over a surface $S$, where $D$ is electric flux density and $e_n dA$ is the vector surface element.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricFlux
Electric Flux
$\textit{Electric Flux Density}$, also referred to as $\textit{Electric Displacement}$, is related to electric charge density by the following equation: $\text{div} \; D = \rho$, where $\text{div}$ denotes the divergence.
$\mathbf{D} = \epsilon_0 E + P$, where $\epsilon_0$ is the electric constant, $\mathbf{E} $ is electric field strength, and $P$ is electric polarization.
Densidad de flujo eléctrico
Elektrická indukce
Induction électrique
Inducție electrică
Indukcja elektryczna
Ketumpatan fluks elektrik
campo de deslocamento elétrico
electric flux density
elektrik akı yoğunluğu
elektrische Flussdichte
spostamento elettrico
Электрическая индукция
إزاحة كهربائية
چگالی شار الکتریکی
電位移
電束密度
anjakan
densité de flux électrique
displacement
elektrische Induktion
elektrische Verschiebung
induzione elettrica
yer değiştirme
"Electric Polarizability" is the relative tendency of a charge distribution, like the electron cloud of an atom or molecule, to be distorted from its normal shape by an external electric field, which is applied typically by inserting the molecule in a charged parallel-plate capacitor, but may also be caused by the presence of a nearby ion or dipole.
$\alpha_{i,j} = \frac{\partial p_i}{\partial E_j}$, where $p_i$ is the cartesian component along the $i-axis$ of the electric dipole moment induced by the applied electric field strength acting on the molecule, and $E_j$ is the component along the $j-axis$ of this electric field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricPolarizability
Kepengkutuban elektrik
Kutuplanabilirlik
Polarisabilité
Polarizabilidad
Polarizovatelnost
Polaryzowalność
electric polarizability
elektrische Polarisierbarkeit
polarizabilidade
polarizzabilità elettrica
Поляризуемость
قابلية استقطاب
قطبیت پذیری الکتریکی
分極率
極化性
"Electric Polarization" is the relative shift of positive and negative electric charge in opposite directions within an insulator, or dielectric, induced by an external electric field. Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative. In some materials whose molecules are permanently polarized by chemical forces, such as water molecules, some of the polarization is caused by molecules rotating into the same alignment under the influence of the electric field. One of the measures of polarization is electric dipole moment, which equals the distance between the slightly shifted centres of positive and negative charge multiplied by the amount of one of the charges. Polarization P in its quantitative meaning is the amount of dipole moment p per unit volume V of a polarized material, P = p/V.
$P =\frac{dp}{dV}$, where $p$ is electic charge density and $V$ is volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricPolarization
electric polarization
elektrische Polarisation
polarisation électrique
polarización eléctrica
polarização eléctrica
polarizzazione elettrica
polaryzacja elektryczna
электрическая поляризация
إستقطاب كهربائي
電気分極
The Electric Potential is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field. The electric potential $\phi(x)$ at a point, $x$, is formally defined as the line integral of the electric field taken along a path from x to the point at infinity. If the electric field is static, that is time independent, then the choice of the path is arbitrary; however if the electric field is time dependent, taking the integral a different paths will produce different results.
$-\text{grad} \; V = E + \frac{\partial A}{\partial t}$, where $E$ is electric field strength, $A$ is magentic vector potential and $t$ is time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricPotential
Keupayaan elektrik
electric potential
elektrický potenciál
elektrik potansiyeli
elektrisches Potenzial
električni potencial
elektromos feszültség , elektromos potenciálkülönbség
potencial eléctrico
potencial elétrico
potencjał elektryczny
potentiel électrique
potenziale elettrico
potențial electric
tensio electrica
Електрически потенциал
электростатический потенциал
מתח חשמלי (הפרש פוטנציאלים)
كمون كهربائي
پتانسیل الکتریکی
विद्युत विभव
電位
電勢
vis electromotrix
"Electric Potential Difference" is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field.
$V_{ab} = \int_{r_a(C)}^{r_b} (E +\frac{\partial A}{\partial t}) $, where $E$ is electric field strength, $A$ is magentic vector potential, $t$ is time, and $r$ is position vector along a curve C from a point $a$ to $b$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricPotentialDifference
Voltan Perbezaan keupayaan elektrik
diferență de potențial electric
differenza di potenziale elettrico
electric potential difference
elektrické napětí
elektrische Spannung
električna napetost
gerilim
napięcie elektryczne
tension électrique
tensión eléctrica
tensão elétrica (diferença de potencial)
электрическое напряжение
جهد كهربائي
ولتاژ/ اختلاف پتانسیل
विभवांतर
電圧
電壓
ketegangan
tension
tensione elettrica
tensiune
"Electric Power" is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. In the simple case of direct current circuits, electric power can be calculated as the product of the potential difference in the circuit (V) and the amount of current flowing in the circuit (I): $P = VI$, where $P$ is the power, $V$ is the potential difference, and $I$ is the current. However, in general electric power is calculated by taking the integral of the vector cross-product of the electrical and magnetic fields over a specified area.
$p = ui$, where $u$ is instantaneous voltage and $i$ is instantaneous electric current.
Wirkleistung
electric power
moc czynna
potencia activa
potenza attiva
potência activa
puissance active
القدرة الفعالة
有功功率
有効電力
Electric Propulsion Propellant Mass
The Electric Quadrupole Moment is a quantity which describes the effective shape of the ellipsoid of nuclear charge distribution. A non-zero quadrupole moment Q indicates that the charge distribution is not spherically symmetric. By convention, the value of Q is taken to be positive if the ellipsoid is prolate and negative if it is oblate. In general, the electric quadrupole moment is tensor-valued.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricQuadrupoleMoment
Momen kuadrupol elektrik
electric quadrupole moment
elektrik kuadrupol momenti
elektrisches Quadrupolmoment
elektryczny moment kwadrupolowy
moment quadrupolaire électrique
momento de cuadrupolo eléctrico
momento de quadrupolo elétrico
momento di quadrupolo elettrico
Электрический квадрупольный момент
گشتاور چهار قطبی الکتریکی
四極子
电四极矩
"Electric Susceptibility" is the ratio of electric polarization to electric field strength, normalized to the electric constant. The definition applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium, electric susceptibility is a second order tensor.
$\chi = \frac{P}{(\epsilon_0 E)}$, where $P$ is electric polorization, $\epsilon_0$ is the electric constant, and $E$ is electric field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricSusceptibility
electric susceptibility
elektrische Suszeptibilität
podatność elektryczna
susceptibilidad eléctrica
susceptibilidade eléctrica
susceptibilité électrique
suscettività elettrica
электрическая восприимчивость
المتأثرية الكهربائية، سرعة التأثر الكهربائية
電気感受率
susceptywność elektryczna
диэлектрическая восприимчивость
measure of the capability of a material to conduct electric current, the value of which is defined as the reciprocal of the electrical resistance
Maß für die Fähigkeit eines Stoffes, den elektrischen Strom zu leiten, das wertmäßig definiert ist als Kehrwert des elektrischen Widerstandes
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricalConductance
electrical conductance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificPower
Electrical Power To Mass Ratio
different properties of materials which impede the electrical current in its movement when the free charged particles in these materials are set in motion by electrical fields and/or electrical potentials
unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Eigenschaft von Stoffen, den elektrischen Strom in seiner Bewegung zu hemmen, wenn die freien Ladungsträger in diesen Stoffen durch elektrische Felder und/oder elektrische Potentiale in Bewegung gesetzt werden
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectricalResistance
electrical resistance
"Electrolytic Conductivity" of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity.
$x = \frac{J}{E}$, where $J$ is the electrolytic current density and $E$ is the electric field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectrolyticConductivity
Electrolytic Conductivity
$\textit{Electromagnetic Energy Density}$, also known as the $\color{indigo} {\text{Volumic Electromagnetic Energy}}$, is the energy associated with an electromagnetic field, per unit volume of the field.
$w = (1/2) ( \mathbf{E} \cdot \mathbf{D} + \mathbf{B} \cdot \mathbf{H})$, where $\mathbf{E}$ is electric field strength, $\mathbf{D}$ is electric flux density, $\mathbf{M}$ is magnetic flux density, and $\mathbf{H}$ is magnetic field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
Electromagnetic Energy Density
$\textit{Permeability}$ is the degree of magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied magnetic field. In general permeability is a tensor-valued quantity. The definition given applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium permeability is a second order tensor. In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself. In other words, it is the degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field. Magnetic permeability is typically represented by the Greek letter $\mu$. The term was coined in September, 1885 by Oliver Heaviside. The reciprocal of magnetic permeability is $\textit{Magnetic Reluctivity}$.
$\mu = \frac{B}{H}$, where $B$ is magnetic flux density, and $H$ is magnetic field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectromagneticPermeability
Permeability
$\textit{Electromagnetic Permeability Ratio}$ is the ratio of the electromagnetic permeability of a specific medium to the electromagnetic permeability of free space.
The ratio of the electromagnetic permeability of a specific medium to the electromagnetic permeability of free space.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
Electromagnetic Permeability Ratio
$\textit{Electromagnetic Wave Phase Speed}$ is the ratio of angular velocity and wavenumber.
$c = w/k$ where $w$ is angular velocity and $k$ is angular wavenumber.
"Electromagnetic Wave Phase Speed" is the ratio of angular velocity and wavenumber.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
Electromagnetic Wave Phase Speed
In physics, $\textit{Electromotive Force}$, or most commonly $emf$ (seldom capitalized), or (occasionally) electromotance is that which tends to cause current (actual electrons and ions) to flow. More formally, $emf$ is the external work expended per unit of charge to produce an electric potential difference across two open-circuited terminals. $\textit{Electromotive Force}$ is deprecated in the ISO System of Quantities.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyPerElectricCharge
Daya gerak elektrik
Elektromotor kuvvet
Elektromotorické napětí
electromotive force
elektromotorische Kraft
elektromotorna sila
force électromotrice
forza elettromotrice
força eletromotriz
forță electromotoare
fuerza electromotriz
siła elektromotoryczna
электродвижущая сила
قوة محركة كهربائية
نیروی محرک الکتریکی
विद्युतवाहक बल
起電力
電動勢
$\textit{Electron Affinity}$ is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor. The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion.
"Electron Affinity" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor. The the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion.
Electron Affinity
$\textit{Electron Density}$ is the number of electrons per volume in conduction bands. It is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at a specific location.
"Electron Density" is the number of electrons per volume in conduction bands. It is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at a specific location.
Electron Density
$\textit{Electron Mean Free Path}$ is the mean free path of electrons.
"Electron Mean Free Path" is the mean free path of electrons.
Electron Mean Free Path
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Mobility
$\textit{Electron Radius}$, also known as the Lorentz radius or the Thomson scattering length, is based on a classical (i.e., non-quantum) relativistic model of the electron.
$r_e = \frac{e^2}{4\pi m_e c_0^2}$, where $e$ is the elementary charge, $\varepsilon_0$ is the electric constant, item $m_e$ is the rest mass of electrons, and $c_0$ is the speed of light in vacuum.
"Electron Radius", also known as the Lorentz radius or the Thomson scattering length, is based on a classical (i.e., non-quantum) relativistic model of the electron.
Electron Radius
Height measurement relative to the Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) (en: Amsterdam Ordnance System). Being a form of gravity related height
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ElevationRelativeToNAP
Elevation relative to NAP
Hoogte ten opzichte van NAP
Velocity at apogee for an elliptical orbit velocity
Elliptical Orbit Apogee Velocity
Elliptical Orbit Perigee Velocity
Emissivity of a material (usually written $\varepsilon$ or e) is the relative ability of its surface to emit energy by radiation.
$\varepsilon = \frac{M}{M_b}$, where $M$ is the radiant exitance of a thermal radiator and $M_b$ is the radiant exitance of a blackbody at the same temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Emissivity
Emissivity
Energy is the quantity characterizing the ability of a system to do work.
Energie
Tenaga
energia , munka , hő
energia
energie
energija
energy
enerji
énergie
Έργο - Ενέργεια
Енергия
Энергия
אנרגיה ועבודה
الطاقة
انرژی
ऊर्जा
エネルギー
能量
saved quantity of energy which can be used physically or chemically
gespeicherte Energiemenge, die physikalisch oder chemisch nutzbar ist
energy content
Energy density is defined as energy per unit volume. The SI unit for energy density is the joule per cubic meter.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyDensity
Energy Density
"Energy Density of States" refers to electrons or other entities, e.g. phonons. It quantifies the numnber of states in an infitesimal energy range, per volume, and has dimensionality of inverse energy times inverse volume.
$\rho(E) = n_E(E) = \frac{dN(E)}{dE}\frac{1}{V}$, where $N(E)$ is the total number of states with energy less than $E$, and $V$ is the volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyDensityOfStates
Energy Density of States
Energy expenditure is dependent on a person's sex, metabolic rate, body-mass composition, the thermic effects of food, and activity level. The approximate energy expenditure of a man lying in bed is $1.0\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram$. For slow walking (just over two miles per hour), $3.0\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram$. For fast steady running (about 10 miles per hour), $16.3\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram$. Females expend about 10 per cent less energy than males of the same size doing a comparable activity. For people weighing the same, individuals with a high percentage of body fat usually expend less energy than lean people, because fat is not as metabolically active as muscle.
Energy Expenditure
"Energy Fluence" can be used to describe the energy delivered per unit area
$\Psi = \frac{dR}{dA}$, where $dR$ describes the sum of radiant energies, exclusive of rest energy, of all particles incident on a small spherical domain, and $dA$ describes the cross-sectional area of that domain.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyFluence
Energy Fluence
"Energy Fluence Rate" can be used to describe the energy fluence delivered per unit time.
$\Psi = \frac{d\Psi}{dt}$, where $d\Psi$ is the increment of the energy fluence during an infinitesimal time interval with duration $dt$.
Energy Fluence Rate
The "Energy Imparted", is a physical quantity associated with the energy delivered to a particular volume of matter by all the directly and indirectly ionizing particles (i.e. charged and uncharged) entering that volume.
For ionizing radiation in the matter in a given 3D domain, $\varepsilon = \sum_i \varepsilon_i$, where the energy deposit, $\varepsilon_i$ is the energy deposited in a single interaction $i$, and is given by $\varepsilon_i = \varepsilon_{in} - \varepsilon_{out} + Q$, where $\varepsilon_{in}$ is the energy of the incident ionizing particle, excluding rest energy, $\varepsilon_{out}$ is the sum of the energies of all ionizing particles leaving the interaction, excluding rest energy, and $Q$ is the change in the rest energies of the nucleus and of all particles involved in the interaction.
Energy Imparted
The internal energy is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system. It is the energy needed to create the system, but excludes the energy to displace the system's surroundings, any energy associated with a move as a whole, or due to external force fields. Internal energy has two major components, kinetic energy and potential energy. The internal energy (U) is the sum of all forms of energy (Ei) intrinsic to a thermodynamic system: $ U = \sum_i E_i $
Notranja energija
Tenaga dalaman
energia interna
energia wewnętrzna
energie internă
energía interna
innere Energie
internal energy
vnitřní energie
énergie interne
İç enerji
внутренняя энергия
انرژی درونی
طاقة داخلية
आन्तरिक ऊर्जा
内能
内部エネルギー
energia termodinamica
tenaga termodinamik
thermodynamic energy
thermodynamische Energie
énergie thermodynamique
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.
Energie cinetică
Kinetik enerji
Tenaga kinetik
energia cinetica
energia cinética
energia kinetyczna
energía cinética
kinetic energy
kinetická energie
kinetische Energie
énergie cinétique
кинетическая энергия
انرژی جنبشی
طاقة حركية
गतिज ऊर्जा
动能
運動エネルギー
"Energy Level" is the ionization energy for an electron at the Fermi energy in the interior of a substance.
Energy Level
Energy per unit area is a measure of the energy either impinging upon or generated from a given unit of area. This can be a measure of the "toughness" of a material, being the amount of energy that needs to be applied per unit area of a crack to cause it to fracture. This is a constant for a given material..
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyPerArea
Energy per Area
"Energy Per Area Electric Charge" is the amount of electric energy associated with a unit of area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyPerAreaElectricCharge
Energy Per Area Electric Charge
Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point. Voltage is a scalar quantity. The SI unit of voltage is the volt, such that $1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb$.
Energy per electric charge
"Energy Per Square Magnetic Flux Density" is a measure of energy for a unit of magnetic flux density.
Energy Per Square Magnetic Flux Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyPerMassAmountOfSubstance
Energy and work per mass amount of substance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EnergyPerTemperature
Energy per temperature
Square Energy
In thermodynamics, $\textit{enthalpy}$ is the sum of the internal energy $U$ and the product of pressure $p$ and volume $V$ of a system. The characteristic function (also known as thermodynamic potential) $\textit{enthalpy}$ used to be called $\textit{heat content}$, which is why it is conventionally indicated by $H$. The specific enthalpy of a working mass is a property of that mass used in thermodynamics, defined as $h=u+p \cdot v$, where $u$ is the specific internal energy, $p$ is the pressure, and $v$ is specific volume. In other words, $h = H / m$ where $m$ is the mass of the system. The SI unit for $\textit{Specific Enthalpy}$ is $\textit{joules per kilogram}$
$H = U + pV$, where $U$ is internal energy, $p$ is pressure and $V$ is volume.
Entalpi
Entalpie
Enthalpie
entalpia
entalpie
entalpija
entalpía
enthalpie
enthalpy
энтальпия
آنتالپی
محتوى حراري
पूर्ण ऊष्मा
エンタルピー
When a small amount of heat $dQ$ is received by a system whose thermodynamic temperature is $T$, the entropy of the system increases by $dQ/T$, provided that no irreversible change takes place in the system.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Entropy
Entropi
Entropie
entropi
entropia
entropie
entropija
entropy
entropía
Энтропия
آنتروپی
إنتروبيا
एन्ट्रॉपी
エントロピー
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
$K^\Theta = \Pi_B(\lambda_B^\Theta)^{-\nu_B}$, where $\Pi_B$ denotes the product for all substances $B$, $\lambda_B^\Theta$ is the standard absolute activity of substance $B$, and $\nu_B$ is the stoichiometric number of the substance $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EquilibriumConstant
Equilibrium Constant
Kc = ΠB(cB)νB for solutions
Kc = ΠB(cB)νB für Lösungen
equilibrium constant based on concentration
Kp = ΠB(pB)νB for gases
Kp = ΠB(pB)νB für Gase
equilibrium constant based on pressure
$K_c = \Pi_B(c_B)^{-\nu_B}$, for solutions
The unit is unit:MOL-PER-M3 raised to the N where N is the summation of stoichiometric numbers. I don't know what to do with this.
Equilibrium Constant on Concentration Basis
Equilibrium Constant on Pressure Basis
"Equilibrium Position Vector of Ion" is the position vector of a particle in equilibrium.
Equilibrium Position Vector of Ion
ratio of equivalence dose within an appropriately small interval to this interval, calculated as the differential quotient: q • D = q • ∂D/∂t as a measure of the current radiation exposure
Quotient aus der Äquivalenzdosis in einer angemessenen kleinen Zeitspanne und dieser Zeitspanne, berechenbar als Differentialquotient: q • D = q • ∂D/∂t als Maß für die aktuelle Strahlenbelastung
equivalence dose output
In a diffuse sound field, the Equivalent Absorption Area is that area of a surface having an absorption factor equal to 1, which, if diffraction effects are neglected, would, in the same diffuse sound field, absorb the same power.
Equivalent absorption area
"Equivalent Concentration" is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction, per volume.
The amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction, per volume.
Equivalent Concentration
"Equivalent Density" is the mass of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary mass of another substance in a given chemical reaction, per volume.
Equivalent Density
"Mass Equivalent" is the mass of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary mass of another substance in a given chemical reaction.
"Molar Equivalent" is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction.
Molar Equivalent
Evaporative Heat Transfer
"Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient" is the areic heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the water vapour pressure difference between skind and the environment, and by the exchange area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:EvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
"Exchange Integral" is the constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ExchangeIntegral
Exchange Integral
Exhaust Gas Mean Molecular Weight
Specific heat of exhaust gases at constant pressure.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacity
Exhaust Gases Specific Heat
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Power
Exhaust Stream Power
Cross-sectional area at exit plane of nozzle
Exit Plane Cross-sectional Area
Exit Plane Pressure
Exit Plane Temperature
Expansion Ratio
"Exposure" reflects the extent of ionization events taking place when air is irradiated by ionizing photons (gamma radiation and/or x rays). In photography, exposure is the amount of light allowed to fall on each area unit of a photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.
For X-or gamma radiation, $X = \frac{dQ}{dm}$, where $dQ$ is the absolute value of the mean total electric charge of the ions of the same sign produced in dry air when all the electrons and positrons liberated or created by photons in an element of air are completely stopped in air, and $dm$ is the mass of that element.
Exposure
measure of an electromagnetic radiation field to which a material is exposed in terms of ionization, which the radiation produces as reference material air, expressed as ratio of ∂Q and ∂m, where ∂Q is the absolute value of the total charge of the ions of one sign produced in the air of mass ∂m when all of the electrons (and positrons) liberated by photons in this mass element are completely stopped
Maß für die Wirkung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes auf Materie in Form der Ionisation, die die Strahlung im Referenzmaterial Luft erzeugt, ausgedrückt als Quotient aus ∂Q und ∂m, wobei ∂Q der Absolutwert der gesamten elektrischen Ladung der Ionen eines Vorzeichens ist, die in Luft der Masse ∂m gebildet wird, wenn in diesem Massenelement alle Elektronen (und Positronen), die durch die Photonen freigesetzt werden, komplett gestoppt werden
exposure of ionizing radiation
"Exposure Rate" expresses the rate of charge production per unit mass of air and is commonly expressed in roentgens per hour (R/h) or milliroentgens per hour (mR/h).
$\dot{X} = \frac{dX}{dt}$, where $X$ is the increment of exposure during time interval with duration $t$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ExposureRate
Exposure Rate
ratio between the exposure of ionizing radiation dJ in a time interval and the duration dt of this interval
Quotient Ionendosis dJ in einem Zeitintervall durch Dauer dt dieses Zeitintervalls
exposure rate of ionizing radiation
In physical chemistry, the "Extent of Reaction" is a quantity that measures the extent in which the reaction proceeds.
$dn_B = \nu_B d\xi$, where $n_B$ is the amount of substance $B$ and $\nu_B$ is the stoichiometric number of substance $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ExtentOfReaction
Extent of Reaction
A quantity of propellant, at a nominal mixture ratio, along with fuel bias that is set aside from total propellant loaded to cover for statistical variations of flight hardware characteristics and environment conditions on the day of launch. The launch vehicle is designed to accommodate the maximum FPR loading.
Flight Performance Reserve Propellant Mass
An additional quantity of fuel to ensure depletion of high-weight oxidizer before fuel for systems with high-oxidizer mixing ratios (e.g., 6:1). This practice allows for more efficient propellant utilization. Denoted as a percentage.
Fuel Bias
quantity whose zero point is defined by the temperature of a mixture of ice, water and ammonium chloride (-17.8 °C) and its fixed points on the Fahrenheit scale are 32 °F (melting point of ice) and 212 °F (boiling point of water)
Größe, deren Nullpunkt durch die Mischungstemperatur von Eis, Wasser und Salmiak (Ammoniumchlorid) definiert ist (-17,8 °C) und deren Fixpunkte auf der Fahrenheit-Skala 32 °F (Schmelztemperatur von Eis) und 212 °F (Siedetemperatur des Wassers) sind
Fahrenheit temperature
limiting value - if it exists - of the ratio between the conditional probability that the fault time t of a resource will fall within a defined interval (t, t + Δt), and the duration of this interval if Δt approaches zero and the unit is in an operational state at the beginning of the interval
Grenzwert - falls er existiert - des Quotienten aus der bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass der Ausfallzeitpunkt t eines Betriebsmittels in ein gegebenes Zeitintervall (t, t + Δt) fällt, und der Dauer dieses Zeitintervalls, wenn Δt gegen null geht und das Betriebsmittel sich zu Beginn des Zeitintervalls im betriebsfähigen Zustand befindet
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Incidence
failure rate
"Fast Fission Factor" in an infinite medium, is the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:FastFissionFactor
Fast Fission Factor
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:FermiAngularWavenumber
Fermi Angular Wavenumber
"Fermi Energy" in a metal is the highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature.
Fermi Energy
"Fermi Temperature" is the temperature associated with the Fermi energy.
$T_F = \frac{E_F}{k}$, where $E_F$ is the Fermi energy and $k$ is the Boltzmann constant.
Fermi Temperature
Final Or Current Vehicle Mass
The first moment of area is the summation of area times distance to an axis. It is a measure of the distribution of the area of a shape in relationship to an axis.
First Moment of Area
Mass ratio for the first stage of a multistage launcher.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassRatio
First Stage Mass Ratio
A time that quantifies how long its takes to transform 50% of a substance's total concentration from any concentration point in time in fish via whole body metabolic reactions.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:FishBiotransformationHalfLife
Fish Biotransformation Half Life
Fission Core Radius To Height Ratio
Fission Fuel Utilization Factor
The number of fission neutrons produced per absorption in the fuel.
Fission Multiplication Factor
A temperature that is the lowest one at which the vapours of a volatile material will ignite if exposed to an ignition source. It is frequently used to characterize fire hazards and distinguish different flammable fuels.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:FlashPoint
Flash Point Temperature
Flight path angle is defined in two different ways. To the aerodynamicist, it is the angle between the flight path vector (where the airplane is going) and the local atmosphere. To the flight crew, it is normally known as the angle between the flight path vector and the horizon, also known as the climb (or descent) angle.
Flight Path Angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:FloatingPointCalculationCapability
fluidity of a material as complement of the dynamic viscosity
Fließvermögen eines Stoffes als Kehrwert der dynamischen Viskosität
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Fluidity
fluidity
Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. [Wikipedia]
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Flux
Flux
"Force" is an influence that causes mass to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. Force is defined by Newton's Second Law as $F = m \times a $, where $F$ is force, $m$ is mass and $a$ is acceleration. Net force is mathematically equal to the time rate of change of the momentum of the body on which it acts. Since momentum is a vector quantity (has both a magnitude and direction), force also is a vector quantity.
$F = \frac{dp}{dt}$, where $F$ is the resultant force acting on a body, $p$ is momentum of a body, and $t$ is time.
Daya
Kraft
Síla
erő
force
forza
força
forță
fuerza
kuvvet
sila
siła
vis
Δύναμη
Сила
сила
כוח
نیرو
وحدة القوة في نظام متر كيلوغرام ثانية
भार
The 'magnitude' of a force is its 'size' or 'strength', regardless of the direction in which it acts.
Force Magnitude
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ForcePerAngle
Force per Angle
The force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)
Force Per Area
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ForcePerAreaTime
Force Per Area Time
The electric field depicts the force exerted on other electrically charged objects by the electrically charged particle the field is surrounding. The electric field is a vector field with SI units of newtons per coulomb ($N C^{-1}$) or, equivalently, volts per metre ($V m^{-1}$ ). The SI base units of the electric field are $kg m s^{-3} A^{-1}$. The strength or magnitude of the field at a given point is defined as the force that would be exerted on a positive test charge of 1 coulomb placed at that point
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ForcePerElectricCharge
Force per Electric Charge
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ForcePerLength
Force per Length
"Frequency" is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. The repetition of the events may be periodic (that is. the length of time between event repetitions is fixed) or aperiodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions varies). Therefore, we distinguish between periodic and aperiodic frequencies. In the SI system, periodic frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or multiples of hertz, while aperiodic frequency is measured in becquerel (Bq). In spectroscopy, $\nu$ is mostly used. Light passing through different media keeps its frequency, but not its wavelength or wavenumber.
$f = 1/T$, where $T$ is a period. Alternatively, $\nu = 1/T$
Frekuensi
Frekvence
Frequenz
częstotliwość
frecuencia
frecvență
frekans
frekvenca
frekvencia
frequency
frequentia
frequenza
frequência
fréquence
Συχνότητα
Частота
Честота
תדירות
التردد لدى نظام الوحدات الدولي
بسامد
आवृत्ति
周波数
频率
"Friction" is the force of two surfaces In contact, or the force of a medium acting on a moving object (that is air on an aircraft). When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.
Friction
"Friction Coefficient" is the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together
Friction Coefficient
"Fugacity" of a real gas is an effective pressure which replaces the true mechanical pressure in accurate chemical equilibrium calculations. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same chemical potential as the real gas.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Fugacity
Fugasiti
Fugazität
Lotność
fugacidad
fugacidade
fugacita
fugacitate
fugacity
fugacità
fugacité
fügasite
انفلاتية
بی‌دوامی
フガシティー
逸度
"Fundamental Lattice vector" are fundamental translation vectors for the crystal lattice.
Fundamental Lattice vector
"Fundamental Reciprocal Lattice Vector" are fundamental, or primary, translation vectors the reciprocal lattice.
Fundamental Reciprocal Lattice Vector
The "g-Factor of Nucleus" is associated with the spin and magnetic moments of protons, neutrons, and many nuclei.
$g = \frac{\mu}{I\mu_B}$, where $\mu$ is the magnitude of magnetic dipole moment, $I$ is the nuclear angular momentum quantum number, and $\mu_B$ is the Bohr magneton.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GFactorOfNucleus
g-Factor of Nucleus
The sum of a rocket's inert mass and usable fluids and gases at sea level.
Gross Lift-Off Weight
A general term used to denote an increase in signal power or signal strength in transmission from one point to another. Gain is usually expressed in decibels and is widely used to denote transducer gain. An increase or amplification. In radar there are two general usages of the term: (a) antenna gain, or gain factor, is the ratio of the power transmitted along the beam axis to that of an isotropic radiator transmitting the same total power; (b) receiver gain, or video gain, is the amplification given a signal by the receiver.
Gain
"Gap Energy" is the difference in energy between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band. It is an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist.
Gap Energy
ratio of the pV value of a gas (product of pressure and volume of a given quantity of gas at the respective temperature) flowing through a pipe cross-section during a time interval and the related interval
Quotient aus dem pV-Wert eines Gases (Produkt aus Druck und Volumen einer bestimmten Menge eines Gases bei der jeweils herrschenden Temperatur), das während einer Zeitspanne durch einen Leitungsquerschnitt strömt, und der zugehörigen Zeitspanne
gas leak rate
Gauge Pressure is the pressure of a system relative to the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. It is the difference between the absolute pressure and the atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure is positive for pressures above atmospheric pressure and negative for pressures below it. A Quantity in QUDT having a QuantityKind of GaugePressure would typically also assert the value of qudt:isDeltaQuantity to be true, indicating that the value is a difference between two pressures.
Gauge Pressure
The abundance of each gene family in the community. Gene families are groups of evolutionarily-related protein-coding sequences that often perform similar functions. Gene family abundance is reported in RPK (reads per kilobase) units to normalize for gene length.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GeneFamilyAbundance
Gene Family Abundance
Generalized Coordinates refers to the parameters that describe the configuration of the system relative to some reference configuration. These parameters must uniquely define the configuration of the system relative to the reference configuration.
$q_i$, where $q_i$ is one of the coordinates that is used to describe the position of the system under consideration, and $N$ is the lowest number of coordinates necessary to fully define the position of the system.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GeneralizedCoordinate
Generalized Coordinate
Generalized Forces find use in Lagrangian mechanics, where they play a role conjugate to generalized coordinates.
$\delta A = \sum Q_i\delta q_i$, where $A$ is work and $q_i$ is a generalized coordinate.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GeneralizedForce
Generalized Force
Generalized Momentum, also known as the canonical or conjugate momentum, extends the concepts of both linear momentum and angular momentum. To distinguish it from generalized momentum, the product of mass and velocity is also referred to as mechanical, kinetic or kinematic momentum.
$p_i = \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q_i}}$, where $L$ is the Langrange function and $\dot{q_i}$ is a generalized velocity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GeneralizedMomentum
Generalized Velocities are the time derivatives of the generalized coordinates of the system.
$\dot{q_i} = \frac{dq_i}{dt}$, where $q_i$ is the generalized coordinate and $t$ is time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GeneralizedVelocity
Generalized Velocity
$\textit{Internal Energy}$ is one of the potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state. The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure. $\textit{Internal Energy}$ is the internal energy of the system, $\textit{Enthalpy}$ is the internal energy of the system plus the energy related to pressure-volume work, and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively. The name $\textit{Gibbs Free Energy}$ is also used.
$G = H - T \cdot S$, where $H$ is enthalpy, $T$ is thermodynamic temperature and $S$ is entropy.
Gibbs Energy is one of the potentials used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state. The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure. $\textit{Internal Energy} is the internal energy of the system, Enthalpy is the internal energy of the system plus the energy related to pressure-volume work, and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively. The name Gibbs Free Energy is also used.
Energía de Gibbs
Entalpie liberă
Gibbs Serbest Enerjisi
Gibbs energy
Gibbsova volná energie
Prosta entalpija
Tenaga Gibbs
energia libera di Gibbs
energia livre de Gibbs
entalpia swobodna
enthalpie libre
freie Enthalpie
энергия Гиббса
انرژی آزاد گیبس
طاقة غيبس الحرة
ギブズエネルギー
吉布斯自由能
Gibbs function
Gibbs-Energie
Gibbs-Funktion
fungsi Gibbs
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Gradient
An "Grand Canonical Partition Function" for a grand canonical ensemble, a system that can exchange both heat and particles with the environment, which has a constant temperature and a chemical potential.
$\Xi = \sum_{N_A, N_B, ...} Z(N_A, N_B, ...) \cdot \lambda_A^{N_A} \cdot \lambda_B^{N_B} \cdot ...$, where $Z(N_A, N_B, ...)$ is the canonical partition function for the given number of particles $A, B, ...,$, and $\lambda_A, \lambda_B, ...$ are the absolute activities of particles $A, B, ...$.
Grand Canonical Partition Function
The force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; the more remote the body the less the gravity; the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Gravitational Attraction
In a dispersive medium sound speed is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. The spatial and temporal distribution of a propagating disturbance will continually change. The group speed of sound describes the propagation of the disturbance.
$c_g = \frac{d\omega}{dk}$, where $\omega$ is the angular frequency and $k$ is angular wavenumber.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GroupSpeedOfSound
Group Speed of Sound
The sum of excess temperature over 5.5°C, where the temperature is the mean of the minimum and maximum atmospheric temperature in a day. This measure is appropriate for most cereal crops.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GrowingDegreeDay
Growing Degree Days (Cereals)
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TimeTemperature
"Gruneisen Parameter" named after Eduard Grüneisen, describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
$\gamma = \frac{\alpha_V}{x_T c_V\rho}$, where $\alpha_V$ is the cubic expansion coefficient, $x_T$ is isothermal compressibility, $c_V$ is specific heat capacity at constant volume, and $\rho$ is mass density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:GruneisenParameter
Gruneisen Parameter
"Gustatory Threshold" are thresholds for classes of taste that can be detected by the human mouth and thresholds of sensitivity to foods, drinks and other substances.
Gustatory Threshold
$\textit{Gyromagnetic Ratio}$, also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio in other disciplines, of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic dipole moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol, $\gamma$. Its SI units are radian per second per tesla ($rad s^{-1} \cdot T^{1}$) or, equivalently, coulomb per kilogram ($C \cdot kg^{-1}$).
$\mu = \gamma J$, where $\mu$ is the magnetic dipole moment, and $J$ is the total angular momentum.
Gyromagnetic Ratio
The "Half-Life" is the average duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
Halbwertszeit
Poločas rozpadu
Separuh hayat
half-life
meia-vida
semiperiodo
tempo di dimezzamento
temps de demi-vie
yarılanma süresi
نیمه عمر
半衰期
semivita
The "Half-Value Thickness" is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half.
Half-Value Thickness
"Hall Coefficient" is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field.
In an isotropic conductor, the relation between electric field strength, $E$, and electric current density, $J$ is $E = \rho J + R_H(B X J)$, where $\rho$ is resistivity, and $B$ is magnetic flux density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HallCoefficient
Hall Coefficient
The Hamilton–Jacobi equation (HJE) is a necessary condition describing extremal geometry in generalizations of problems from the calculus of variations.
$H = \sum p_i\dot{q_i} - L$, where $p_i$ is a generalized momentum, $\dot{q_i}$ is a generalized velocity, and $L$ is the Lagrange function.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HamiltonFunction
Hamilton Function
Head End Pressure
The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually per minute. The heart rate is based on the number of contractions of the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). The heart rate may be too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia). The average adult pulse rate at rest is 60–80 per minute, but exercise, injury, illness, and emotion may produce much faster rates.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HeartRate
Heart Rate
"Heat" is the energy transferred by a thermal process. Heat can be measured in terms of the dynamical units of energy, as the erg, joule, etc., or in terms of the amount of energy required to produce a definite thermal change in some substance, as, for example, the energy required per degree to raise the temperature of a unit mass of water at some temperature ( calorie, Btu).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalEnergy
Wärme
calor
calore
cantitate de căldură
ciepło
heat
jednotka tepla
kuantiti haba Haba
labor
quantidade de calor
quantité de chaleur
toplota
ısı miktarı
Теплота
حرارة
کمیت گرما
ऊष्मा
热量
熱量
Wärmemenge
amount of heat
chaleur
jumlah haba
quantità di calore
"Heat Capacity" (usually denoted by a capital $C$, often with subscripts), or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount. In the International System of Units (SI), heat capacity is expressed in units of joule(s) (J) per kelvin (K).
$C = dQ/dT$, where $Q$ is amount of heat and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HeatCapacity
Wärmekapazität
capacidad calorífica
capacidade térmica
capacitate termică
capacità termica
capacité thermique
heat capacity
isı kapasitesi
muatan haba
pojemność cieplna
tepelná kapacita
toplotna kapaciteta
теплоёмкость
سعة حرارية
ظرفیت گرمایی
ऊष्मा धारिता
热容
熱容量
The heat capacity ratio, or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure ($C_P$) to heat capacity at constant volume ($C_V$). For an ideal gas, the heat capacity is constant with temperature ($\theta$). Accordingly we can express the enthalpy as $H = C_P*\theta$ and the internal energy as $U = C_V \cdot \theta$. Thus, it can also be said that the heat capacity ratio is the ratio between enthalpy and internal energy.
Heat Capacity Ratio
The rate of heat flow between two systems is measured in watts (joules per second). The formula for rate of heat flow is $\bigtriangleup Q / \bigtriangleup t = -K \times A \times \bigtriangleup T/x$, where $\bigtriangleup Q / \bigtriangleup t$ is the rate of heat flow; $-K$ is the thermal conductivity factor; A is the surface area; $\bigtriangleup T$ is the change in temperature and $x$ is the thickness of the material. $\bigtriangleup T/ x$ is called the temperature gradient and is always negative because of the heat of flow always goes from more thermal energy to less).
Heat Flow Rate
$\textit{Heat Flux}$ is the heat rate per area. In SI units, heat flux is measured in $W/m^2$. Heat rate is a scalar quantity, while heat flux is a vectorial quantity. To define the heat flux at a certain point in space, one takes the limiting case where the size of the surface becomes infinitesimally small.
Heat Flow Rate per Unit Area
Heat Flux Density
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificEnergy
Calorific Value
Energy Value
Heating Value
"Height" is the measurement of vertical distance, but has two meanings in common use. It can either indicate how "tall" something is, or how "high up" it is.
Höhe
Ketinggian
Výška
altezza
altura
hauteur
height
yükseklik
Înălțime
высота
ارتفاع
高度
$\textit{Helmholtz Energy}$ is one of the potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state. The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure. $\textit{Internal Energy}$ is the internal energy of the system, $\textit{Enthalpy}$ is the internal energy of the system plus the energy related to pressure-volume work, and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively. The name $\textit{Helmholz Free Energy}$ is also used.
$H = U - T \cdot S$, where $U$ is internal energy, $T$ is thermodynamic temperature and $S$ is entropy.
Energía de Helmholtz
Helmholtz energy
Helmholtz enerjisi
Helmholtzova volná energie
Prosta energija
Tenaga Helmholtz
energia libera di Helmholz
energia livre de Helmholtz
energia swobodna
freie Energie
énergie libre
свободная энергия Гельмгольца
انرژی آزاد هلمولتز
طاقة هلمهولتز الحرة
ヘルムホルツの自由エネルギー
亥姆霍兹自由能
Helmholtz fonksiyonu
Helmholtz function
Helmholtz-Energie
Helmholtz-Funktion
fungsi Helmholtz
A quantity kind that is a proportionality constant that relates the partial pressure of a gas above a liquid and the concentration of the gas dissolved in the liquid. The numerator contains the gaseous concentration and the denominator contains the liquid concentration.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HenrysLawVolatilityConstant
Henry's Law Volatility Constant
"Hole Density" is the number of holes per volume in a valence band.
Hole Density
Component of a projectile's velocity, which acts parallel to the ground and does not lift the projectile in the air.
Horizontal Velocity
Permeability is a property of porous materials that is an indication of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through them. Fluids can more easily flow through a material with high permeability than one with low permeability. The permeability of a medium is related to the porosity, but also to the shapes of the pores in the medium and their level of connectedness.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HydraulicPermeability
Hydraulic Permeability
Fluid Permeability
The "Hyperfine Structure Quantum Number" is a quantum number of an atom describing inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
Hyperfine Structure Quantum Number
The sum of the vehicle dry mass, residual fluids and gasses, personnel and personnel provisions, and cargo.
Inert Mass
Ignition interval time
Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the incident light, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception.
$E_v = \frac{d\Phi}{dA}$, where $d\Phi$ is the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface with area $dA$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousFluxPerArea
Beleuchtungsstärke
Intenzita osvětlení
Pencahayaan
aydınlanma şiddeti
illuminamento
illuminance
iluminamento
iluminare
luminosidad
megvilágítás
natężenie oświetlenia
osvetljenost
éclairement lumineux
Осветеност
Освещённость
הארה (שטף ליחידת שטח)
شدة الضوء
شدت روشنایی
प्रदीपन
照度
éclairement
"Impedance" is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to the passage of a current when a voltage is applied. In quantitative terms, it is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current in an alternating current (AC) circuit. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits, and possesses both magnitude and phase, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. When a circuit is driven with direct current (DC), there is no distinction between impedance and resistance; the latter can be thought of as impedance with zero phase angle.
$\underline{Z} = \underline{U} / \underline{I}$, where $\underline{U}$ is the voltage phasor and $\underline{I}$ is the electric current phasor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Impedance
Impedance
product of force and time
Produkt aus Kraft und Zeit
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Impulse
impulse
In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.
Incidence
Incidence proportion (also known as cumulative incidence) is the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the size of the population initially at risk. For example, if a population initially contains 1,000 non-diseased persons and 28 develop a condition over two years of observation, the incidence proportion is 28 cases per 1,000 persons per two years, i.e. 2.8% per two years.
Incidence Proportion
The incidence rate is a measure of the frequency with which a disease or other incident occurs over a specified time period. It is also known as the incidence density rate or person-time incidence rate, when the denominator is the combined person-time of the population at risk (the sum of the time duration of exposure across all persons exposed)
Incidence Rate
"Inductance" is an electromagentic quantity that characterizes a circuit's resistance to any change of electric current; a change in the electric current through induces an opposing electromotive force (EMF). Quantitatively, inductance is proportional to the magnetic flux per unit of electric current.
$L =\frac{\Psi}{I}$, where $I$ is an electric current in a thin conducting loop, and $\Psi$ is the linked flux caused by that electric current.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Inductance
Inductance électrique
Indukstans
Induktivität
Indukčnost
inductance
inductancia
inductantia
inductanță
indukcyjność
induktivitás
induktivnost
induttanza
indutância
İndüktans
Индуктивност
Индуктивность
השראות
القاوری
المحاثة (التحريض)
प्रेरकत्व
インダクタンス・誘導係数
电感
Induktiviti
inductivity
The "Infinite Multiplication Factor" is the multiplication factor for an infinite medium or for an infinite repeating lattice.
Infinite Multiplication Factor
I(xi) as the information content I(xi) of a result xi (e.g. the occurrence of a character xi) is the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the probability p(xi) of its occurrence, i.e.: l(x) lg 1/p(x) Hart, where p(x) is the probability of the event x
(xi) als der Informationsgehalt I(xi) eines Ergebnisses xi (z. B. das Auftreten eines Zeichens xi) ist der dekatischer Logarithmus des Kehrwertes der Wahrscheinlichkeit p (xi) für sein eintreten, also: l(x) lg 1/p(x) Hart, dabei ist p(x) die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Ereignisses x
information content expressed as a logarithm to base 10
I(xi) as the information content I(xi) of a result xi (e.g. the occurrence of a character xi) is the binary logarithm of the reciprocal of the probability p(xi) of its occurrence, i.e.: l(x) lb 1/p(x) Sh, where p(x) is the probability of the event x
I(xi) als der Informationsgehalt I(xi) eines Ergebnisses xi (z. B. das Auftreten eines Zeichens xi) ist der binäre Logarithmus des Kehrwertes der Wahrscheinlichkeit p (xi) für sein eintreten, also: l(x) = lb 1/p(x) Sh, dabei ist p(x) die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Ereignisses x
information content expressed as a logarithm to base 2
I(xi) as the information content I(xi) of a result xi (e.g. the occurrence of a character xi) is the natural logarithm of the reciprocal of the probability p(xi) of its occurrence, i.e.: l(x) ln 1/p(x) nat, where p(x) is the probability of the event x
I(xi) als der Informationsgehalt I(xi) eines Ergebnisses xi (z. B. das Auftreten eines Zeichens xi) ist der natürliche Logarithmus des Kehrwertes der Wahrscheinlichkeit p (xi) für sein eintreten, also: l(x) = ln 1/p(x) nat, dabei ist p(x) die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Ereignisses x
information content expressed as a logarithm to base e
Information Entropy is a concept from information theory. It tells how much information there is in an event. In general, the more uncertain or random the event is, the more information it will contain. The concept of information entropy was created by a mathematician. He was named Claude Elwood Shannon. It has applications in many areas, including lossless data compression, statistical inference, cryptography and recently in other disciplines as biology, physics or machine learning.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InformationEntropy
Information Entropy
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InformationFlowRate
Information flow rate
Initial Expansion Ratio
Initial Nozzle Throat Diameter
Initial Vehicle Mass
The velocity of a moving body at starting; especially, the velocity of a projectile as it leaves the mouth of a firearm from which it is discharged.
Initial Velocity
For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit with terminals A and B, $\textit{Instantaneous Power}$ is the product of the voltage $u_{AB}$ between the terminals and the electric current i in the element or circuit: $$p = u_{AB} \cdot i$$ Where $u_{AB}$ is the line integral of the electric field strength from A to B, and where the electric current in the element or circuit is taken positive if its direction is from A to B and negative in the opposite case. $$$$ For an n-terminal circuit, it is the sum of the instantaneous powers relative to the n - 1 pairs of terminals when one of the terminals is chosen as a common terminal for the pairs. $$$$ For a polyphase element, it is the sum of the instantaneous powers in all phase elements of a polyphase element. $$$$ For a polyphase line consisting of m line conductors and one neutral conductor, it is the sum of the m instantaneous powers expressed for each line conductor by the product of the polyphase line-to-neutral voltage and the corresponding line current.
Instantaneous Power
The "InternalConversionFactor" describes the rate of internal conversion. It is the ratio of the number of internal conversion electrons to the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InternalConversionFactor
InternalConversionFactor
"Internal Energy" is simply its energy. "internal" refers to the fact that some energy contributions are not considered. For instance, when the total system is in uniform motion, it has kinetic energy. This overall kinetic energy is never seen as part of the internal energy; one could call it external energy. Or, if the system is at constant non-zero height above the surface the Earth, it has constant potential energy in the gravitational field of the Earth. Gravitational energy is only taken into account when it plays a role in the phenomenon of interest, for instance in a colloidal suspension, where the gravitation influences the up- downward motion of the small particles comprising the colloid. In all other cases, gravitational energy is assumed not to contribute to the internal energy; one may call it again external energy.
For a closed thermodynamic system, $\Delta U = Q + W$, where $Q$ is amount of heat transferred to the system and $W$ is work done on the system provided that no chemical reactions occur.
Internal Energy
"Intrinsic Carrier Density" is proportional to electron and hole densities.
$np = n_i^2$, where $n$ is electron density and $p$ is hole density.
Intrinsic Carrier Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseAmountOfSubstance
Inverse amount of substance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseEnergy
Inverse Energy
Inverse Square Energy
Reciprocal length or inverse length is a measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics. As the reciprocal of length, common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal metre or inverse metre ($m^{-1}$), the reciprocal centimetre or inverse centimetre ($cm^{-1}$), and, in optics, the dioptre.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseLength
Inverse Length
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseLengthTemperature
Inverse Length Temperature
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseMagneticFlux
Inverse Magnetic Flux
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseMass
Inverse Square Mass
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InversePermittivity
Inverse Permittivity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InversePressure
Inverse Pressure
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseSquareEnergy
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseSquareMass
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseSquareTime
Inverse Square Time
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseTemperature
Inverse Temperature
Inverse Time
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseTimeTemperature
Inverse Time Temperature
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:InverseVolume
Inverse Volume
"Ion Concentration" is the number of moles of ions per volume. This is the same physical concept as IonDensity, but with the dimensionality of moles per volume rather than number per volume.
Ion Concentration
An ion current is the influx and/or efflux of ions through an ion channel.
Ion Current
"Ion Density" is the number of ions per unit volume.
$n^+ = \frac{N^+}{V}$, $n^- = \frac{N^-}{V}$ where $N^+$ and $N^-$ are the number of positive and negative ions, respectively, in a 3D domain with volume $V$.
Ion Density
The "Ion Transport Number" is a quantity which indicates the different contribution of ions to the electric current in electrolytes due to different electrical mobility.
$t_B = \frac{i_B}{i}$, where $i_B$ is the electric current carried by the ion $B$ and $i$ is the total electric current.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:IonTransportNumber
Ion Transport Number
The total charge of an ion. The charge of an electron; the charge of any ion is equal to this electron charge in magnitude, or is an integral multiple of it.
Ionic Charge
The "Ionic Strength" of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution.
$I = \frac{1}{2} \sum z_i^2 b_i$, where the summation is carried out over all ions with charge number $z_i$ and molality $m_i$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:IonicStrength
Ionic Strength
"Ionization Energy" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at a certain energy level. The amount of energy required to remove an electron from that atom or molecule in the gas phase.
Ionization Energy
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
$E = \frac{d\Phi}{dA}$, where $d\Phi$ is the radiant flux incident on an element of the surface with area $dA$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Irradiance
Bestrahlungsstärke
Intenzita záření
Kepenyinaran
irradiance
irradiancia
irradianza
irradiância
yoğunluk
éclairement énergétique
Поверхностная плотность потока энергии
الطاقة الهلامية
پرتو افکنی/چگالی تابش
熱流束
辐照度
koyuluk
$\textit{Isentropic compressibility}$ is the extent to which a material reduces its volume when it is subjected to compressive stresses at a constant value of entropy.
$\varkappa_S = \frac{1}{V}\left (\frac{\partial V}{\partial p} \right )_S$, where $V$ is volume, $p$ is $pressure$, and $S$ is entropy,
Isentropic compressibility is the extent to which a material reduces its volume when it is subjected to compressive stresses at a constant value of entropy.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:IsentropicCompressibility
Isentropic Compressibility
$\textit{Isentropic Exponent}$ is a variant of $\textit{Specific Heat Ratio Capacities}$. For an ideal gas $\textit{Isentropic Exponent}$, $\varkappa$. is equal to $\gamma$, the ratio of its specific heat capacities $c_p$ and $c_v$ under steady pressure and volume.
$\varkappa = -\frac{V}{p}\left \{ \frac{\partial p}{\partial V}\right \}_S$, where $V$ is volume, $p$ is pressure, and $S$ is entropy.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:IsentropicExponent
Coefficiente di dilatazione adiabatica
Coeficient de transformare adiabatică
Coeficiente de dilatación adiabática
Coeficiente de expansão adiabática
Isentropenexponent
Poissonova konstanta
Wykładnik adiabaty
adiabatni eksponent
exposant isoentropique
isentropic exponent
ısı sığası oranı; adyabatik indeks
Показатель адиабаты
نسبة السعة الحرارية
比熱比
绝热指数
indice adiabatico
indice adiabatique
The isothermal compressibility defines the rate of change of system volume with pressure.
$\varkappa_T = \frac{1}{V}\left (\frac{\partial V}{\partial p} \right )_T$, where $V$ is volume, $p$ is $pressure$, and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:IsothermalCompressibility
Izotermna stisljivost
Ketermampatan isotermik
compresibilidad isotérmica
compressibilidade isotérmica
compressibilité isotherme
comprimibilità isotermica
isothermal compressibility
isotherme Kompressibilität
objemová stlačitelnost
ściśliwość izotermiczna
изотермический коэффициент сжимаемости
ضریب تراکم‌پذیری همدما
معامل الانضغاط عند ثبوت درجة الحرارة
等温压缩率
等温圧縮率
"Isothermal Moisture Capacity" is the capacity of a material to absorb moisture in the Effective Moisture Penetration Depth (EMPD) model.
Isothermal Moisture Capacity
"Kerma" is the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation (i.e., indirectly ionizing radiation such as photons and neutrons) in a sample of matter, divided by the mass of the sample.
For indirectly ionizing (uncharged) particles, $K= \frac{dE_{tr}}{dm}$, where $dE_{tr}$ is the mean sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged ionizing particles liberated by uncharged ionizing particles in an element of matter, and $dm$ is the mass of that element.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Kerma
Kerma
"Kerma Rate" is the kerma per unit time.
$\dot{K} = \frac{dK}{dt}$, where $K$ is the increment of kerma during time interval with duration $t$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:KermaRate
Kerma Rate
The ratio of the viscosity of a liquid to its density. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. In many situations, we are concerned with the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous force (that is the Reynolds number), the former characterized by the fluid density $\rho$. This ratio is characterized by the kinematic viscosity (Greek letter $\nu$), defined as follows: $\nu = \mu / \rho$. The SI unit of $\nu$ is $m^{2}/s$. The SI unit of $\nu$ is $kg/m^{1}$.
$\nu = \frac{\eta}{\rho}$, where $\eta$ is dynamic viscosity and $\rho$ is mass density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:KinematicViscosity
Kelikatan kinematik
Kinematik akmazlık
Viscozitate cinematică
kinematic viscosity
kinematische Viskosität
kinematična viskoznost
lepkość kinematyczna
viscosidad cinemática
viscosidade cinemática
viscosità cinematica
viscosité cinématique
кинематическую вязкость
گرانروی جنبشی/ویسکوزیته جنبشی
运动粘度
ratio of the dynamic viscosity and the density of a material measured at the same temperature, or ratio of the diffusion current density and carrier density gradient, or ratio of thermal conductivity divided by heat capacity
Quotient aus der dynamischen Viskosität und der Dichte eines Stoffes oder Quotient Diffusionsstromdichte durch Gradient der Ladungsträgerdichte oder Quotient Wärmeleitfähigkeit durch Wärmekapazität
kinematic viscosity or diffusion constant or thermal diffusivity
$\textit{Kinetic Energy}$ is the energy which a body possesses as a consequence of its motion, defined as one-half the product of its mass $m$ and the square of its speed $v$, $ \frac{1}{2} mv^{2} $. The kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid parcel is the $ \frac{1}{2} p v^{2}$ , where $p$ is the density and $v$ the speed of the parcel. See potential energy. For relativistic speeds the kinetic energy is given by $E_k = mc^2 - m_0 c^2$, where $c$ is the velocity of light in a vacuum, $m_0$ is the rest mass, and $m$ is the moving mass.
$T = \frac{mv^2}{2}$, where $m$ is mass and $v$ is speed.
Kinetic Energy
energy presented in the movement of a body, composed of translation and rotation energies, determined by the movement of this body compared to another system and by its mass (mass distribution) or energy in the terms of heat
Energie, die in der Bewegung eines Körpers steckt und sich aus Translationsenergie und Rotationsenergie zusammen setzt, die durch die Bewegung dieses Körpers gegenüber einem anderen System und durch seine Masse (Massenverteilung) bestimmt wird oder Energie in Form von Wärme
kinetic or thermal energy
The Lagrange Function is a function that summarizes the dynamics of the system.
$L(q_i, \dot{q_i}) = T(q_i, \dot{q_i}) - V(q_i)$, where $T$ is kinetic energy, $V$ is potential energy, $q_i$ is a generalized coordinate, and $\dot{q_i}$ is a generalized velocity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LagrangeFunction
Lagrange Function
"Landau-Ginzburg Number", also known as the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, describes the relationship between London penetration depth and coherence length.
At zero thermodynamic temperature $\kappa = \frac{\lambda_L}{(\varepsilon\sqrt{2})}$, where $\lambda_L$ is London penetration depth and $\varepsilon$ is coherence length.
Landau-Ginzburg Number
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LandauGinzburgNumber
The "Lande g-Factor" is a particular example of a g-factor, namely for an electron with both spin and orbital angular momenta. It is named after Alfred Landé, who first described it in 1921.
$g = \frac{\mu}{J\mu_B}$, where $\mu$ is the magnitude of magnetic dipole moment, $J$ is the total angular momentum quantum number, and $\mu_B$ is the Bohr magneton.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LandeGFactor
Lande g-Factor
The "Larmor Frequency" describes angular momentum vector precession about the external field axis with an angular frequency.
$\omega_L = \frac{e}{2m_e}B$, where $e$ is the elementary charge, $m_e$ is the rest mass of electron, and $B$ is the magnetic flux density.
"Lattice Plane Spacing" is the distance between successive lattice planes.
Lattice Plane Spacing
"Lattice Vector" is a translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself.
Lattice Vector
"Leakage Factor" is the ratio of the total magnetic flux to the useful magnetic flux of a magnetic circuit.
$\sigma = 1 - k^2$, where $k$ is the coupling factor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LeakageFactor
Leakage Factor
In geometric measurements, length most commonly refers to the longest dimension of an object. In some contexts, the term "length" is reserved for a certain dimension of an object along which the length is measured.
Délka
Länge
Panjang
comprimento
dolžina
długość
hossz
length
longitud
longitudo
longueur
lunghezza
lungime
uzunluk
Μήκος
Длина
Дължина
אורך
طول
लम्बाई
長さ
长度
Length Force
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LengthEnergy
Length Energy
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LengthMass
Length Mass
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LengthMolarEnergy
Length Molar Energy
Length per Electric Current
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LengthRatio
Length Ratio
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LengthTemperature
Length Temperature
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LengthTemperatureTime
Length Temperature Time
The "Lethargy" is a dimensionless logarithm of the ratio of the energy of source neutrons to the energy of neutrons after a collision.
$u = \ln(\frac{E_0}{E})$, where $E_0$ is a reference energy.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Lethargy
Lethargy
The "Level Width" is the uncertainty in the energy of a quantum-mechanical system having discrete energy levels in a state that is not strictly stationary. The system may be an atom, a molecule, or an atomic nucleus.
$\Gamma = \frac{\hbar}{\tau}$, where $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant and $\tau$ is the mean lifetime.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LevelWidth
Level Width
The lift coefficient is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the lift generated by a lifting body, the dynamic pressure of the fluid flow around the body, and a reference area associated with the body.
Lift Coefficient
The lift force, lifting force or simply lift is the sum of all the forces on a body that force it to move perpendicular to the direction of flow.
Lift Force
The Linear Absorption Coefficient is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.
$\alpha(\lambda) = \frac{1}{\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)}\frac{d\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)}{dl}$, where $\frac{d\Phi}{\Phi}$ is the relative decrease, caused by absorption, in the spectral radiant flux $\Phi$ of a collimated beam of electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the wavelength $\lambda$ during traversal of an infinitesimal layer of a medium and $dl$ is the length traversed.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearAbsorptionCoefficient
Linear Absorption Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearAcceleration
Linear Acceleration
"Linear Attenuation Coefficient", also called the attenuation coefficient, narrow beam attenuation coefficient, or absorption coefficient, is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.
$\mu = -\frac{1}{J}\frac{dJ}{dx}$, where $J$ is the magnitude of the current rate of a beam of particles parallel to the $x-direction$. Or: $\mu(\lambda) = \frac{1}{\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)}\frac{d\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)}{dl}$, where $\frac{d\Phi}{\Phi}$ is the relative decrease in the spectral radiant flux $\Phi$ of a collimated beam of electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the wavelength $\lambda$ during traversal of an infinitesimal layer of a medium and $dl$ is the length traversed.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearAttenuationCoefficient
Linear Attenuation Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearBitDensity
Linear Compressibility is a measure of the relative length change of a solid as a response to a normal force change.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearCompressibility
Linear Compressibility
The Linear density, linear mass density or linear mass is a measure of mass per unit of length, and it is a characteristic of strings or other one-dimensional objects.
$\rho_l = \frac{dm}{dl}$, where $m$ is mass and $l$ is length.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearDensity
Linear Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearElectricChargeDensity
"Linear Electric Linear Current" is the electric current per unit line.
Linear Electric Current
"Linear Electric Linear Current Density" is the electric current per unit length. Electric current, $I$, through a curve $C$ is defined as $I = \int_C J _s \times e_n$, where $e_n$ is a unit vector perpendicular to the surface and line vector element, and $dr$ is the differential of position vector $r$.
$J_s = \rho_A v$, where $\rho_A$ is surface density of electric charge and $v$ is velocity.
Linear Electric Current Density
"Linear Energy Transfer" (LET) is the linear density of energy lost by a charged ionizing particle travelling through matter.Typically, this measure is used to quantify the effects of ionizing radiation on biological specimens or electronic devices.
For ionizing charged particles, $L_\Delta = \frac{dE_\Delta}{dl}$, where $dE_\Delta$ is the mean energy lost in elctronic collisions locally to matter along a small path through the matter, minus the sum of the kinetic energies of all the electrons released with kinetic energies in excess of $\Delta$, and $dl$ is the length of that path.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearEnergyTransfer
Linear Energy Transfer
$\alpha_l = \frac{1}{l} \; \frac{dl}{dT}$, where $l$ is $length$ and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearExpansionCoefficient
coefficient de dilatation linéique
coefficiente di dilatazione lineare
coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear
coeficiente de expansión térmica lineal
linear expansion coefficient
linearer Ausdehnungskoeffizient
współczynnik liniowej rozszerzalności cieplnej
معدل التمدد الحراري الخطي
線熱膨張係数
线性热膨胀系数
Another name for Force Per Length, used by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard.
Linear Force
Streckenlast
"Linear Ionization" is a description of how the ionization of an atom or molecule takes place. For example, an ion with a +2 charge can be created only from an ion with a +1 charge or a +3 charge. That is, the numerical charge of an atom or molecule must change sequentially, always moving from one number to an adjacent, or sequential, number. Using sequential ionization definition.
$N_{il} = \frac{1}{e}\frac{dQ}{dl}$, where $e$ is the elementary charge and $dQ$ is the average total charge of all positive ions produced over an infinitesimal element of the path with length $dl$ by an ionizing charged particle.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearIonization
Linear Ionization
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearLogarithmicRatio
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearMass
Linear momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its linear velocity. The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.The SI unit for linear momentum is meter-kilogram per second ($m-kg/s$).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearMomentum
Linear Momentum
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearResistance
Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force. Linear Stiffness is the term used in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard.
A strain is a normalized measure of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length.
$\xi = \frac{\Delta l}{l_0}$, where $\Delta l$ is the increase in length and $l_0$ is the length in a reference state to be specified.
Linear Strain
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion. Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by: linear thermal expansion, area thermal expansion, or volumetric thermal expansion.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearThermalExpansion
Linear Thermal Expansion
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearTorque
Linear Velocity, as the name implies deals with speed in a straight line, the units are often $km/hr$ or $m/s$ or $mph$ (miles per hour). Linear Velocity (v) = change in distance/change in time, where $v = \bigtriangleup d/\bigtriangleup t$
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LinearVelocity
Linear Velocity
ratio identifying the relationship between induced voltage and velocity
Verhältnis, das den Zusammenhang zwischen induzierter Spannung zur Geschwindigkeit kennzeichnet
linear voltage coefficient
electric charge divided by related length
elektrische Ladung dividiert durch dazugehörige Länge
lineic charge
number of data, usually dependent on the respective information complexity or its coding procedure, divided by the related length
Anzahl von Daten, die in der Regel abhängig von der jeweiligen Komplexität der Information oder deren Codierungsverfahren ist, dividiert durch die zugehörige Länge
lineic data volume
logarithm of the relationship between the value of a given quantity and the quantity of a reference value of the same type divided by the related length
Logarithmus des Verhältnisses des Werts einer gegebenen Größe zum Wert einer Bezugsgröße gleicher Art dividiert durch die zugehörige Länge
lineic logarithmic ratio
ratio between mass divided by the related length
Quotient Masse dividiert durch die dazugehörige Länge
lineic mass
power divided by the associated length
Leistung dividiert durch die zugehörige Länge
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LineicPower
lineic power
lineic quantity
ratio of resistance divided by length
Quotient Widerstand durch Länge
lineic resistance
graphic resolution capacity of output devices such as printers or of data acquisition such as scanners, as a number of pixels per length
grafisches Auflösungsvermögen von Ausgabegeräten wie Druckern oder von Datenerfassungsgeräten wie Scannern als Anzahl der Bildpunkte je Länge
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LineicResolution
lineic resolution
torque divided by the appropriate length
Drehmoment dividiert durch die zugehörige Länge
lineic torque
"Linked Flux" is defined as the path integral of the magnetic vector potential. This is the line integral of a magnetic vector potential $A$ along a curve $C$. The line vector element $dr$ is the differential of position vector $r$.
$\Psi_m = \int_C A \cdot dr$, where $A$ is magnetic vector potential and $dr$ is the vector element of the curve $C$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticFlux
Linked Flux
Liquid volume is the volume of a given amount of liquid, that is, the amount of space a liquid takes up. There are a number of different units used to measure liquid volume, but most of them fall under either the metric system of measurement or the Imperial system of measurement.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LiquidVolume
Liquid Volume
logarithmic frequency interval to base 10
A dimensionless ratio that is the logarithm of the ratio of a compound's concentration within a two phase mixture of liquid octanol and gaseous air at equilibrium. More simply, it is a comparison of the solubilities of the compound solute in these two immiscible substances.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LogOctanolAirPartitionCoefficient
Octanol Air Partition Coefficient
A dimensionless ratio that is the logarithm of the ratio of a compound's concentration within a two phase mixture of octanol and water at equilibrium. More simply, it is a comparison of the solubilities of the compound solute in these two immiscible liquids. This property is used to measure the lipophilicity and the hydrophilicity of a substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LogOctanolWaterPartitionCoefficient
Logarithm of Octanol Water Partition Coefficient
common logarithm of the ratio between the value of a defined variable and the value of a reference variable of the same type
dekadischer Logarithmus des Verhältnisses des Werts einer gegebenen Größe zum Wert einer Bezugsgröße gleicher Art
logarithm ratio to base 10
napierian logarithm of the ratio between the value of a given quantity and the value of a reference variable of the same type (base of logarithm: e = 2.718...)
natürlicher Logarithmus des Verhältnisses des Werts einer gegebenen Größe zum Wert einer Bezugsgröße gleicher Art (Basis des Logarithmus: e = 2,718...)
logarithm ratio to base e
$G = \log_{2}(f2/f1)$, where $f1$ and $f2 \geq f1$ are frequencies of two tones.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LogarithmicFrequencyInterval
Frequenzmaßintervall
Interval měření frekvence ?
Selang kekerapan logaritma
intervalle de fréquence logarithmique
intervallo logaritmico di frequenza
intervalo logarítmico de frequência
logarithmic frequency interval
logaritmik frekans aralığı
частотный интервал
فاصله فرکانس لگاریتمی
对数频率间隔
common logarithm of the ratio of two frequencies, whereby the frequency that forms the numerator is greater than the frequency that forms the denominator
dekadischer Logarithmus des Quotienten aus zwei Frequenzen, wobei die im Zähler stehende Frequenz größer als die Frequenz im Nenner ist
ratio of the median information content divided by the expected value for the duration of a character, expressed as a logarithm to base e
Quotient mittlerer Informationsgehalt durch den Erwartungswert für die Dauer eines Zeichens, ausgedrückt als Logarithmus zur Basis e
median information flow (from a source of information), expressed as a natural logarithm
"London Penetration Depth" characterizes the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to 1/e times that of the magnetic field at the surface of the superconductor.
If an applied magnetic field is parallel to the plane surface of a semi-infinite superconductor, the field penetrates the superconductor according to the expression $B(x) = B(0) \exp{(\frac{-x}{\lambda_L})}$, where $B$ is magnetic flux density and $x$ is the distance from the surface.
London Penetration Depth
"Long-Range Order Parameter" is the fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
Long-Range Order Parameter
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LongRangeOrderParameter
"Lorenz Coefficient" is part mof the Lorenz curve.
$L = \frac{\lambda}{\sigma T}$, where $\lambda$ is thermal conductivity, $\sigma$ is electric conductivity, and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LorenzCoefficient
Lorenz Coefficient
$\delta = \arctan d$, where $d$ is loss factor.
Loss Angle
$\textit{Loss Factor}$ is the inverse of $\textit{Quality Factor}$ and is the ratio of the $\textit{resistance}$ and modulus of $\textit{reactance}$.
$d = \frac{1}{Q}$, where $Q$ is quality factor.
Loss Factor is the inverse of Quality Factor and is the ratio of the resistance and modulus of reactance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LossFactor
Loss Factor
measure of the subjective hearing sensation on a scale extending from soft to loud; a progressive mono-frequency (single-frequency) wave of frequency 1 kHz and sound pressure level 40 dB, directed head-on to hearers is assigned the loudness 1 sone, and a tone which is identified by the listeners as being n-times as loud as that identified by 1 sone is assigned the loudness n sone
Maß für die Stärke der subjektiven Hörempfindung, welche auf einer Skala "leise-laut" in sone skaliert wird; einer frei fortschreitenden monofrequenten Welle mit der Frequenz 1 kHz und dem Schalldruckpegel 40 dB, die frontal auf die Zuhörer trifft, ist die Lautheit 1 sone zugeordnet und ein Laut, welcher von den Zuhörern als n-mal so laut wie derjenige mit 1 sone bezeichnet wird, erhält die Lautheit n sone zugeordnet
loudness
value specified in phon as a measure of the level of the subjective perception of a sound which corresponds to the sound pressure level of a reference sound specified in dB which comprises a wave coming from the front with a frequency of 1000 Hz and assessed to be just as loud as the noise
in phon angegebener Wert als Maß für die Stärke der subjektiven Wahrnehmung eines Schallvorgange, der zahlenmäßig dem in dB angegebenen Schalldruckpegel eines Referenzschalls entspricht, der aus einer frontal einfallenden ebenen Welle mit der Frequenz 1000 Hz besteht und als gleich laut wie das Geräusch empfunden wird
loudness level
"Lower Critical Magnetic Flux Density" for type II superconductors, is the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticFluxDensity
Lower Critical Magnetic Flux Density
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.
$L_v = \frac{dI_v}{dA}$, where $dI_v$ is the luminous intensity of an element of the surface with the area $dA$ of the orthogonal projection of this element on a plane perpendicular to the given direction.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Luminance
Luminance
Luminous Efficacy is the ratio of luminous flux (in lumens) to power (usually measured in watts). Depending on context, the power can be either the radiant flux of the source's output, or it can be the total electric power consumed by the source.
$K = \frac{\Phi_v}{\Phi}$, where $\Phi_v$ is the luminous flux and $\Phi$ is the corresponding radiant flux.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousEfficacy
Luminous Efficacy
"Luminous Emittance" is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface.
Luminous Emmitance
Luminous Energy is the perceived energy of light. This is sometimes also called the quantity of light.
$Q_v = \int_{0}^{\Delta t}{\Phi_v}{dt}$, where $\Phi_v$ is the luminous flux occurring during the time interval with duration $\Delta t$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousEnergy
Luminous Energy
$\textit{Luminous Exitance}$ is the ratio of the luminous flux dΦ, leaving an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element.
Luminous Exitance is the ratio of the luminous flux dΦ, leaving an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element.
Quotient aus dem Lichtstrom dΦ, der ein den Punkt enthaltendes Element der Oberfläche verlässt, und der Fläche dA dieses Elementes
luminous exitance
Luminous Exposure is the time-integrated illuminance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousExposure
Luminous Exposure
$\textit{Luminous Flux}$, or $\textit{Luminous Power}$, is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light.
$\Phi_v = K_m \int_{0}^{\infty}{\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)}{V(\lambda)d\lambda}$, where $K_m$ is the maximum spectral luminous efficacy, $\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)$ is the spectral radiant flux, $V(\lambda)$ is the spectral luminous efficiency, and $\lambda$ is the wavelength.
Luminous Flux or Luminous Power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousFlux
Fluks berluminositi
Lichtstrom
Světelný tok
fluctús lucis
flujo luminoso
flusso luminoso
flux lumineux
flux luminos
fluxo luminoso
fényáram
işık akısı
luminous flux
strumień świetlny
svetlobni tok
Светлинен поток
Световой поток
שטף הארה
التدفق الضوئي
شار نوری
प्रकाशीय बहाव
光束
光通量
In photometry, illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception. Similarly, luminous emittance is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface. In SI derived units these are measured in $lux (lx)$ or $lumens per square metre$ ($cd \cdot m^{-2}$). In the CGS system, the unit of illuminance is the $phot$, which is equal to $10,000 lux$. The $foot-candle$ is a non-metric unit of illuminance that is used in photography.
Luminous Flux per Area
Luminous Flux Ratio (or Relative Luminous Flux or Relative Luminous Power) is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. It is expressed as a percentage or fraction of full power.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousFluxRatio
Luminous Flux Ratio
Luminous Intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. The weighting is determined by the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousIntensity
Keamatan berluminositi
Lichtstärke
Svítivost
fényerősség
intensidad luminosa
intensidade luminosa
intensitas luminosa
intensitate luminoasă
intensità luminosa
intensité lumineuse
luminous intensity
svetilnost
ışık şiddeti
światłość
Ένταση Φωτεινότητας
Интензитет на светлината
Сила света
עוצמת הארה
شدة الإضاءة
شدت نور
प्रकाशीय तीव्रता
光度
发光强度
"Luminous Intensity Distribution" is a measure of the luminous intensity of a light source that changes according to the direction of the ray. It is normally based on some standardized distribution light distribution curves. Usually measured in Candela/Lumen (cd/lm) or (cd/klm).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:LuminousIntensityDistribution
The minimum mass a propulsive system can deliver to a specified target or location. Most mass- delivered requirements have associated Delta-V requirements, effectively specifying the path between the two points.
Mass Delivered
A factor applied to basic mass at the lowest level of design detail available based on type and maturity of hardware according to an approved MGA depletion schedule.
Mass Growth Allowance
Requirement minus predicted value. Margin is used as a metric in risk management. Positive margin mitigates the risk of mass increases from requirements maturation and implementation, underestimated predicted system, or subsystem mass.
Mass Margin
Variation in predicted MP due to lack of definition, manufacturing variations, environment effects, or accuracy limitation of measuring devices.
Mass Property Uncertainty
The rotational inertia or resistance to change in direction or speed of rotation about a defined axis.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MomentOfInertia
Moment of Inertia in the Y axis
Moment of Inertia in the Z axis
"Mach Number" is a dimensionless quantity representing the speed of an object moving through air or other fluid divided by the local speed of sound. It is commonly used to represent the speed of an object when it is traveling close to or above the speed of sound. The Mach number is commonly used both with objects traveling at high speed in a fluid, and with high-speed fluid flows inside channels such as nozzles, diffusers or wind tunnels. As it is defined as a ratio of two speeds, it is a dimensionless number.
$Ma = \frac{v_o}{c_o}$, where $v_0$ is speed, and $c_o$ is speed of sound.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MachNumber
Mach number
Mach sayısı
Mach-Zahl
Machovo číslo
Machovo število
Nombor Mach
liczba Macha
nombre de Mach
numero di Mach
număr Mach
número de Mach
число Маха
عدد ماخ
मैक संख्या
マッハ数n
马赫
"Macroscopic Cross-section" is the sum of the cross-sections for a reaction or process of a specified type over all atoms or other entities in a given 3D domain, divided by the volume of that domain.
$\sum = n_1\sigma_1 + \cdots + n_j\sigma_j +$, where $n_j$ is the number density and $\sigma_j$ the cross-section for entities of type $j$.
Macroscopic Cross-section
"Macroscopic Total Cross-section" is the total cross-sections for all atoms or other entities in a given 3D domain, divided by the volume of that domain.
Macroscopic Total Cross-section
"Madelung Constant" is used in determining the electrostatic potential of a single ion in a crystal by approximating the ions by point charges. It is named after Erwin Madelung, a German physicist.
For a uni-univalent ionic crystal of specified structure, the binding energy $V_b$ per pair of ions is $V_b = \alpha\frac{e^2}{4\pi \varepsilon_0 a}$, where $e$ is the elementary charge, $\varepsilon_0$ is the electric constant, and $a$ is the lattice constant which should be specified.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MadelungConstant
Constante de Madelung
Costante di Madelung
Madelung constant
Madelung-Konstante
Stała Madelunga
constante de Madelung
постоянная Маделунга
ثابت مادلونك
ثابت مادلونگ
マーデルングエネルギー
馬德隆常數
"Magnetic Area Moment", for a magnetic dipole, is a vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation. "Magnetic Area Moment" is also referred to as "Magnetic Moment".
$m = I e_n A$, where $I$ is electric current in a small closed loop, $e_n$ is a unit vector perpendicular to the loop, and $A$ is the area of the loop. The magnetic moment of a substance within a domain is the vector sum of the magnetic moments of all entities included in the domain.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticAreaMoment
Magnetic Area Moment
"Magnetic Dipole Moment" is the magnetic moment of a system is a measure of the magnitude and the direction of its magnetism. Magnetic moment usually refers to its Magnetic Dipole Moment, and quantifies the contribution of the system's internal magnetism to the external dipolar magnetic field produced by the system (that is, the component of the external magnetic field that is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance to the observer). The Magnetic Dipole Moment is a vector-valued quantity. For a particle or nucleus, vector quantity causing an increment $\Delta W = -\mu \cdot B$ to its energy $W$ in an external magnetic field with magnetic flux density $B$.
$E_m = -m \cdot B$, where $E_m$ is the interaction energy of the molecule with magnetic diploe moment $m$ and a magnetic field with magnetic flux density $B$ or, $J_m = \mu_0 M$ where $\mu_0$ is the magnetic constant and $M$ is Magnetization.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticDipoleMoment
Magnetic Dipole Moment
Em = -m•B, where Em is the interaction energy of the molecule with the magnetic dipole moment m and a magnetic field with the magnetic induced flux density B
Em = -m•B, wobei Em die Interaktionsenergie vom Molekül ist mit dem magnetischem Dipolmoment m und einem Magnetfeld mit der magnetischen Induktionsflussdichte B
magnetic dipole moment of a molecule
The Magnetic Field, denoted $B$, is a fundamental field in electrodynamics which characterizes the magnetic force exerted by electric currents. It is closely related to the auxillary magnetic field H (see quantitykind:AuxillaryMagneticField).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticField
Magnetic Field
$\textit{Magnetic Field Strength}$ is a vector quantity obtained at a given point by subtracting the magnetization $M$ from the magnetic flux density $B$ divided by the magnetic constant $\mu_0$. The magnetic field strength is related to the total current density $J_{tot}$ via: $\text{rot} H = J_{tot}$.
$\mathbf{H} = \frac{\mathbf{B} }{\mu_0} - M$, where $\mathbf{B} $ is magnetic flux density, $\mu_0$ is the magnetic constant and $M$ is magnetization.
Câmp magnetic
Kekuatan medan magnetik
Magnetické pole
Manyetik alan
intensidad de campo magnético
intensidade de campo magnético
intensità di campo magnetico
intensité de champ magnétique
jakost magnetnega polja
magnetic field strength
magnetische Feldstärke
pole magnetyczne
Магнитное поле
حقل مغناطيسي
شدت میدان مغناطیسی
磁場
"Magnetic Flux" is the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it penetrates.
$\Phi = \int_S B \cdot e_n d A$, over a surface $S$, where $B$ is magnetic flux density and $e_n dA$ is the vector surface element.
Fluks magnet
Flux d'induction magnétique
Magnetický tok
flujo magnético
flusso magnetico
flux de inducție magnetică
fluxo magnético
fluxus magneticus
magnetic flux
magnetischer Flux
magnetni pretok
manyetik akı
mágneses fluxus
strumień magnetyczny
Магнитен поток
Магнитный поток
שטף מגנטי
التدفق المغناطيسي
شار مغناطیسی
चुम्बकीय बहाव
磁束
磁通量
"Magnetic Flux Density" is a vector quantity and is the magnetic flux per unit area of a magnetic field at right angles to the magnetic force. It can be defined in terms of the effects the field has, for example by $B = F/q v \sin \theta$, where $F$ is the force a moving charge $q$ would experience if it was travelling at a velocity $v$ in a direction making an angle θ with that of the field. The magnetic field strength is also a vector quantity and is related to $B$ by: $H = B/\mu$, where $\mu$ is the permeability of the medium.
$\mathbf{F} = qv \times B$, where $F$ is force and $v$ is velocity of any test particle with electric charge $q$.
vektorielle Feldgröße B, die auf jedes geladene Teilchen, das eine Geschwindigkeit v hat, eine Kraft F ausübt, die gleich dem Produkt aus dem Vektorprodukt v x B und der elektrischen Ladung Q des Teilchens ist oder vektorielle Größe gleich dem Produkt aus der Magnetisierung M und der magnetischen Feldkonstante µ₀
Densidad de flujo magnético
Densité de flux magnétique
Ketumpatan fluks magnet
Magnetická indukce
densidade de fluxo magnético
densitas fluxus magnetici
densità di flusso magnetico
gostota magnetnega pretoka
inducție magnetică
indukcja magnetyczna
magnetic flux density
magnetische Flussdichte
manyetik akı yoğunluğu
mágneses indukció
Магнитна индукция
Магнитная индукция
צפיפות שטף מגנטי
المجال المغناطيسي
چگالی شار مغناطیسی
चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र
磁束密度
磁通量密度
inducción magnética
magnetische Induktion
field vector B which exhibits a force F on any charged particle which has a velocity v, where the force is the product of the vector product v x B and the electric charge Q of the particle or vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant µ₀
magnetic flux density or magnetic polarization
"Magnetic Flux per Length" is a quantity in the SI and C.G.S. Systems of Quantities.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticFluxPerLength
Magnetic flux per length
"Magnetic Moment", for a magnetic dipole, is a vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation. "Magnetic Moment" is also referred to as "Magnetic Area Moment", and is not to be confused with Magnetic Dipole Moment.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticMoment
Magnetický dipól
Manyetik moment
Momen magnetik
dipol magnetyczny
magnetic moment
magnetisches Dipolmoment
moment magnétique
momento de dipolo magnético
momento di dipolo magnetico
Магнитный момент
دوقطبی مغناطیسی
عزم مغناطيسي
चुम्बकीय द्विध्रुव
磁偶极
磁気双極子
giromagnetic moment
momen giromagnetik
moment giromagnétique
$\text{Magnetic Polarization}$ is a vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization $M$ and the magnetic constant $\mu_0$.
$J_m = \mu_0 M$, where $\mu_0$ is the magentic constant and $M$ is magnetization.
Magnetic Polarization
The "Magnetic Quantum Number" describes the specific orbital (or "cloud") within that subshell, and yields the projection of the orbital angular momentum along a specified axis.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticQuantumNumber
Magnetic Quantum Number
"Length Per Unit Magnetic Flux" is the the resistance of a material to the establishment of a magnetic field in it. It is the reciprocal of $\textit{Magnetic Permeability}$, the inverse of the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
Length Per Unit Magnetic Flux is the the resistance of a material to the establishment of a magnetic field in it. It is the reciprocal of Magnetic Permeability, the inverse of the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticReluctivity
Magnetic Reluctivity
"Magnetic Susceptability" is a scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant $\mu_0$ and by the magnetic field strength $H$ is equal to the magnetic polarization $J$. The definition given applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium permeability is a second order tensor.
$\kappa = \frac{M}{H}$, where $M$ is magnetization, and $H$ is magnetic field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticSusceptability
Magnetic Susceptability
"Magnetic Tension" is a scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength $\mathbf{H}$ along a specified path linking two points a and b.
$U_m = \int_{r_a(C)}^{r_b} \mathbf{H} \cdot dr$, where $\mathbf{H}$ is magnetic field strength and $r$ is the position vector along a given curve $C$ from point $a$ to point $b$.
Magnetic Tension is a scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticTension
Magnetic Tension
"Magnetic Vector Potential" is the vector potential of the magnetic flux density. The magnetic vector potential is not unique since any irrotational vector field quantity can be added to a given magnetic vector potential without changing its rotation. Under static conditions the magnetic vector potential is often chosen so that its divergence is zero.
$B = \text{rot} A$, where $B$ is magnetic flux density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagneticVectorPotential
Keupayaan vektor magnetik
magnetic vector potential
magnetický potenciál
magnetisches Potenzial
manyetik potansiyeli
potencial magnético
potencjał magnetyczny
potentiel magnétique
potenziale vettore magnetico
potențial magnetic
Магнитний потенциал
پتانسیل برداری مغناطیسی
磁向量势
"Magnetization" is defined as the ratio of magnetic moment per unit volume. It is a vector-valued quantity.
$M = dm/dV$, where $m$ is magentic moment of a substance in a domain with Volume $V$.
Magnetisierung
aimantation
magnetización
magnetization
magnetização
magnetizzazione
magnetyzacia
намагниченность
مغنطة
磁化
The Magnetization Field is defined as the ratio of magnetic moment per unit volume. It is a vector-valued quantity.
Magnetization Field
$\text{Magnetomotive Force}$, also referred to as ($mmf$), is the ability of an electric circuit to produce magnetic flux. Just as the ability of a battery to produce electric current is called its electromotive force or emf, mmf is taken as the work required to move a unit magnet pole from any point through any path which links the electric circuit back the same point in the presence of the magnetic force produced by the electric current in the circuit. $\text{Magnetomotive Force}$ is the scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.
$F_m = \oint \mathbf{H} \cdot dr$, where $\mathbf{H}$ is magnetic field strength and $r$ is position vector along a given curve $C$ from point $a$ to point $b$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MagnetomotiveForce
Magnetomotive Force
In physics, mass, more specifically inertial mass, can be defined as a quantitative measure of an object's resistance to acceleration. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram ($kg$)
Hmotnost
Jisim
Masse
kütle
masa
mass
massa
masse
masă
tömeg
Μάζα
Маса
Масса
מסה
جرم
كتلة
質量
质量
The mass absorption coefficient is the linear absorption coefficient divided by the density of the absorber.
$a_m = \frac{a}{\rho}$, where $a$ is the linear absorption coefficient and $\rho$ is the mass density of the medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassAbsorptionCoefficient
Mass Absorption Coefficient
Mass Amount of Substance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassAmountOfSubstanceTemperature
Mass Amount of Substance Temperature
"Mass Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per unit mass.
$\mu_m = \frac{\mu}{\rho}$, where $\mu$ is the linear attenuation coefficient and $\rho$ is the mass density of the medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassAttenuationCoefficient
Mass Attenuation Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassBasedBloodGlucoseLevel
The "Mass Concentration" of substance B is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture .
$\rho_B = \frac{m_B}{V}$, where $m_B$ is the mass of substance $B$ and $V$ is the volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassConcentration
Mass Concentration
"Mass Concentration of Water" is one of a number of $\textit{Concentration}$ quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$w = m/V$, where $m$ is mass of water, irrespective of the form of aggregation, and $V$ is volume. Mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted $w_{sat}$.
Mass Concentration of Water is one of a number of Concentration quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassConcentrationOfWater
Mass Concentration of Water
"Mass Concentration of Water Vapour" is one of a number of $\textit{Concentration}$ quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$w = m/V$, where $m$ is mass of water vapour and $V$ is total gas volume. Mass concentration of water vapour at saturation is denoted $v_{sat}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
Mass Concentration of Water Vapour
the rate at which a specific chemical element or compound changes concentration over time, where with concentration expressed as mass per volume. SI unit is kg * m-3 * s-1
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassConcentrationRateOfChange
Mass Concentration Rate Of Change
The "Mass Defect", also termed mass deficit, or mass packing fraction, describes mass change (decrease) in bound systems, particularly atomic nuclei.
$B = Zm(^{1}\textrm{H}) + Nm_n - m_a$, where $Z$ is the proton number of the atom, $m(^{1}\textrm{H})$ is atomic mass of $^{1}\textrm{H}$, $N$ is the neutron number, $m_n$ is the rest mass of the neutron, and $m_a$ is the rest mass of the atom.
Mass Defect
The mass density or density of a material is its mass per unit volume.
$\rho = \frac{dm}{dV}$, where $m$ is mass and $V$ is volume.
Gostôta
Ketumpatan jisim
Massendichte
densidad
densidade
densitate
densità
densité
gęstość
hustota
mass density
плотность
الكثافة
چگالی
घनत्व
密度
jisim isipadu
massa volumica
volumenbezogene Masse
volumic mass
भार घनत्व
"Mass Energy Transfer Coefficient" is that fraction of the mass attenuation coefficient which contributes to the production of kinetic energy in charged particles.
$\frac{\mu_{tr}}{\rho} = -\frac{1}{\rho}\frac{1}{R}\frac{dR_{tr}}{dl}$, where $dR_{tr}$ is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the incident radiation $R$ in traversing a distance $dl$ in the material of density $\rho$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
Mass Energy Transfer Coefficient
The "Mass Excess" of a nuclide is the difference between its actual mass and its mass number in atomic mass units. It is one of the predominant methods for tabulating nuclear mass.
$\Delta = m_a - Am_u$, where $m_a$ is the rest mass of the atom, $A$ is its nucleon number, and $m_u$ is the unified atomic mass constant.
Mass Excess
"Mass Flow Rate" is a measure of Mass flux. The common symbol is $\dot{m}$ (pronounced $m-dot$), although sometimes $\mu$ is used. The SI units are $kg s-1$.
$q_m = \frac{dm}{dt}$, where $m$ is mass and $t$ is time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassFlowRate
Mass Flow Rate
product of flow velocity and density
Produkt aus Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Dichte
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassPerAreaTime
mass flux density
The "Mass Fraction" is the fraction of one substance with mass to the mass of the total mixture .
$w_B = \frac{m_B}{m}$, where $m_B$ is the mass of substance $B$ and $m$ is the total.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassFraction
Mass Fraction
"Mass Fraction of Dry Matter" is one of a number of $\textit{Concentration}$ quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$w_d= 1 - w_{h2o}$, where $w_{h2o}$ is mass fraction of water.
"Mass Fraction of Dry Matter" is one of a number of Concentration quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassFractionOfDryMatter
Mass Fraction of Dry Matter
"Mass Fraction of Water" is one of a number of $\textit{Concentration}$ quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$w_{H_2o} = \frac{u}{1+u}$, where $u$ is mass ratio of water to dry water.
Mass Fraction of Water is one of a number of Concentration quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassFractionOfWater
Mass Fraction of Water
The "Mass Number" (A), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. Nuclides with the same value of $A$ are called isobars.
$A = Z + N$, where $Z$ is the atomic number and $N$ is the neutron number.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassNumber
Mass Number
Mass Of Electrical Power Supply
Mass Of Solid Booster
Earth mass is the unit of mass equal to that of the Earth. Earth mass is often used to describe masses of rocky terrestrial planets.
Mass Of The Earth
The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, or superficial density) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is: kilogram per square metre ($kg \cdot m^{-2}$).
Mass per Area
In Physics and Engineering, mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit area. The common symbols are $j$, $J$, $\phi$, or $\Phi$ (Greek lower or capital Phi), sometimes with subscript $m$ to indicate mass is the flowing quantity. Its SI units are $ kg s^{-1} m^{-2}$.
$j_m = \lim\limits_{A \rightarrow 0}\frac{I_m}{A}$
Mass per Area Time
The mass-to-charge ratio ratio ($m/Q$) is a physical quantity that is widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, for example, in electron optics and ion optics. The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields. Its SI units are $kg/C$, but it can also be measured in Thomson ($Th$).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassPerElectricCharge
Mass per Electric Charge
Mass per Energy ($m/E$) is a physical quantity that bridges mass and energy. The SI unit is $kg/J$ or equivalently $s^2/m^2$.
Mass per Energy is a physical quantity that can be used to relate the energy of a system to its mass.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassPerEnergy
Mass per Energy
Linear density, linear mass density or linear mass is a measure of mass per unit of length, and it is a characteristic of strings or other one-dimensional objects. The SI unit of linear density is the kilogram per metre ($kg/m$).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassPerLength
Mass per Length
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassPerTime
Mass per Time
In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket. It describes how much more massive the vehicle is with propellant than without; that is, it is the ratio of the rocket's wet mass (vehicle plus contents plus propellant) to its dry mass (vehicle plus contents)
Mass Ratio
"Mass Ratio of Water to Dry Matter" is one of a number of $\textit{Concentration Ratio}$ quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$u = m/m_d$, where $m$ is mass of water vapour and $m_d$ is mass of dry matter. Mass ratio of water to dry matter at saturation is denoted $u_{sat}$.
Mass Ratio of Water to Dry Matter is one of a number of Concentration Ratio quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
Mass Concentration of Water To Dry Matter
"Mass Ratio of Water Vapour to Dry Gas" is one of a number of $\textit{Concentration Ratio}$ quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$x = m/m_d$, where $m$ is mass of water vapour and $m_d$ is mass of dry gas. Mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation is denoted $x_{sat}$.
Mass Ratio of Water Vapour to Dry Gas is one of a number of Concentration Ratio quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
Mass Ratio of Water Vapour to Dry Gas
electrical current intensity divided by the associated mass
elektrische Stromstärke dividiert durch die zugehörige Masse
mass-related electrical current
the rate at which a specific chemical element or compound is processed or transformed within an ecosystem, calculated per unit mass of the relevant biological material. Unreduced, SI unit is kg * kg-1 * s-1
the rate at which a specific chemical element or compound is processed or transformed within an ecosystem, calculated per unit mass of the relevant biological material. Unreduced, SI unit is g * g-1 * s-1
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassSpecificBiogeochemicalRate
Mass Specific Biogeochemical Rate
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassStoppingPower
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassTemperature
Mass Temperature
"Massic Activity" is the activity divided by the total mass of the sample.
Massic Activity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassicElectricCurrent
ratio of heat capacity divided by mass
Quotient Wärmekapazität dividiert durch Masse
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MassicHeatCapacity
massic heat capacity
ratio energy divided by time and related mass
Quotient Energie durch Zeit und durch zugehöriger Masse
massic power
ratio of torque divided by the mass to be moved
Quotient Drehmoment dividiert durch die Masse, die bewegt oder befördert wird
massic torque
The Massieu function, $\Psi$, is defined as: $\Psi = \Psi (X_1, \dots , X_i, Y_{i+1}, \dots , Y_r )$, where for every system with degree of freedom $r$ one may choose $r$ variables, e.g. , to define a coordinate system, where $X$ and $Y$ are extensive and intensive variables, respectively, and where at least one extensive variable must be within this set in order to define the size of the system. The $(r + 1)^{th}$ variable,$\Psi$ , is then called the Massieu function.
$J = -A/T$, where $A$ is Helmholtz energy and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Massieu Function
Maximum Expected Operating Thrust
Max Operating Thrust
Max Sea Level Thrust
"Maximum Beta-Particle Energy" is the maximum energy of the energy spectrum in a beta-particle disintegration process.
Maximum Beta-Particle Energy
Maximum Expected Operating Pressure
Maximum Operating Pressure
The "Mean Energy Imparted", is the average energy imparted to irradiated matter.
To the matter in a given domain, $\bar{\varepsilon} = R_{in} - R_{out} + \sum Q$, where $R_{in}$ is the radiant energy of all those charged and uncharged ionizing particles that enter the domain, $R_{out}$ is the radiant energy of all those charged and uncharged ionizing particles that leave the domain, and $\sum Q$ is the sum of all changes of the rest energy of nuclei and elementary particles that occur in that domain.
Mean Energy Imparted
"Mean Free Path" is the average distance travelled by a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, a photon) between successive impacts (collisions) which modify its direction or energy or other particle properties.
Mean Free Path
The "Mean Lifetime" is the average length of time that an element remains in the set of discrete elements in a decaying quantity, $N(t)$.
$\tau = \frac{1}{\lambda}$, where $\lambda$ is the decay constant.
Mean Lifetime
"Mean Linear Range" is, in a given material, for specified charged particles of a specified energy, the average displacement of the particles before they stop. That is, the mean totl rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest (or to some suitable cut-off energy) in a given substance under specified conditions averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
Mean Linear Range
"Mean Mass Range" is the mean linear range multiplied by the mass density of the material.
$R_\rho = R\rho$, where $R$ is the mean linear range and $\rho$ is the mass density of the sample.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MeanMassRange
Mean Mass Range
Mechanical Energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.
$E = T + V$, where $T$ is kinetic energy and $V$ is potential energy.
Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Impedance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MechanicalMobility
Mechanical Mobility
Mechanical surface impedance at a surface, is the complex quotient of the total force on the surface by the component of the average sound particle velocity at the surface in the direction of the force
$Z_m = Z_a A^2$, where $A$ is the area of the surface considered and $Z_a$ is the acoustic impedance.
There are various interpretations of MechanicalSurfaceImpedance: Pressure/Velocity - https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA315595.pdf, Force / Speed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421317, and (Pressure / Velocity)**0.5 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/mechanical-impedance. We are seeking a resolution to these differences.
Mechanical surface impedance
at a point of a body upon which a force acts which attempts to change the shape of the body, the limit value of the ratio between the force and area of a flat surface around this point when the dimensions approach zero
an einem Punkt eines Körpers, an dem eine Kraft angreift, welche die Form des Körpers zu verändern sucht, der Grenzwert des Quotienten Kraft durch Fläche einer ebenen Oberfläche um diesen Punkt, wenn deren Abmessungen gegen null gehen
mechanical tension
A temperature that is the one at which a substance will change its physical state from a solid to a liquid. It is also the temperature where the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MeltingPoint
Melting Point Temperature
A "Micro Canonical Partition Function" applies to a micro canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and a fixed number of particles.
$\Omega = \sum_r 1$, where the sum is over all quantum states consistent with given energy. volume, external fields, and content.
Micro Canonical Partition Function
Microbial Formation
"Migration Area" is the sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
Migration Area
"Migration Length" is the square root of the migration area.
$M = \sqrt{M^2}$, where $M^2$ is the migration area.
Migration Length
"Mobility" characterizes how quickly a particle can move through a metal or semiconductor, when pulled by an electric field. The average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, divided by the electric field strength.
Beweglichkeit
mobilidade
mobility
mobilità
mobilité
mobilność
movilidad
قابلية التحرك
移動度
迁移率
Mobilität
"MobilityRatio" describes permeability of a porous material to a given phase divided by the viscosity of that phase.
$b = \frac{\mu_n}{\mu_p}$, where $\mu_n$ and $\mu_p$ are mobilities for electrons and holes, respectively.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MobilityRatio
Mobility Ratio
"Modulus Of Admittance" is the absolute value of the quantity "admittance".
$Y = \left | \underline{Y} \right |$, where $\underline{Y}$ is admittance.
Modulus Of Admittance
The Modulus of Elasticity is the mathematical description of an object or substance's tendency to be deformed elastically (that is, non-permanently) when a force is applied to it.
$E = \frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon}$, where $\sigma$ is the normal stress and $\varepsilon$ is the linear strain.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ModulusOfElasticity
Modulus of Elasticity
"Modulus Of Impedance} is the absolute value of the quantity $\textit{impedance}$. Apparent impedance is defined more generally as the quotient of rms voltage and rms electric current; it is often denoted by $Z$.
$Z = \left | \underline{Z} \right |$, where $\underline{Z}$ is impedance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ModulusOfImpedance
Modulus Of Impedance
Modulus of Linear Subgrade Reaction is a measure for modulus of linear subgrade reaction, which expresses the elastic bedding of a linear structural element per length, such as for a beam. It is typically measured in N/m^2
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ModulusOfLinearSubgradeReaction
Modulus of Linear Subgrade Reaction
Modulus of Rotational Subgrade Reaction is a measure for modulus of rotational subgrade reaction, which expresses the rotational elastic bedding of a linear structural element per length, such as for a beam. It is typically measured in Nm/(m*rad).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ModulusOfRotationalSubgradeReaction
Modulus of Rotational Subgrade Reaction
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction is a geotechnical measure describing interaction between foundation structures and the soil. May also be known as bedding measure. Usually measured in N/m3.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ModulusOfSubgradeReaction
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumeFlowRate
Moisture Diffusivity
The "Molality of Solute" of a solution is defined as the amount of substance of solute divided by the mass in kg of the solvent.
$b_B = \frac{n_B}{m_a}$, where $n_B$ is the amount of substance and $m_A$ is the mass.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolalityOfSolute
Molality of Solute
"Molar Absorption Coefficient" is a spectrophotometric unit indicating the light a substance absorbs with respect to length, usually centimeters, and concentration, usually moles per liter.
$x = aV_m$, where $a$ is the linear absorption coefficient and $V_m$ is the molar volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarAbsorptionCoefficient
Molar Absorption Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarAngularMomentum
Molar Angular Momentum
"Molar Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per amount of substance.
$\mu_c = -\frac{\mu}{c}$, where $\mu$ is the linear attenuation coefficient and $c$ is the amount-of-substance concentration.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarAttenuationCoefficient
Molar Attenuation Coefficient
"Molar Conductivity" is the conductivity of an electrolyte solution divided by the molar concentration of the electrolyte, and so measures the efficiency with which a given electrolyte conducts electricity in solution.
$\Gamma_m = \frac{x}{c_B}$, where $x$ is the electrolytic conductivity and $c_B$ is the amount-of-substance concentration.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarConductivity
Molar Conductivity
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the quantity of material
Größe, deren Wert sich umgekehrt proportional zu Stoffmengenwert verhält
molar density
"Molar Energy" is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system. The unit is $$J/mol$$, also expressed as $$joule/mole$$, or $$joules per mole$$. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The quantity has the dimension of $$M \cdot L^2 \cdot T^{-2} \cdot N^{-1}$$ where $$M$$ is mass, $$L$$ is length, $$T$$ is time, and $$N$$ is amount of substance.
$U_m = \frac{U}{n}$, where $U$ is internal energy and $n$ is amount of substance.
Molar Energy
The "Standard Molar Entropy" is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP).
$S_m = \frac{S}{n}$, where $S$ is entropy and $n$ is amount of substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarEntropy
Molar Entropy
Molar Flow Rate is a measure of the amount of substance (the number of molecules) that passes through a given area perpendicular to the flow in a given time. Typically this area is constrained, for example a section through a pipe, but it could also apply to an open flow.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarFlowRate
Molar Flow Rate
the rate at which moles of a substance pass through a unit area per unit time. It is used for describing the flow of materials in terms of the transport of molecules or particles rather than bulk mass. The SI units are mol m-2 s-1
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarFluxDensity
Molar Flux Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarFluxDensityVariance
Molar Flux Density Variance
Variance for NEON Molar Flux Denisity data measured in unit:MicroMOL-PER-M2-SEC
Molar Flux Density Variance, NEON
"Molar Heat Capacity" is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance. In SI units, molar heat capacity (symbol: cn) is the amount of heat in joules required to raise 1 mole of a substance 1 Kelvin.
$C_m = \frac{C}{n}$, where $C$ is heat capacity and $n$ is amount of substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarHeatCapacity
Molar Heat Capacity
In chemistry, the molar mass M is defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance. It is a physical property of a given substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is $kg/mol$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarMass
Jisim molar
Masa molowa
Masă molară
Molmasse
Molární hmotnost
masa molar
massa molar
massa molare
masse molaire
molar kütle
molar mass
molska masa
Молярная масса
جرم مولی
كتلة مولية
मोलर द्रव्यमान
モル質量
摩尔质量
molare Masse
stoffmengenbezogene Masse
material-specific quantity resulting as the specific angle of rotation of a substance for a particular wavelength and a particular temperature from the relationship: ratio between measured angle of rotation divided by the concentration of material and the covered path
materialspezifische Größe, die sich als spezifischer Drehwinkel einer Substanz für eine bestimmte Wellenlänge und eine bestimmte Temperatur ergibt durch die Beziehung: Quotient aus gemessener Drehwinkel dividiert durch die Stoffmenegenkonzentration und die durchstrahlte Wegstrecke
molar optical rotational ability
The "Molar Optical Rotatory Power" Angle of optical rotation divided by the optical path length through the medium and by the amount concentration giving the molar optical rotatory power.
$\alpha_n = \alpha \frac{A}{n}$, where $\alpha$ is the angle of optical rotation, and $n$ is the amount of substance of the optically active component in the path of a linearly polarized light beam of cross sectional area $A$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarOpticalRotatoryPower
Molar Optical Rotatory Power
A quantity kind that is a measure of the total polarizability of a mole of substance that depends on the temperature, the index of refraction and the pressure.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarRefractivity
Molar Refractivity
thermal capacity divided by the amount of substance
auf die Stoffmenge bezogene Wärmekapazität
molar thermal capacity
energy in relation to the amount of a substance
auf die Stoffmenge bezogene Energie
molar thermodynamic energy
The molar volume, symbol $V_m$, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass ($M$) divided by the mass density ($\rho$). It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole ($m^{1}/mol$). For ideal gases, the molar volume is given by the ideal gas equation: this is a good approximation for many common gases at standard temperature and pressure. For crystalline solids, the molar volume can be measured by X-ray crystallography.
$V_m = \frac{V}{n}$, where $V$ is volume and $n$ is amount of substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolarVolume
Isipadu molar
Molvolumen
molar hacim
molar volume
molski volumen
molární objem
volum molar
volume molaire
volume molar
volume molare
volumen molar
Молярный объём
حجم مولي
حجم مولی
モル体積
摩尔体积
molares Volumen
stoffmengenbezogenes Volumen
In chemistry, the mole fraction of a component in a mixture is the relative proportion of molecules belonging to the component to those in the mixture, by number of molecules. It is one way of measuring concentration.
Mole Fraction
The "Molecular Concentration" of substance B is defined as the number of molecules of B divided by the volume of the mixture
$C_B = \frac{N_B}{V}$, where $N_B$ is the number of molecules of $B$ and $V$ is the volume.
Molecular Concentration
The molecular mass, or molecular weight of a chemical compound is the mass of one molecule of that compound, relative to the unified atomic mass unit, u. Molecular mass should not be confused with molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MolecularMass
Molecular Mass
Molecules in a fluid close to a solid boundary sometime strike the boundary and transfer momentum to it. Molecules further from the boundary collide with molecules that have struck the boundary, further transferring the change in momentum into the interior of the fluid. This transfer of momentum is molecular viscosity. Molecules, however, travel only micrometers between collisions, and the process is very inefficient for transferring momentum even a few centimeters. Molecular viscosity is important only within a few millimeters of a boundary. The coefficient of molecular viscosity has the same value as the dynamic viscosity.
Molecular Viscosity
Moment of force (often just moment) is the tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object.
$M = r \cdot F$, where $r$ is the position vector and $F$ is the force.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MomentOfForce
Moment of Force
$I_Q = \int r^2_Q dm$, where $r_Q$ is the radial distance from a $Q-axis$ and $m$ is mass.
Eylemsizlik momenti
Massenträgheitsmoment
Momen inersia
Moment bezwładności
Moment de inerție
Moment setrvačnosti
moment d'inertie
moment of inertia
momento de inercia
momento de inércia
momento di inerzia
Момент инерции
عزم القصور الذاتي
گشتاور لختی
जड़त्वाघूर्ण
慣性モーメント
轉動慣量
The momentum of a system of particles is given by the sum of the momentums of the individual particles which make up the system or by the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of the center of gravity of the system. The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Momentum
Impuls
Momentum
cantidad de movimiento
gibalna količina
hybnost
impuls
momento linear
momentum
pęd
quantità di moto
quantité de mouvement
импульс
تکانه
زخم الحركة
动量
運動量
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MomentumPerAngle
Momentum per Angle
Morbidity rate is a measure of the incidence of a disease in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MorbidityRate
Morbidity Rate
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:MortalityRate
Mortality Rate
quantitiy/variable which identifies a characteristic of a motor
Größe, die eine Eigenschaft eines Motors kennzeichnet
motor constant
The "Multiplication Factor" is the ratio of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in a time interval to the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage during the same interval.
Multiplication Factor
$\textit{Mutual Inductance}$ is the non-diagonal term of the inductance matrix. For two loops, the symbol $M$ is used for $L_{12}$.
$L_{mn} = \frac{\Psi_m}{I_n}$, where $I_n$ is an electric current in a thin conducting loop $n$ and $\Psi_m$ is the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop $m$.
Mutual Inductance
The amount of propellant mass within a stage that is available for impulse for use in nominal payload performance prediction. This mass excludes loaded propellant that has been set aside for off- nominal performance behavior (FPR and fuel bias).
Nominal Ascent Propellant Mass
Napierian Absorbance is the natural (Napierian) logarithm of the reciprocal of the spectral internal transmittance.
$A_e(\lambda) = -ln(\tau(\lambda))$, where $\tau$ is the transmittance at a given wavelength $\lambda$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NapierianAbsorbance
Napierian Absorbance
"Neel Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.
Neel Temperature
ratio between two physical variables of the same type, expressed as a number which describes the relationship between these variables where the units are cancelled against each other
Quotient aus zwei physikalischen Größen gleicher Art als Zahl, welche das Verhältnis dieser Größen zueinander ausdrückt, wobei die einheiten gegeneinander gekürzt sind
neutral ratio
$D_n = -\frac{J_x}{\frac{\partial dn}{\partial dx}}$, where $J_x$ is the $x-component$ of the particle current and $n$ is the particle number density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NeutronDiffusionCoefficient
The neutron diffusion length is equivalent to the relaxation length, that is, to the distance, in which the neutron flux decreases by a factor e
Neutron Diffusion Length
"Neutron Number", symbol $N$, is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Nuclides with the same value of $N$ but different values of $Z$ are called isotones. $N - Z$ is called the neutron excess number.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NeutronNumber
Neutronenzahl
Neutronové číslo
Nombor neutron
Nombre de neutrons
liczba neutronowa
neutron number
numero neutronico
nötron snumarası
número de neutrons
número neutrónico
число нейтронов
عدد النيوترونات
عدد نوترون
中子數
The "Neutron Yield per Absorption" is the average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
Neutron Yield per Absorption
The "Neutron Yield per Fission" is the average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NeutronYieldPerFission
Neutron Yield per Fission
The "Non-Leakage Probability" is the probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron
Non-Leakage Probability
"Non-active Power", for a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, is the quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power and the active power.
$Q^{'} = \sqrt{{\left | \underline{S} \right |}^2 - P^2}$, where $\underline{S}$ is apparent power and $P$ is active power.
Non-active Power
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NonLeakageProbability
"NonNegativeLength" is a measure of length greater than or equal to zero.
Positive Length
Normal stress is defined as the stress resulting from a force acting normal to a body surface. Normal stress can be caused by several loading methods, the most common being axial tension and compression, bending, and hoop stress.
$\sigma = \frac{dF_n}{dA}$, where $dF_n$ is the normal component of force and $dA$ is the area of the surface element.
Normal Stress
A "Normalized Dimensionless Ratio" is a dimensionless ratio ranging from 0.0 to 1.0
Positive Dimensionless Ratio
Cross-sectional area of the nozzle at the throat.
Nozzle Throat Cross-sectional Area
Nozzle Throat Diameter
Nozzle Throat Pressure
Nozzle Walls Thrust Reaction
"Nuclear Quadrupole Moment" is a quantity that characterizes the deviation from spherical symmetry of the electrical charge distribution in an atomic nucleus.
$Q = (\frac{1}{e}) \int (3z^2 - r^2)\rho(x, y, z)dV$, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction $(z)$, where $\rho(x, y, z)$ is the nuclear electric charge density, $e$ is the elementary charge, $r^2 = x^2 + y^2 + z^2$, and $dV$ is the volume element $dx$ $dy$ $dz$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
Nuclear Quadrupole Moment
"Nuclear Radius" is the conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included
This quantity is not exactly defined. It is given approximately for nuclei in their ground state only by $R = r_0 A^{\frac{1}{3}}$, where $r_0 \approx 1.2 x 10^{-15} m$ and $A$ is the nucleon number.
Nuclear Radius
The "Spin Quantum Number" describes the spin (intrinsic angular momentum) of the electron within that orbital, and gives the projection of the spin angular momentum S along the specified axis
$I^2 = \hbar^2 I(I + 1)$, where $\hbar$ is the Planck constant.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
Spin Quantum Number
Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.A = Z+N. Nuclides with the same value of A are called isobars.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NucleonNumber
Nombor nukleon
Nukleonenzahl
Nukleové číslo
liczba masowa
nombre de masse
nucleon number
numero di massa
número de massa
número másico
nükleon numarası
عدد جرمی
عدد كتلي
質量数
质量数
Massenzahl
kütle numarası
mass number
nombor jisim
numero di nucleoni
In physics, astronomy, and chemistry, number density (symbol: n) is a kind of quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (atoms, molecules, dust particles, galaxies, etc.) in the three-dimensional physical space.
$n = \frac{N}{V}$, where $N$ is the number of particles and $V$ is volume.
Number Density
"Number of Electrical Phases" is used to characterize AC electrical service to a facility.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NumberOfElectricalPhases
Number of Electrical Phases
"Number of Particles", also known as the particle number, of a thermodynamic system, conventionally indicated with the letter N, is the number of constituent particles in that system.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:NumberOfParticles
Number of Particles
"Olfactory Threshold" are thresholds for the concentrations of various classes of smell that can be detected.
Olfactory Threshold
In the context of mechanical systems, "opening ratio" might refer to the proportion of time or the extent to which a valve or gate is open relative to its maximum capacity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:OpeningRatio
Opening Ratio
Angular momentum of the orbit per mass of the vehicle
Orbital Angular Momentum per Mass
The "Principal Quantum Number" describes the electron shell, or energy level, of an atom. The value of $n$ ranges from 1 to the shell containing the outermost electron of that atom.
$l^2 = \hbar^2 l(l + 1), l = 0, 1, ..., n - 1$, where $l_i$ refers to a specific particle $i$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number
Orbital Radial Distance
"Order of Reflection" is $n$ in the Bragg's Law equation.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:OrderOfReflection
Order of Reflection
The "Osmotic Coefficient" is a quantity which characterises the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
$\varphi = -(M_A\sum b_B)^{-1} \ln a_A$, where $M_A$ is the molar mass of the solvent $A$, $\sum$ denotes summation over all the solutes, $b_B$ is the molality of solute $B$, and $a_A$ is the activity of solvent $A$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:OsmoticCoefficient
Osmotic Coefficient
The "Osmotic Concentration" is the moles of an osmotically active entity (solute) in the volume of a solution.
$osmolarity = \sum_{i} \varphi_i n_i C_i, where \varphi is the osmotic coefficient of the solution n, is the number of particles (e.g. ions), C is the molar concentration of the solute, and i is the index of solute$
Osmotic Concentration
The "Osmotic Pressure" is the pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmotický tlak
Tekanan osmotik
osmotic pressure
osmotischer Druck
ozmotik basıç
presión osmótica
pression osmotique
pressione osmotica
pressão osmótica
فشار اسمزی
渗透压
Additional distance traveled by a rocket because Of excessive initial velocity.
Over-range distance
Sum of the basic mass and the MGA. Current prediction of the final mass based on the current requirements and design.
Predicted Mass
The quantity kind $\textit{Product of Inertia}$ is a measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
A measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
Product of Inertia
The quantity kind $\textit{Product of Inertia in the X axis}$ is a measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
Product of Inertia in the X axis
The quantity kind $\textit{Product of Inertia in the Y axis}$ is a measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
The quantity kind 'Product of Inertia in the Y axis' is a measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
Product of Inertia in the Y axis
The quantity kind $\textit{Product of Inertia in the Z axis}$ is a measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
Product of Inertia in the Z axis
Running is often measured in terms of pace, expressed in units of minutes per mile or minutes per kilometer (the inverse of speed, in mph or km/h).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Pace
Pace
The "Packing Fraction" is the fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by atoms.
$f = \frac{\Delta_r}{A}$, where $\Delta_r$ is the relative mass excess and $A$ is the nucleon number.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PackingFraction
Packing Fraction
The quantity kind $\textit{Partial Pressure}$ is the pressure that the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
$p_B = x_B \cdot p$, where $x_B$ is the amount-of-substance fraction of substance $B$ and $p$ is the total pressure.
"Partial Pressure" is the pressure that the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
Partial Pressure
The quantity kind $\textit{Particle Current}$ can be used to describe the net number of particles passing through a surface in an infinitesimal time interval.
$\int J \cdot e_n dA = \frac{dN}{dt}$, where $e_ndA$ is the vector surface element, $N$ is the net number of particles passing over a surface, and $dt$ describes the time interval.
"Particle Current" can be used to describe the net number of particles passing through a surface in an infinitesimal time interval.
Particle Current
The quantity kind $\textit{Particle Current Density}$ is a vector whose component is perpendicular to a surface equal to the net number of particles crossing that surface in the positive direction per unit area and per unit time.
Vektor, dessen Komponente senkrecht zu einer Fläche gleich der Nettoanzahl von Teilchen ist, die flächen- und zeitbezogen in positiver Richtung durch diese Fläche hindurchgehen
particle current density
The quantity kind $\textit{Particle Fluence}$ is the total number of particles that intersect a unit area in a specific time interval of interest, and has units of $m^{-2}$ (number of particles per meter squared).
$\Phi = \frac{dN}{dA}$, where $dN$ describes the number of particles incident on a small spherical domain at a given point in space, and $dA$ describes the cross-sectional area of that domain.
"Particle Fluence" is the total number of particles that intersect a unit area in a specific time interval of interest, and has units of /m2 (number of particles per meter squared).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ParticleFluence
Particle Fluence
"Particle Fluence Rate" can be defined as the total number of particles (typically Gamma Ray Photons ) crossing over a sphere of unit cross section which surrounds a Point Source of Ionising Radiation.
$\theta = \frac{d\Phi}{dt}$, where $d\Phi$ is the increment of the particle fluence during an infinitesimal time interval with duration $dt$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ParticleFluenceRate
Particle Fluence Rate
The "Particle Number Density" is obtained by dividing the particle number of a system by its volume.
$n = \frac{N}{V}$, where $N$ is the number of particles in the 3D domain with the volume $V$.
Particle Number Density
"Particle Position Vector" is the position vector of a particle.
Particle Position Vector
"Particle Source Density" is the rate of production of particles in a 3D domain divided by the volume of that element.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ParticleSourceDensity
Particle Source Density
Path Length
Payload mass is the mass of the payload carried by the craft. In a multistage spacecraft the payload mass of the last stage is the mass of the payload and the payload masses of the other stages are considered to be the gross masses of the next stages.
Payload Mass
The payload ratio is defined as the mass of the payload divided by the empty mass of the structure. Because of the extra cost involved in staging rockets, given the choice, it's often more economic to use few stages with a small payload ratio rather than more stages each with a high payload ratio.
Payload Ratio
"Peltier Coefficient" represents how much heat current is carried per unit charge through a given material. It is the heat power developed at a junction, divided by the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.
Peltier Coefficient
Duration of one cycle of a periodic phenomenon.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Period
Period
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Permeability
The ratio of the effective permeability of a porous phase to the absolute permeability.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PermeabilityRatio
Permeability Ratio
"Permeance" is the inverse of reluctance. Permeance is a measure of the quantity of flux for a number of current-turns in magnetic circuit. A magnetic circuit almost acts as though the flux is "conducted", therefore permeance is larger for large cross sections of a material and smaller for longer lengths. This concept is analogous to electrical conductance in the electric circuit.
$\Lambda = \frac{1}{R_m}$, where $R_m$ is reluctance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Permeance
Permeance
"Permittivity" is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects, and is affected by a dielectric medium, and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material. Permittivity is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
$\epsilon = \frac{D}{E}$, where $D$ is electric flux density and $E$ is electric field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Permittivity
Permittivity
"Permittivity Ratio" is the ratio of permittivity to the permittivity of a vacuum.
$\epsilon_r = \epsilon / \epsilon_0$, where $\epsilon$ is permittivity and $\epsilon_0$ is the electric constant.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PermittivityRatio
Permittivity Ratio
The phase coefficient is the amount of phase shift that occurs as the wave travels one meter. Increasing the loss of the material, via the manipulation of the material's conductivity, will decrease the wavelength (increase $\beta$) and increase the attenuation coefficient (increase $\alpha$).
If $F(x) = Ae^{-\alpha x} \cos{[\beta (x - x_0)]}$, then $\alpha$ is the attenuation coefficient and $\beta$ is the phase coefficient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PhaseCoefficient
Phase coefficient
"Phase Difference" is the difference, expressed in electrical degrees or time, between two waves having the same frequency and referenced to the same point in time. Two oscillators that have the same frequency and different phases have a phase difference, and the oscillators are said to be out of phase with each other. The amount by which such oscillators are out of step with each other can be expressed in degrees from $0^\circ$ to $360^\circ$, or in radians from 0 to ${2\pi}$. If the phase difference is $180^\circ$ ($\pi$ radians), then the two oscillators are said to be in antiphase.
$\varphi = \varphi_u - \varphi_i$, where $\varphi_u$ is the initial phase of the voltage and $\varphi_i$ is the initial phase of the electric current.
Phasenverschiebungswinkel
diferencia de fase
diferença de fase
différence de phase
phase difference
przesunięcie fazowe
sfasamento angolare
اختلاف طور
位相差
desfasagem
déphasage
In a dispersive medium sound speed is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. The spatial and temporal distribution of a propagating disturbance will continually change. Each frequency component propagates at its own Phase Velocity of Sound.
$c = \frac{\omega}{k} = \lambda f$, where $\omega$ is the angular frequency, $k$ is angular wavenumber, $\lambda$ is the wavelength, and $f$ is the frequency.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PhaseSpeedOfSound
Phase speed of sound
"Phonon Mean Free Path" is the mean free path of phonons.
Phonon Mean Free Path
"Photo Threshold of Awareness Function" is the ability of the human eye to detect a light that results in a $1^o$ radial angle at the eye with a given duration (temporal summation).
Photo Threshold of Awareness Function
A measure of flux of photons per solid angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PhotonIntensity
Photon Intensity
ratio between the photon flux at a point on a surface and in a given direction and the product of the solid angle and the orthogonal projection of this element on a plane perpendicular to the given direction
Quotient aus dem durch eine Fläche in einer Richtung durchgehenden Photonenstrom und dem Produkt aus dem durchstrahlten Raumwinkel und der Projektion dieser Fläche auf eine Ebene senkrecht zur betrachteten Fläche
photon luminance
A measure of flux of photons per surface area per solid angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PhotonRadiance
Photon Radiance
Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) is a measurement of the total number of photons emitted by a light source each second within the PAR wavelength range and is measured in μmol/s. Lighting manufacturers may specify their grow light products in terms of PPF. It can be considered as analogous to measuring the luminous flux (lumens) of visible light which would typically require the use of an integrating sphere or a goniometer system with spectroradiometer sensor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PhotosyntheticPhotonFlux
Photosynthetic Photon Flux
Photosynthetically Active Radiation are the wavelengths of light within the visible range of 400 to 700 nanometers (nm) that are critical for photosynthesis. PPFD measures the amount of PAR light (photons) that arrive at the plant’s surface each second. The PPFD is measured at various distances with a Full-spectrum Quantum Sensor, also known as a PAR meter. Natural sunlight has a PAR value of 900-1500μMol/m2/s when the sun is directly overhead. For a grow light to be effective, it should have PAR values of 500-1500 μMol/m2/s.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PhotosyntheticPhotonFluxDensity
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density
smallest element of a display space (cell size) of a digitized two-dimensional field representation of an image which has an address (x and y coordinates corresponding to its position in the field) and a specific brightness value
kleinstes Element einer Darstellungsfläche (Zellgröße) einer digitalisierten zweidimensionalen Felddarstellung eines Bildes, die eine Adresse (x- und y-Koordinaten entsprechend seiner Position im Feld) und einen spezifischen Helligkeitswert besitzt
picture element
Another name for Force Per Area, used by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard.
Flächenlast
Planar Force
The $\textit{Planck function}$ is used to compute the radiance emitted from objects that radiate like a perfect "Black Body". The inverse of the $\textit{Planck Function}$ is used to find the $\textit{Brightness Temperature}$ of an object. The precise formula for the Planck Function depends on whether the radiance is determined on a $\textit{per unit wavelength}$ or a $\textit{per unit frequency}$. In the ISO System of Quantities, $\textit{Planck Function}$ is defined by the formula: $Y = -G/T$, where $G$ is Gibbs Energy and $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
The Planck function, $B_{\tilde{\nu}}(T)$, is given by: $B_{\nu}(T) = \frac{2h c^2\tilde{\nu}^3}{e^{hc / k \tilde{\nu} T}-1}$ where, $\tilde{\nu}$ is wavelength, $h$ is Planck's Constant, $k$ is Boltzman's Constant, $c$ is the speed of light in a vacuum, $T$ is thermodynamic temperature.
Planck Function
The inclination to each other of two intersecting lines, measured by the arc of a circle intercepted between the two lines forming the angle, the center of the circle being the point of intersection. An acute angle is less than $90^\circ$, a right angle $90^\circ$; an obtuse angle, more than $90^\circ$ but less than $180^\circ$; a straight angle, $180^\circ$; a reflex angle, more than $180^\circ$ but less than $360^\circ$; a perigon, $360^\circ$. Any angle not a multiple of $90^\circ$ is an oblique angle. If the sum of two angles is $90^\circ$, they are complementary angles; if $180^\circ$, supplementary angles; if $360^\circ$, explementary angles.
An angle formed by two straight lines (in the same plane) angle - the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians
Rovinný úhel
Sudut satah
angle plan
angolo piano
angulus planus
düzlemsel açı
ebener Winkel
kąt płaski
medida angular
plane angle
ravninski kot
szög
unghi plan
ángulo plano
Επίπεδη γωνία
Плоский угол
Равнинен ъгъл
זווית
الزاوية النصف قطرية
زاویه مستوی
क्षेत्र
弧度
角度
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PlasmaLevel
Plasma Level
The Poisson Ratio is the negative ratio of transverse to axial strain. In fact, when a sample object is stretched (or squeezed), to an extension (or contraction) in the direction of the applied load, it corresponds a contraction (or extension) in a direction perpendicular to the applied load. The ratio between these two quantities is the Poisson's ratio.
$\mu = \frac{\Delta \delta}{\Delta l}$, where $\Delta \delta$ is the lateral contraction and $\Delta l$ is the elongation.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PoissonRatio
Poisson Ratio
The polar moment of inertia is a quantity used to predict an object's ability to resist torsion, in objects (or segments of objects) with an invariant circular cross-section and no significant warping or out-of-plane deformation. It is used to calculate the angular displacement of an object subjected to a torque. It is analogous to the area moment of inertia, which characterizes an object's ability to resist bending.
Polar moment of inertia
"Polarizability" is the relative tendency of a charge distribution, like the electron cloud of an atom or molecule, to be distorted from its normal shape by an external electric field, which may be caused by the presence of a nearby ion or dipole. The electronic polarizability $\alpha$ is defined as the ratio of the induced dipole moment of an atom to the electric field that produces this dipole moment. Polarizability is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
measure of the deformability of the electron shell of molecules and atoms
Maß für die Deformierbarkeit der Elektronenhülle von Molekülen und Atomen
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Polarizability
Polarizability
polarisability
The Polarization Field is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. The polarization vector P is defined as the ratio of electric dipole moment per unit volume.
Polarization Field
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world, but can also represent the number of any kind of entity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Population
Population
A "Position Vector", also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector which represents the position of a point P in space in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O.
$r = \overrightarrow{OP}$, where $O$ and $P$ are two points in space.
Position Vector
A "Positive Dimensionless Ratio" is a dimensionless ratio that is greater than zero
"PositiveLength" is a measure of length strictly greater than zero.
A "PositivePlaneAngle" is a plane angle strictly greater than zero.
Positive Plane Angle
Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position in a gravity field in contrast with kinetic energy, that possessed by virtue of its motion.
$V = -\int F \cdot dr$, where $F$ is a conservative force and $R$ is a position vector.
Energia potencjalna
Energie potențială
Potansiyel enerji
Tenaga keupayaan
energia potencial
energia potenziale
energía potencial
potenciální energie
potential energy
potentielle Energie
énergie potentielle
потенциальная энергия
انرژی پتانسیل
طاقة وضع
स्थितिज ऊर्जा
位置エネルギー
势能
Power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted, or the amount of energy required or expended for a given unit of time. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power is: $P = W/t$, where $P$ is power, $W$ is work and {t} is time.
$P = F \cdot v$, where $F$ is force and $v$ is velocity.
Kuasa
Leistung
Výkon
güç
moc
moč
potencia
potentia
potenza
potência
power
puissance
putere
teljesítmény , hőáramlás
Ισχύς
Мощност
Мощность
הספק
القدرة
توان، نرخ جریان گرما
शक्ति
功率、热流
電力・仕事率
flux energetic
strumień promieniowania
ısı akış oranı
विकिरणी बहाव
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerArea
Power Area
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerAreaPerSolidAngle
Power Area per Solid Angle
ratio indicating the relationship between continuous power and continuous current
Verhältnis, das den Zusammenhang zwischen der Dauerkraft zum Dauerstrom kennzeichnet
power constant
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerDensity
PowerDensity
"Power Factor", under periodic conditions, is the ratio of the absolute value of the active power $P$ to the apparent power $S$.
$\lambda = \left | P \right | / \left | S \right |$, where $P$ is active power and $S$ is apparent power.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerFactor
Leistungsfaktor
Współczynnik mocy
facteur de puissance
factor de potencia
factor de putere
faktor kuasa
fator de potência
fattore di potenza
güç faktörü
power factor
Účiník
Коэффициент_мощности
ضریب توان
معامل القدرة
शक्ति गुणांक
力率
功率因数
Power Per Area
Power per Area Angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerPerAreaQuarticTemperature
Power per area quartic temperature
"Power Per Electric Charge" is the amount of energy generated by a unit of electric charge.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerPerElectricCharge
Power Per Electric Charge
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PowerPerVolume
Power per Volume
A $\textit{Poynting Vector}$ is the vector product of the electric field strength $\mathbf{E}$ and the magnetic field strength $\mathbf{H}$ of the electromagnetic field at a given point. The flux of the Poynting vector through a closed surface is equal to the electromagnetic power passing through this surface. For a periodic electromagnetic field, the time average of the Poynting vector is a vector of which, with certain reservations, the direction may be considered as being the direction of propagation of electromagnetic energy and the magnitude considered as being the average electromagnetic power flux density.
$\mathbf{S} = \mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{H} $, where $\mathbf{E}$ is electric field strength and \mathbf{H} is magnetic field strength.
"Poynting Vector" is the vector product of the electric field strength $\mathbf{E}$ and the magnetic field strength $\mathbf{H}" of the electromagnetic field at a given point. The flux of the Poynting vector through a closed surface is equal to the electromagnetic power passing through this surface. For a periodic electromagnetic field, the time average of the Poynting vector is a vector of which, with certain reservations, the direction may be considered as being the direction of propagation of electromagnetic energy and the magnitude considered as being the average electromagnetic power flux density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PoyntingVector
Poynting vector
Poynting-Vektor
vecteur de Poynting
vector de Poynting
vettore di Poynting
wektor Poyntinga
вектор Пойнтинга
متجَه بوينتنج
ポインティングベクトル
Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of force acting on a unit area. Pressure is distinct from stress, as the former is the ratio of the component of force normal to a surface to the surface area. Stress is a tensor that relates the vector force to the vector area.
$p = \frac{dF}{dA}$, where $dF$ is the force component perpendicular to the surface element of area $dA$.
Druck
Tekanan
Tlak
basınç
ciśnienie
nyomás
presiune
presión
pressio
pression
pressione
pressure
pressão
tlak
Πίεση - τάση
Давление
Налягане
לחץ
الضغط أو الإجهاد
فشار، تنش
दबाव
压强、压力
圧力
naprężenie
pritisk
tegasan
tensione meccanica
tensiune mecanică
tensão
механично напрежение
दाब
ratio between the amount-of-substance of a dissolved material and the mass of its solvent divided by the related pressure
Quotient Molarität (Quotient aus der Stoffmenge eines gelösten Stoffes und dem Volumen der Lösung) dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based amount-of-substance concentration
ratio of density divided by the related pressure
Quotient aus Dichte dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based density
ratio of dynamic viscosity divided by the related pressure
Quotient aus der dynamischen Viskosität dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based dynamic viscosity
ratio of electric current divided by the related pressure
Quotient elektrische Stromstärke dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based electric current
ratio of electric voltage divided by the related pressure
Quotient elektrischer Spannung dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based electric voltage
ratio of dynamic viscosity and density of the material divided by the related pressure
Quotient aus der dynamischen Viskosität und der Dichte eines Stoffes dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based kinematic viscosity
ratio of length divided by the related pressure
Quotient Länge dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based length
ratio of mass divided by the related pressure
Quotient Masse dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based mass
ratio of mass flow divided by the related pressure
Quotient Massenstrom dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based mass flow
ratio of molality divided by the related pressure
Quotient Molalität dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based molality
pressure-based quantity
ratio of temperature divided by the related pressure
Quotient Temperatur dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based temperature
ratio of velocity divided by the related pressure
Quotient Geschwindigkeit dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based velocity
ratio of volume divided by the related pressure
Quotient Volumen dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based volume
ratio of volume flow divided by the related pressure
Quotient Volumenstrom dividiert durch den zugehörigen Druck
pressure-based volume flow
Pressure Burning Rate Constant
Pressure Burning Rate Index
$\beta = \left (\frac{\partial p}{\partial T} \right )_V$, where $p$ is $pressure$, $T$ is thermodynamic temperature and $V$ is volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PressureCoefficient
Pressure Coefficient
differential pressure divided by the associated length
Differenzdruck dividiert durch die zugehörige Länge
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PressureGradient
pressure gradient
ratio between pressure and the volume flow at a given cross-sectional area, passing through this cross-sectional area
an einer festgelegten Querschnittsfläche der Quotient Druck durch den Volumenstrom, der durch diese Querschnittsfläche hindurchgeht
pressure in relation to volume flow
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PressureInRelationToVolumeFlowRate
pressure in relation to volume flow rate
"Pressure Loss per Length" refers to the power lost in overcoming the friction between two moving surfaces. Also referred to as "Friction Loss".
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PressureLossPerLength
Pressure Loss per Length
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PressureRatio
Pressure Ratio
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. (Wikipedia)
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Prevalence
Prevalence
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PrincipalQuantumNumber
Principal Quantum Number
The propagation constant, symbol $\gamma$, for a given system is defined by the ratio of the amplitude at the source of the wave to the amplitude at some distance x.
$\gamma = \alpha + j\beta$, where $\alpha$ is the attenuation coefficient and $\beta$ is the phase coefficient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PropagationCoefficient
Propagation coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:PropellantBurnRate
Propellant Burn Rate
Propellant Mass
Propellant Mean Bulk Temperature
Propellant Temperature
"Quality Factor", of a resonant circuit, is a measure of the "goodness" or quality of a resonant circuit. A higher value for this figure of merit correspondes to a more narrow bandwith, which is desirable in many applications. More formally, $Q$ is the ratio of power stored to power dissipated in the circuit reactance and resistance, respectively
If $\underline{Z} = R + jX$, then $Q = \left | X \right |/R$, where $\underline{Z}$ is impedance, $R$ is resistance, and $X$ is reactance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:QualityFactor
Quality Factor
Resolve Quality Facor - electronics and also doses
work of a light source provided in the form of light as the product of the luminous flux Φ produced by the light source and the time t for which this is radiated
in Form von Licht aufgebrachte Arbeit einer Lichtquelle als Produkt aus dem von der Lichtquelle ausgehenden Lichtstrom Φ und der Zeit t, während dieser ausgestrahlt wird
quantity of light
The "Quantum Number" describes values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of the quantum system. Perhaps the most peculiar aspect of quantum mechanics is the quantization of observable quantities, since quantum numbers are discrete sets of integers or half-integers.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:QuantumNumber
Quantum Number
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy
A quantity of mass held by Program/project management to mitigate the risk of over-predicted performance estimates, under predicted mass estimates, and future operational and mission specific requirements (program mass reserve, manager's mass reserve, launch window reserve, performance reserve, etc.).
Reserve Mass
Radio-Frequency Power. Power level of electromagnetic waves alternating at the frequency of radio waves (up to 10^10 Hz).
RF-Power Level
In classical geometry, the "Radial Distance" is a coordinate in polar coordinate systems (r, $\theta$). Basically the radial distance is the scalar Euclidean distance between a point and the origin of the system of coordinates.
$d = \sqrt{r_1^2 + r_2^2 -2r_1r_2\cos{(\theta_1 - \theta_2)}}$, where $P_1$ and $P_2$ are two points with polar coordinates $(r_1, \theta_1)$ and $(r_2, \theta_2)$, respectively, and $d$ is the distance.
Radial Distance
"Radiance" is a radiometric measure that describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction.
$L = \frac{dI}{dA}\frac{1}{cos\alpha}$, where $dI$ is the radiant intensity emitted from an element of the surface area $dA$, and angle $\alpha$ is the angle between the normal to the surface and the given direction.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Radiance
Radiance
Radiance Factor is the ratio of the radiance of the surface element in the given direction to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically irradiated unit.
$\beta = \frac{L_n}{L_d}$, where $L_n$ is the radiance of a surface element in a given direction and $L_d$ is the radiance of the perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically irradiated and viewed. Reflectance factor is equivalent to radiance factor or luminance factor (when the cone angle is infinitely small, and is equivalent to reflectance when the cone angle is $2π sr$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RadianceFactor
Radiance Factor
$M = \frac{d\Phi}{dA}$, where $d\Phi$ is the radiant flux leaving the element of the surface area $dA$.
Radiant Emmitance
In radiometry, $\textit{Radiant Energy}$ is the energy of electromagnetic waves. The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time. In nuclear physics, $\textit{Radiant Energy}$ is energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
In radiometry,"Radiant Energy} is the energy of electromagnetic waves. The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time. In nuclear physics, $\textit{Radiant Energy" is energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
Işınım erkesi
Strahlungsenergie
Tenaga sinaran
energia promienista
energia radiante
energie záření
energía radiante
radiant energy
énergie rayonnante
энергия излучения
انرژی تابشی
طاقة إشعاعية
विकिरण ऊर्जा
放射エネルギー
辐射能
"Radiant Energy Density", or radiant power, is the radiant energy per unit volume.
$w$, $\rho = \frac{dQ}{dV}$, where $dQ$ is the radiant energy in an elementary three-dimensional domain, and $dV$ is the volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RadiantEnergyDensity
Radiant Energy Density
Radiant exposure is a measure of the total radiant energy incident on a surface per unit area; equal to the integral over time of the radiant flux density. Also known as exposure.
$H = \int_{0}^{\Delta t}{E}{dt}$, where $E$ is the irradiance acting during the time interval with duration $\Delta t$.
Radiant Exposure
Radiant fluence rate, or spherical irradiance, is equal to the total radiant flux incident on a small sphere divided by the area of the diametrical cross-section of the sphere.
$H_0 = \int_{0}^{\Delta t}{E_0}{dt}$, where $E_0$ is the spherical radiance acting during time interval with duration $\Delta t$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RadiantFluence
Radiant Fluence
$E_0 = \int{L}{d\Omega}$, where $d\Omega$ is the solid angle of each elementary beam passing through the given point and $L$ its radiance at that point in the direction of the beam.
Radiant Fluence Rate
Radiant Flux, or radiant power, is the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light). The power may be the total emitted from a source, or the total landing on a particular surface.
$\Phi = \frac{dQ}{dt}$, where $dQ$ is the radiant energy emitted, transferred, or received during a time interval of the duration $dt$.
Strahlungsfluss
flusso radiante
flux énergétique
moc promieniowania
potencia radiante
potência radiante
radiant flux
قدرة إشعاعية
放射パワー
Strahlungsleistung
flujo radiante
fluxo energético
moc promienista
potenza radiante
puissance rayonnante
radiant power
Radiant Intensity is a measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. It is defined as power per unit solid angle.
$I = \frac{d\Phi}{d\Omega}$, where $d\Phi$ is the radiant flux leaving the source in an elementary cone containing the given direction with the solid angle $d\Omega$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RadiantIntensity
Radiant Intensity
"Radiative Heat Transfer" is proportional to $(T_1^4 - T_2^4)$ and area of the surface, where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are thermodynamic temperatures of two black surfaces, for non totally black surfaces an additional factor less than 1 is needed.
Radiative Heat Transfer
number of spontaneous nuclear transformations in a defined amount of substance during a sufficiently small period of time divided by this period, expressed as a ratio ∂N/∂t, where ∂N is the expected value for the number of spontaneous transformations from this state within the time period ∂t
Anzahl der spontanen Kernumwandlungen in einer gegebenen Menge eines Stoffes während eines hinreichend kleinen Zeitintervalls, dividiert durch dieses Zeitintervall, ausgedrückt als Quotient ∂N/∂t, wobei ∂N der Erwartungswert für die Anzahl der spontanen Übergänge aus diesem Zustand im Zeitintervall ∂t ist
radioactivity
Radiosity is the total emitted and reflected radiation leaving a surface.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Radiosity
Radiosity
In classical geometry, the "Radius" of a circle or sphere is any line segment from its center to its perimeter the radius of a circle or sphere is the length of any such segment.
$r = \frac{d}{2}$, where $d$ is the circle diameter.
Radius
In geometry, the "Radius of Curvature", R, of a curve at a point is a measure of the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point.
Radius of Curvature
quantity which uses a temperature scale with a zero value at the absolute temperature zero (0 K) like the Kelvin scale, but, in contrast with it, uses the scale intervals of the Fahrenheit scale
Größe, die eine Temperaturskala benutzt, die wie die Kelvin-Skala beim absoluten Temperatur-Nullpunkt (0 K) ihren Nullwert hat, jedoch im Gegensatz zu dieser den Skalenabstand der Fahrenheit-Skala verwendet
Rankine temperature
Rate of Change is a dimensionless change per unit time, such as a percentage change per second.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RateOfChange
Rate of Change
du/dt as time dependent change in voltage
du/dt als zeitabhängige änderung der Spannung
rise of off-state voltage
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Ratio
The specific heat ratio of a gas is the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure, $c_p$, to the specific heat at constant volume, $c_V$. It is sometimes referred to as the $\textit{adiabatic index}$, or the $\textit{heat capacity ratio}$, or the $\textit{isentropic expansion factor}$, or the $\textit{adiabatic exponent}$, or the $\textit{isentropic exponent}$.
$\gamma = c_p / c_V$, where $c$ is the specific heat of a gas, $c_p$ is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, $c_V$ is specific heat capacity at constant volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
Ratio of Specific Heat Capacities
$\textit{Reactance}$ is the opposition of a circuit element to a change of electric current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. A built-up electric field resists the change of voltage on the element, while a magnetic field resists the change of current. The notion of reactance is similar to electrical resistance, but they differ in several respects. Capacitance and inductance are inherent properties of an element, just like resistance.
$X = im \underline{Z}$, where $\underline{Z}$ is impedance and $im$ denotes the imaginary part.
"Reactance" is the opposition of a circuit element to a change of electric current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. A built-up electric field resists the change of voltage on the element, while a magnetic field resists the change of current. The notion of reactance is similar to electrical resistance, but they differ in several respects. Capacitance and inductance are inherent properties of an element, just like resistance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Reactance
Reactance
"Reaction Energy" in a nuclear reaction, is the sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.
Reaction Energy
Reactive charge is the amount of chemical unit charge, positive or negative, that reactive species donate, accept, or exchange in a chemical process. It counts stoichiometric charge units rather than particles and is expressed in equivalents or moles of charge.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReactiveCharge
Reactive Charge
Reactive Charge per Mass
Reactive energy is the integral of reactive power over time, representing the energy exchanged between the source and reactive elements (inductors and capacitors) in an AC electrical circuit. It is commonly measured in volt-ampere reactive hours (varh or kvarh).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReactiveEnergy
Reactive Energy
"Reactive Power", for a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit, under sinusoidal conditions, is the quantity equal to the product of the apparent power $S$ and the sine of the displacement angle $\psi$. The absolute value of the reactive power is equal to the non-active power. The ISO (and SI) unit for reactive power is the voltampere. The special name $\textit{var}$ and symbol $\textit{var}$ are given in IEC 60027 1.
$Q = lm \underline{S}$, where $\underline{S}$ is complex power. Alternatively expressed as: $Q = S \cdot \sin \psi$, where $\psi$ is the displacement angle.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReactivePower
Blindleistung
Jalový výkon
Kuasa reaktif
moc bierna
potencia reactiva
potenza reattiva
potência reativa
puissance réactive
reactive power
reaktif güç
القدرة الكهربائية الردفعلية;الردية
توان راکتیو
无功功率
無効電力
"Reactivity" characterizes the deflection of reactor from the critical state.
$\rho = \frac{k_{eff} - 1}{k_{eff}}$, where $k_{eff}$ is the effective multiplication factor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Reactivity
Reactivity
The "Reactor Time Constant", also called the reactor period, is the time during which the neutron flux density in a reactor changes by the factor e = 2.718 (e: basis of natural logarithms), when the neutron flux density increases or decreases exponentially.
Reactor Time Constant
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the resistance value
Größe, deren Wert sich umgekehrt proportional zum Widerstandswert verhält
reciprocal electric resistance
multiplicative inverse of energy
Kehrwert der Energie
reciprocal energy
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the angle value
Größe, deren Wert sich umgekehrt proportional zum Winkelwert verhält
reciprocal plane angle
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the voltage value
Größe, deren Wert sich umgekehrt proportional zum Spannungswert verhält
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReciprocalVoltage
reciprocal voltage
The "Recombination Coefficient" is the rate of recombination of positive ions with electrons or negative ions in a gas, per unit volume, divided by the product of the number of positive ions per unit volume and the number of electrons or negative ions per unit volume.
$-\frac{dn^+}{dt} = -\frac{dn^-}{dt} = an^+n^-$, where $n^+$ and $n^-$ are the ion number densities of positive and negative ions, respectively, recombined during an infinitesimal time interval with duration $dt$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RecombinationCoefficient
Recombination Coefficient
Reflectance generally refers to the fraction of incident power that is reflected at an interface, while the term "reflection coefficient" is used for the fraction of electric field reflected. Reflectance is always a real number between zero and 1.0.
$\rho = \frac{\Phi_t}{\Phi_m}$, where $\Phi_t$ is the reflected radiant flux, the reflected luminous flux, or the reflected sound power and $\Phi_m$ is the incident radiant flux, incident luminous flux, or incident sound power, respectively.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Reflectance
Reflectance
Reflectance Factor is the measure of the ability of a surface to reflect light or other electromagnetic radiation, equal to the ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux.
$R = \frac{\Phi_n}{\Phi_d}$, where $\Phi_n$ is the radiant flux or luminous flux reflected in the directions delimited by a given cone and $\Phi_d$ is the flux reflected in the same directions by an identically radiated diffuser of reflectance equal to 1.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReflectanceFactor
Reflectance Factor
For homogeneous and semi-infinite materials, reflectivity is the same as reflectance. Reflectivity is the square of the magnitude of the Fresnel reflection coefficient, which is the ratio of the reflected to incident electric field; as such the reflection coefficient can be expressed as a complex number as determined by the Fresnel equations for a single layer, whereas the reflectance is always a positive real number. For layered and finite media, according to the CIE, reflectivity is distinguished from reflectance by the fact that reflectivity is a value that applies to thick reflecting objects. When reflection occurs from thin layers of material, internal reflection effects can cause the reflectance to vary with surface thickness. Reflectivity is the limit value of reflectance as the sample becomes thick; it is the intrinsic reflectance of the surface, hence irrespective of other parameters such as the reflectance of the rear surface. Another way to interpret this is that the reflectance is the fraction of electromagnetic power reflected from a specific sample, while reflectivity is a property of the material itself, which would be measured on a perfect machine if the material filled half of all space.
Reflectivity
"refractive index" or index of refraction n of a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through that medium.
$n = \frac{c_0}{c}$, where $c_0$ is the speed of light in vacuum, and $c$ is the speed of light in the medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RefractiveIndex
Brechzahl
Indeks biasan
Index lomu
Indice de refracție
Współczynnik załamania
indice de réfraction
indice di rifrazione
kırılma indeksi
refractive index
índice de refracción
índice refrativo
Показатель преломления
ضریب شکست
معامل الانكسار
अपवर्तनांक
屈折率
折射率
Brechungsindex
"Relative Atomic Mass " is a dimensionless physical quantity, the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element (from a given source) to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (known as the unified atomic mass unit)
Relative Atomic Mass
$\textit{Relative Humidity}$ is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapour in an air-water mixture to the saturated vapour pressure of water at a prescribed temperature. The relative humidity of air depends not only on temperature but also on the pressure of the system of interest. $$$$ $\textit{Relative Humidity}$ is also referred to as $\textit{Relative Partial Pressure}$. $$$$ Relative partial pressure is often referred to as $RH$ and expressed in percent.
$\varphi = p / p_{sat}$, where $p$ is partial pressure of vapour, $p_{sat}$ is thermodynamic temperature and $V$ is its partial pressure at saturation (at the same temperature). Relative partial pressure is often referred to as $RH$ and expressed in percent. $\textit{Relative Humidity}$ is also referred to as $\textit{Relative Partial Pressure}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativeHumidity
Relative Humidity
"Relative Mass Concentration of Vapour" is one of a number of "Relative Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$\varphi = v / v_{sat}$, where $v$ is mass concentration of water vapour, $v_{sat}$ is its mass concentration of water vapour at saturation (at the same temperature). For normal cases, the relative partial pressure may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour.
Relative Mass Concentration of Vapour is one of a number of Relative Concentration quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour
Relative Mass Concentration of Vapour
The "Relative Mass Defect" is the mass defect between the monoisotopic mass of an element and the mass of its A + 1 or its A + 2 isotopic cluster.
$B_r = \frac{B}{m_u}$, where $B$ is the mass defect and $m_u$ is the unified atomic mass constant.
Relative Mass Defect
Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
$d = \frac{\rho}{\rho_0}$, where $\rho$ is mass density of a substance and $\rho_0$ is the mass density of a reference substance under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativeMassDensity
Relative Mass Density
The "Relative Mass Excess" is the mass excess between the monoisotopic mass of an element and the mass of its A + 1 or its A + 2 isotopic cluster (extrapolated from relative mass defect).
$\Delta_r = \frac{\Delta}{m_u}$, where $\Delta$ is the mass excess and $m_u$ is the unified atomic mass constant.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativeMassExcess
Relative Mass Excess
"Relative Mass Ratio of Vapour" is one of a number of "Relative Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 80000.
$\psi = x / x_{sat}$, where $x$ is mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas, $x_{sat}$ is its mass raio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation (at the same temperature).
Relative Mass Ratio of Vapour is one of a number of Relative Concentration quantities defined by ISO 80000.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativeMassRatioOfVapour
Relative Mass Ratio of Vapour
"Relative Molecular Mass " is equivalent to the numerical value of the molecular mass expressed in unified atomic mass units. The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a molecule.
Relative Molecular Mass
$\varphi = p / p_{sat}$, where $p$ is partial pressure of vapour, $p_{sat}$ is thermodynamic temperature and $V$ is its partial pressure at saturation (at the same temperature). Relative partial pressure is often referred to as $RH$ and expressed in percent. $\textit{Relative Partial Pressure}$ is also referred to as $\textit{Relative Humidity}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativePartialPressure
Relative Partial Pressure
$\alpha_p = \frac{1}{p}\left (\frac{\partial p}{\partial T} \right )_V$, where $p$ is $pressure$, $T$ is thermodynamic temperature and $V$ is volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RelativePressureCoefficient
Relative Pressure Coefficient
"Relaxation Time" is a time constant for exponential decay towards equilibrium.
Relaxation Time
"Reluctance" or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis of magnetic circuits. It is analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, but rather than dissipating electric energy it stores magnetic energy. In likeness to the way an electric field causes an electric current to follow the path of least resistance, a magnetic field causes magnetic flux to follow the path of least magnetic reluctance. It is a scalar, extensive quantity, akin to electrical resistance.
$R_m = \frac{U_m}{\Phi}$, where $U_m$ is magnetic tension, and $\Phi$ is magnetic flux.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Reluctance
Reluctance
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the length value
Größe, deren Wert sich umgekehrt proportional zum Längenwert verhält
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Repetency
repetency
"Residual Resistivity" for metals, is the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ResidualResistivity
Residual Resistivity
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electric current.
$R = \frac{u}{i}$, where $u$ is instantaneous voltage and $i$ is instantaneous electric current.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Resistance
Resistance
magnetic flux through the loop, caused by an electric current in the loop, divided by the product of this current and the resistance which prevents the flow of current
Magnetfluss durch die Schleife, verursacht durch einen elektrischen Strom in der Schleife, dividiert durch das Produkt aus diesen Strom und dem Widerstand, der diesen Stromfluss behindert
resistance-based inductance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ResistanceRatio
Resistance Ratio
"Resistivity" is the inverse of the conductivity when this inverse exists.
$\rho = \frac{1}{\sigma}$, if it exists, where $\sigma$ is conductivity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Resistivity
Resistivity
"Resonance Energy" in a nuclear reaction, is the kinetic energy of an incident particle, in the reference frame of the target, corresponding to a resonance in a nuclear reaction.
Resonance Energy
The "Resonance Escape Probability" is the fraction of fission neutrons that manage to slow down from fission to thermal energies without being absorbed. In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ResonanceEscapeProbability
Resonance Escape Probability
Fraction of fission neutrons that manage to slow down from fission to thermal energies without being absorbed.
Resonance Escape Probability For Fission
Respiratory rate (Vf, Rf or RR) is also known by respiration rate, pulmonary ventilation rate, ventilation rate, or breathing frequency is the number of breaths taken within a set amount of time, typically 60 seconds. A normal respiratory rate is termed eupnea, an increased respiratory rate is termed tachypnea and a lower than normal respiratory rate is termed bradypnea.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RespiratoryRate
Respiratory Rate
"Rest Energy" is the energy equivalent of the rest mass of a body, equal to the rest mass multiplied by the speed of light squared.
For a particle, $E_0 = m_0 c_0^2$, where $m_0$ is the rest mass of that particle, and $c_0$ is the speed of light in vacuum.
Rest Energy
The $\textit{Rest Mass}$, the invariant mass, intrinsic mass, proper mass, or (in the case of bound systems or objects observed in their center of momentum frame) simply mass, is a characteristic of the total energy and momentum of an object or a system of objects that is the same in all frames of reference related by Lorentz transformations. The mass of a particle type X (electron, proton or neutron) when that particle is at rest. For an electron: $m_e = 9,109 382 15(45) 10^{-31} kg$, for a proton: $m_p = 1,672 621 637(83) 10^{-27} kg$, for a neutron: $m_n = 1,674 927 211(84) 10^{-27} kg$. Rest mass is often denoted $m_0$.
Jisim rehat
Klidová hmotnost
Mirovna masa
Ruhemasse
dinlenme kütlesi
masa invariante
masa invariantă
masa spoczynkowa
massa a riposo
massa de repouso
masse au repos
rest mass
инвариантная масса
جرم سکون
كتلة ساكنة
निश्चर द्रव्यमान
不変質量
静止质量
invariantna masa
lastna masa
masa niezmiennicza
masse invariante
masse propre
träge Masse
масса покоя
Reverberation Time is the time required for reflections of a direct sound to decay by 60 dB below the level of the direct sound.
Reverberation Time
The "Reynolds Number" (Re) is a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and consequently quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.
$Re = \frac{\rho uL}{\mu} = \frac{uL}{\nu}$, where $\rho$ is mass density, $u$ is speed, $L$ is length, $\mu$ is dynamic viscosity, and $\nu$ is kinematic viscosity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ReynoldsNumber
Reynolds Number
"Richardson Constant" is a constant used in developing thermionic emission current density for a metal.
The thermionic emission current, $J$, for a metal is $J = AT^2\exp{(-\frac{\Phi}{kT})}$, where $T$ is thermodynamic temperature, $k$ is the Boltzmann constant, and $\Phi$ is a work function.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RichardsonConstant
Richardson Constant
Transverse force on rocket due to an atmosphere
Rocket Atmospheric Transverse Force
product of the moment of force M in a time interval multiplied by the duration of this interval
Produkt Drehmoment M in einem Zeitintervall mal Dauer dt dieses Zeitintervalls
rotary shock
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RotaryTranslatoryMotionConversion
A measure of the number of cycles that an item revolves per time period.
IfcRotationalFrequencyMeasure is a measure of the number of cycles that an item revolves in unit time. Usually measured in cycles/s.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RotationalFrequency
RotationalFrequency
"Rotational Mass" denotes the inertia of a body with respect to angular acceleration. It is usually measured in kg*m^2.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RotationalMass
Rotational Mass
Rotational Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied torque.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TorquePerAngle
Rotational Stiffness
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:RotationalVelocity
"Scalar Magnetic Potential" is the scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. The negative of the gradient of the scalar magnetic potential is the irrotational magnetic field strength. The magnetic scalar potential is not unique since any constant scalar field can be added to it without changing its gradient.
$\mathbf{H} = -grad V_m$, where $\mathbf{H}$ is magnetic field strength.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ScalarMagneticPotential
Scalar Magnetic Potential
The moment of inertia, also called mass moment of inertia, rotational inertia, polar moment of inertia of mass, or the angular mass is a property of a distribution of mass in space that measures its resistance to rotational acceleration about an axis.
$I_a = \int r^2_Q dA$, where $r_Q$ is the radial distance from a $Q-axis$ and $A$ is area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SecondAxialMomentOfArea
Second Axial Moment of Area
The second moment of area is a property of a physical object that can be used to predict its resistance to bending and deflection. The deflection of an object under load depends not only on the load, but also on the geometry of the object's cross-section.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SecondMomentOfArea
Flächenträgheitsmoment
Geometryczny moment bezwładności
Segundo momento de área
moment quadratique
second moment of area
secondo momento di area
segundo momento de érea
گشتاور دوم سطح
क्षेत्रफल का द्वितीय आघूर्ण
截面二次轴矩
断面二次モーメント
momento de inércia de área
A quantity kind that is a proportionality constant that quantifies the relationship between the molar concentrations of the reactants and the rate of a second order chemical reaction.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SecondOrderReactionRateConstant
Reaction Rate Constant
$I_p = \int r^2_Q dA$, where $r_Q$ is the radial distance from a $Q-axis$ and $A$ is area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SecondPolarMomentOfArea
Second Polar Moment of Area
constant in Planck's radiation law on the dependence of the spectral density of various radiation variables on the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and the absolute temperature of the black radiator, derived from the product of Planck's quantum of action times the velocity of light in relation to Boltzmann's constant
Konstante im Planckschen Strahlungsgesetz über die Abhängigkeit der spektralen Dichte verschiedener Strahlungsgrößen von der Wellenlänge der elektromagnetischen Strahlung und der absoluten Temperatur beim schwarzen Strahler, welche sich zusammensetzt aus dem Produkt Plancksches Wirkungsquantum mal Lichtgeschwindigkeit bezogen auf die Boltzmann-Konstante
second radiation constant
Mass ratio for the second stage of a multistage launcher.
Second Stage Mass Ratio
The sectional area integral measure is typically used in torsional analysis. It is usually measured in M⁵.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SectionAreaIntegral
Section Area Integral
The Section Modulus is a geometric property for a given cross-section used in the design of beams or flexural members.
$Z = \frac{I_a}{(r_Q)_{max}}$, where $I_a$ is the second axial moment of area and $(r_Q)_{max}$ is the maximum radial distance of any point in the surface considered from the $Q-axis$ with respect to which $I_a$ is defined.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SectionModulus
Section Modulus
"Seebeck Coefficient", or thermopower, or thermoelectric power of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material.
$S_{ab} = \frac{dE_{ab}}{dT}$, where $E_{ab}$ is the thermosource voltage between substances a and b, $T$ is the thermodynamic temperature of the hot junction.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SeebeckCoefficient
Seebeck Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SerumLevel
Serum Level
Serum or Plasma Level
The value indicates the multiplier of the rated power that equipment can handle for some period of time when operating according to a manufacturer's specified conditions; typically applicable to motors.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ServiceFactor
Service Factor
Information entropy applied to a collection of indiviual organisms [of selected species] in a sample area. A measure of biodiversity.
Shannon Diversity Index
The Shear Modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by $G$, or sometimes $S$ or $\mu$, is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
$G = \frac{\tau}{\gamma}$, where $\tau$ is the shear stress and $\gamma$ is the shear strain.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ShearModulus
Shear Modulus
Shear Strain is the amount of deformation perpendicular to a given line rather than parallel to it.
$\gamma = \frac{\Delta x}{d}$, where $\Delta x$ is the parallel displacement between two surfaces of a layer of thickness $d$.
Shear Strain
Shear stress occurs when the force occurs in shear, or perpendicular to the normal.
$\tau = \frac{dF_t}{dA}$, where $dF_t$ is the tangential component of force and $dA$ is the area of the surface element.
Shear Stress
"Short-Range Order Parameter" is the fraction of the nearest-neighbor atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
Short-Range Order Parameter
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ShortRangeOrderParameter
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SignalDetectionThreshold
Signal Detection Threshold
In telecommunications, particularly in radio, signal strength refers to the magnitude of the electric field at a reference point that is a significant distance from the transmitting antenna. It may also be referred to as received signal level or field strength. Typically, it is expressed in voltage per length or signal power received by a reference antenna. High-powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are expressed in dB-millivolts per metre (dBmV/m).
Signal Strength
Single Stage Launcher Mass Ratio
"Slowing-Down Area" in an infinite homogenous medium, is one-sixth of the mean square distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.
Slowing-Down Area
"Slowing-Down Density" is a measure of the rate at which neutrons lose energy in a nuclear reactor through collisions; equal to the number of neutrons that fall below a given energy per unit volume per unit time.
$q = -\frac{dn}{dt}$, where $n$ is the number density and $dt$ is the duration.
Slowing-Down Density
"Slowing-Down Length" is the average straight-line distance that a fast neutron will travel between its introduction into the slowing-downmedium (moderator) and thermalization.
Slowing-Down Length
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SlowingDownDensity
A specific volume that is the ratio of the amount of substance adsorbed per unit weight of organic carbon in the soil or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in aqueous solution at equilibrium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoilAdsorptionCoefficient
Soil Adsorption Coefficient
The solid angle subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area of a unit sphere covered by the surface S's projection onto the sphere. A solid angle is related to the surface of a sphere in the same way an ordinary angle is related to the circumference of a circle. Since the total surface area of the unit sphere is 4*pi, the measure of solid angle will always be between 0 and 4*pi.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SolidAngle
Prostorový úhel
Raumwinkel
Sudut padu
angle solide
angolo solido
angulus solidus
katı cisimdeki açı
kąt bryłowy
prostorski kot
solid angle
térszög
unghi solid
ángulo sólido
ângulo sólido
Στερεά γωνία
Пространствен ъгъл
Телесный угол
זווית מרחבית
الزاوية الصلبة
زاویه فضایی
立体角
立体角度
"Solid State Diffusion Length" is the average distance traveled by a particle, such as a minority carrier in a semiconductor
$L = \sqrt{D\tau}$, where $D$ is the diffusion coefficient and $\tau$ is lifetime.
Diffusion Length (Solid State Physics)
An amount of substance per unit volume that is the concentration of a saturated solution expressed as the ratio of the solute concentration over the volume of water. A substance's solubility fundamentally depends on several physical and chemical properties of the solution as well as the environment it is in.
Water Solubility
Sound energy density is the time-averaged sound energy in a given volume divided by that volume. The sound energy density or sound density (symbol $E$ or $w$) is an adequate measure to describe the sound field at a given point as a sound energy value.
$E = \frac{I}{c}$, where $I$ is the sound intensity in $\frac{W}{m^2}$ and $c$ is the sound speed in $\frac{m}{s}$.
Sound energy density
Sound Exposure is the energy of the A-weighted sound calculated over the measurement time(s). For a given period of time, an increase of 10 dB(A) in sound pressure level corresponds to a tenfold increase in E.
$E = \int_{t1}^{t2}p^2dt$, where $t1$ and $t2$ are the starting and ending times for the integral and $p$ is the sound pressure.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundExposure
Sound exposure
Sound Exposure Level abbreviated as $SEL$ and $LAE$, is the total noise energy produced from a single noise event, expressed as a logarithmic ratio from a reference level.
$L_E = 10 \log_{10} \frac{E}{E_0} dB$, where $E$ is sound power and the reference value is $E_0 = 400 \mu Pa^2 s$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundExposureLevel
Sound exposure level
Sound intensity or acoustic intensity ($I$) is defined as the sound power $P_a$ per unit area $A$. The usual context is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.
$I = pv$, where $p$ is the sound pressure and $v$ is sound particle velocity.
Sound intensity
In a compressible sound transmission medium - mainly air - air particles get an accelerated motion: the particle acceleration or sound acceleration with the symbol a in $m/s2$. In acoustics or physics, acceleration (symbol: $a$) is defined as the rate of change (or time derivative) of velocity.
$a = \frac{\partial v}{\partial t}$, where $v$ is sound particle velocity and $t$ is time.
Sound particle acceleration
Sound Particle Displacement is the nstantaneous displacement of a particle in a medium from what would be its position in the absence of sound waves.
Sound Particle Displacement
Sound Particle velocity is the velocity v of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. In many cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure as with sound, but it can also be a transverse wave as with the vibration of a taut string. When applied to a sound wave through a medium of a fluid like air, particle velocity would be the physical speed of a parcel of fluid as it moves back and forth in the direction the sound wave is travelling as it passes.
$v = \frac{\partial\delta }{\partial t}$, where $\delta$ is sound particle displacement and $t$ is time.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundParticleVelocity
Schallschnelle
prędkość akustyczna
sound particle velocity
velocidad acústica de una partícula
velocidade acústica de uma partícula
velocità di spostamento
vitesse acoustique d‘une particule
سرعة جسيم
粒子速度
prędkość cząstki
Sound power or acoustic power $P_a$ is a measure of sonic energy $E$ per time $t$ unit. It is measured in watts and can be computed as sound intensity ($I$) times area ($A$).
$P_a = IA$, where $I$ is the sound intensity in $\frac{W}{m^2}$ and $A$ is the area in $m^2$.
Schallleistung
moc akustyczna
potencie acústica
potenza sonora
potência acústica
puissance acoustique
sound power
звуковая мощность
القدرة الصوتية
音源の音響出力
potência sonora
Sound Power Level abbreviated as $SWL$ expresses sound power more practically as a relation to the threshold of hearing - 1 picoW - in a logarithmic scale.
$L_W = 10 \log_{10} \frac{P}{P_0} dB$, where $P$ is sound power and the reference value is $P_0 =1pW$.
Sound power level
Sound Pressure is the difference between instantaneous total pressure and static pressure.
Sound pressure
Sound pressure level ($SPL$) or sound level is a logarithmic measure of the effective sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value. It is measured in decibels (dB) above a standard reference level.
$L_P = 10 \log_{10} \frac{p^2}{p_0^2} dB$, where $p$ is sound pressure and the reference value in airborne acoustics is $p_0 = 20 \mu Pa$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundPressureLevel
Hladina akustického tlaku
Schalldruckpegel
Tahap medan
gerilim veya akım oranı
livello di pressione sonora
miary wielkości ilorazowych
niveau de pression acoustique
nivel de presión sonora
nível de pressão acústica
sound pressure level
уровень звукового давления
سطح یک کمیت توان-ریشه
كمية جذر الطاقة
利得
声压级
Tahap tekanan bunyi
The Sound Reduction Index is used to measure the level of sound insulation provided by a structure such as a wall, window, door, or ventilator.
$R = 10 \log (\frac{1}{\tau}) dB$, where $\tau$ is the transmission factor.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundReductionIndex
Sound reduction index
Sound Volume Velocity is the product of particle velocity $v$ and the surface area $S$ through which an acoustic wave of frequency $f$ propagates. Also, the surface integral of the normal component of the sound particle velocity over the cross-section (through which the sound propagates). It is used to calculate acoustic impedance.
$q= vS$, where $v$ is sound particle velocity and $S$ is the surface area through which an acoustic wave of frequence $f$ propagates.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SoundVolumeVelocity
Sound volume velocity
The quantity kind $\textit{Source Voltage}$, also referred to as $\textit{Source Tension}$ is the voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. The name $\text{electromotive force}$ with the abbreviation $\textit{EMF}$ and the symbol $E$ is deprecated.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Voltage
Source Voltage
"Source Voltage Between Substances" is the source voltage between substance a and b.
Source Voltage Between Substances
"Spatial Summation Function" is he ability to produce a composite signal from the signals coming into the eyes from different directions.
Spatial Summation Function
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificAcousticImpedance
Specific Acoustic Impedance
The "Specific Activity" is the number of decays per unit time of a radioactive sample. The SI unit of radioactive activity is the becquerel (Bq), in honor of the scientist Henri Becquerel.
$a = \frac{A}{m}$, where $A$ is the activity of a sample and $m$ is its mass.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificActivity
Specific Activity
Electric charge (often capacity in the context of electrochemical cells) relativ to the mass (often only active components). capacity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificElectricCharge
Specific Electric Charge
"Specific Electric Current" is a measure to specify the applied current relative to a corresponding mass. This measure is often used for standardization within electrochemistry.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificElectricCurrent
Specific Electrical Current
$\textit{Specific Energy}$ is defined as the energy per unit mass. Common metric units are $J/kg$. It is an intensive property. Contrast this with energy, which is an extensive property. There are two main types of specific energy: potential energy and specific kinetic energy. Others are the $\textit{gray}$ and $\textit{sievert}$, which are measures for the absorption of radiation. $$$$ The concept of specific energy applies to a particular or theoretical way of extracting useful energy from the material considered that is usually implied by context. These intensive properties are each symbolized by using the lower case letter of the symbol for the corresponding extensive property, which is symbolized by a capital letter. For example, the extensive thermodynamic property enthalpy is symbolized by $H$; specific enthalpy is symbolized by $h$.
$e = E/m$, where $E$ is energy and $m$ is mass.
Specific Energy
The "Specific Energy Imparted", is the energy imparted to an element of irradiated matter divided by the mass, dm, of that element.
For ionizing radiation, $z = \frac{\varepsilon}{m}$, where $\varepsilon$ is the energy imparted to irradiated matter and $m$ is the mass of that matter.
Specific Energy Imparted
$\textit{Specific Enthalpy}$ is enthalpy per mass of substance involved. Specific enthalpy is denoted by a lower case h, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg). In thermodynamics, $\textit{enthalpy}$ is the sum of the internal energy U and the product of pressure p and volume V of a system: $H = U + pV$. The internal energy U and the work term pV have dimension of energy, in SI units this is joule; the extensive (linear in size) quantity H has the same dimension.
$h = H/m$, where $H$ is enthalpy and $m$ is mass.
Specific Enthalpy
"Specific Entropy" is entropy per unit of mass.
$s = S/m$, where $S$ is entropy and $m$ is mass.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificEntropy
Specific Entropy
$\textit{Specific Gibbs Energy}$ is a "corresponding intensive property", which is $\textit{Gibbs Energy}$ per mass of substance involved. Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. $\textit{Specific Gibbs Energy}$ is denoted by a lower case $g$, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: $joule/kg$).
$g = G/m$, where $G$ is Gibbs energy and $m$ is mass.
Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. A corresponding intensive property is "Specific Gibbs Energy}, which is $\textit{Gibbs Energy} per mass of substance involved. $\textit{Specific Gibbs Energy" is denoted by a lower case g, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg).
Specific Gibbs Energy
"Specific Heat Capacity" of a solid or liquid is defined as the heat required to raise unit mass of substance by one degree of temperature. This is $\textit{Heat Capacity}$ divided by $\textit{Mass}$. Note that there are corresponding molar quantities.
Specific Heat Capacity of a solid or liquid is defined as the heat required to raise unit mass of substance by one degree of temperature. This is Heat Capacity divided by Mass. Note that there are corresponding molar quantities.
Specific Heat Capacity
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
Specific heat capacity at constant pressure
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
Specific heat capacity at constant volume
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation
Specific Heat Capacity at Saturation
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHeatPressure
Specific Heat Pressure
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHeatVolume
Specific Heat Volume
The ratio of specific heats, for the exhaust gases adiabatic gas constant, is the relative amount of compression/expansion energy that goes into temperature $T$ versus pressure $P$ can be characterized by the heat capacity ratio: $\gamma\frac{C_P}{C_V}$, where $C_P$ is the specific heat (also called heat capacity) at constant pressure, while $C_V$ is the specific heat at constant volume.
Specific Heats Ratio
$\textit{Specific Helmholtz Energy}$ is a "corresponding intensive property", which is $\textit{Helmholz Energy}$ per mass of substance involved. Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. $\textit{Specific Helmholz Energy}$ is denoted by a lower case $u$, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: $joule/kg$).
$a = A/m$, where $A$ is Helmholtz energy and $m$ is mass.
Specific Helmholtz Energy
Specific humidity (or moisture content) is the ratio of the mass of water vapour to the total mass of the air parcel. It is approximately equal to the mixing ratio, defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in the same parcel. Specific humidity is commonly represented by the symbol $\omega$ and is widely used in psychrometrics and HVAC system design.
Specific humidity (or moisture content) is the ratio of the mass of water vapour to the total mass of the air parcel. It is approximately equal to the mixing ratio, defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in the same parcel.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificHumidity
Specific Humidity
The impulse produced by a rocket divided by the mass $mp$ of propellant consumed. Specific impulse ${I_{sp}}$ is a widely used measure of performance for chemical, nuclear, and electric rockets. It is usually given in seconds for both U.S. Customary and International System (SI) units. The impulse produced by a rocket is the thrust force $F$ times its duration $t$ in seconds. $I_{sp}$ is the thrust per unit mass flowrate, but with $g_o$, is the thrust per weight flowrate. The specific impulse is given by the equation: $I_{sp} = \frac{F}{\dot{m}g_o}$.
Specific Impulse
Specific Impulse by Mass
Specific Impulse by Weight
Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. A corresponding intensive property is specific internal energy, which is energy per mass of substance involved. Specific internal energy is denoted by a lower case u, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg).
$u = U/m$, where $U$ is thermodynamic energy and $m$ is mass.
Specific Internal Energy
Specific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness. High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is required. The dimensional analysis yields units of distance squared per time squared.
$specific modulus = E/\rho$, where $E$ is elastic modulus and $\rho$ is density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificModulus
Specific Modulus
Specific Stiffness
Stiffness to Weight Ratio
material-specific quantity, which results as angle of rotation of a substance for a defined wavelength and a defined temperature from the relation: quotient of measured angle of rotation divided by the mass concentration and the radiographed distance
materialspezifische Größe, die sich als Drehwinkel einer Substanz für eine bestimmte Wellenlänge und eine bestimmte Temperatur ergibt durch die Beziehung: Quotient aus gemessener Drehwinkel dividiert durch die Massenkonzentration und die durchstrahlte Wegstrecke
specific optical rotational ability
The "Specific Optical Rotatory Power" Angle of optical rotation divided by the optical path length through the medium and by the mass concentration of the substance giving the specific optical rotatory power.
$\alpha_m = \alpha \frac{A}{m}$, where $\alpha$ is the angle of optical rotation, and $m$ is the mass of the optically active component in the path of a linearly polarized light beam of cross sectional area $A$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificOpticalRotatoryPower
Specific Optical Rotatory Power
Specific power, also known as power-to-weight ratio, is the amount of power output per unit mass of the power source. It is generally used to measure the performance of that power source. The higher the ratio, the more power a system produces relative to its weight. It's commonly used in the automotive and aerospace industries to compare the performance of different engines. It's generally measured in watts per kilogram (W/kg) or horsepower per pound (hp/lb).
Specific Power
Power-to-Weight Ratio
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, (with units of m2/kg or m2/g). It is a physical value that can be used to determine the type and properties of a material (e.g. soil or snow). It has a particular importance for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactions on surfaces.
$SSA = \frac{SA}{\m}$, where $SA$ is the surface area of an object and $\m$ is the mass density of the object.
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, (with units of m²/kg or m²/g). It is a physical value that can be used to determine the type and properties of a material (e.g. soil or snow). It has a particular importance for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactions on surfaces.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificSurfaceArea
Specific Surface Area
Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. It represents the force with respect to the amount of propellant used per unit time.[1] If the "amount" of propellant is given in terms of mass (such as kilograms), then specific impulse has units of velocity. If it is given in terms of Earth-weight (such as kiloponds), then specific impulse has units of time. The conversion constant between the two versions of specific impulse is g. The higher the specific impulse, the lower the propellant flow rate required for a given thrust, and in the case of a rocket the less propellant is needed for a given delta-v per the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation.
Specific thrust
"Specific Volume" ($\nu$) is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. It is equal to the inverse of density.
$sv = \frac{1}{\rho}$, where $\rho$ is mass density.
Specific Volume
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight per unit volume of a material. Note that weight is defined as a force, distinct from mass.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpecificWeight
specific weight
"Spectral Angular Cross-section" is the cross-section for ejecting or scattering a particle into an elementary cone with energy $E$ in an energy interval, divided by the solid angle $d\Omega$ of that cone and the range $dE$ of that interval.
$\sigma = \int \int \sigma_{\Omega,E} d\Omega dE$
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpectralAngularCrossSection
Spectral Angular Cross-section
energy distribution of the instantaneous value of radiant energy in relation to the volume of the propagation medium
Energieverteilung des Augenblickswertes der Strahlungsenergie, bezogen auf das Volumen des Ausbreitungsmediums
spectral concentration of radiant energy density
number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, divided by the size of that interval and by volume
Anzahl von Vibrationsmodi in einem infinitesimalen Energie-Intervall der Kreisfrequenz, dividiert durch die Größe dieses Energie-Intervalls und durch das zugehörige Volumen
spectral concentration of vibrational modes (in terms of angular frequency)
"Spectral Cross-section" is the cross-section for a process in which the energy of the ejected or scattered particle is in an interval of energy, divided by the range $dE$ of this interval.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpectralCrossSection
Spectral Cross-section
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpectralDensityOfVibrationalModes
Spectral Emittance is a radiometry term for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation unit wavelength emerging from a surface.
Spectral Irradiance is a radiometry term for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation per unit wavelength incident at a surface.
The Spectral Luminous Efficiency is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light. It is the ratio of luminous flux to power. A common choice is to choose units such that the maximum possible efficacy, 683 lm/W, corresponds to an efficiency of 100%.
$V(\lambda) = \frac{\Phi_\lambda(\lambda_m)}{\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)}$, where $\Phi_\lambda(\lambda_m)$ is the spectral radiant flux at wavelength $\lambda_m$ and $\Phi_\lambda(\lambda)$ is the spectral radiant flux at wavelength $\lambda$, such that both radiations produce equal luminous sensations under specified photometric conditions and $\lambda_m$ is chosen so that the maximum value of this ratio is equal to 1.
Spectral Luminous Efficiency
Spectral Radiance is a radiometry term for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation per unit wavelength per unit solid angle emerging from a surface.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpectralRadiance
"Spectral Radiant Energy Density" is the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpectralRadiantEnergyDensity
Spectral Radiant Energy Density
spectral radiant energy density in terms of wavelength
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Speed
Speed
The quantity kind $\text{Speed of Light}$ is the speed of electomagnetic waves in a given medium.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpeedOfLight
Hitrost svetlobe
Işık hızı
Kelajuan cahaya
Lichtgeschwindigkeit
Prędkość światła
Rychlost světla
Velocidade da luz
Viteza luminii
speed of light
velocidad de la luz
velocità della luce
vitesse de la lumière
Скорость света
سرعة الضوء
سرعت نور
प्रकाश का वेग
光速
The speed of sound is the distance travelled during a unit of time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium.
$c = \sqrt{\frac{K}{\rho}}$, where $K$ is the coefficient of stiffness, the bulk modulus (or the modulus of bulk elasticity for gases), and $\rho$ is the density. Also, $c^2 = \frac{\partial p}{\partial \rho}$, where $p$ is the pressure and $\rho$ is the density.
Hitrost zvoka
Kelajuan bunyi
Schallgeschwindigkeit
Ses hızı
prędkość dźwięku
rychlost zvuku
speed of sound
velocidad del sonido
velocidade do som
velocità del suono
vitesse du son
viteza sunetului
скорость звука
سرعة الصوت
سرعت صوت
ध्वनि का वेग
音速
Schallausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit
célérité du son
Speed ratio generally refers to the ratio of the rotational speeds of two interconnected rotating components, but it sometimes relates linear speeds.
Speed Ratio
Spherical illuminance is equal to quotient of the total luminous flux $\Phi_v$ incident on a small sphere by the cross section area of that sphere.
$E_v,0 = \int_{4\pi sr}{L_v}{d\Omega}$, where $d\Omega$ is the solid angle of each elementary beam passing through the given point and $L_v$ is its luminance at that point in the direction of the beam.
Illuminance
In quantum mechanics and particle physics "Spin" is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.
Spin
espín
spin
Спин
اسپین/چرخش
لف مغزلي
スピン角運動量
自旋
$s^2 = \hbar^2 s(s + 1)$, where $s$ is the spin quantum number and $\hbar$ is the Planck constant.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SpinQuantumNumber
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SquareTime
Square Time
Stage Propellant Mass
Stage Structure Mass
The "Standard Absolute Activity" is proportional to the absoulte activity of the pure substance $B$ at the same temperature and pressure multiplied by the standard pressure.
$\lambda_B^\Theta = \lambda_B^*(p^\Theta)$, where $\lambda_B^\Theta$ the absolute activity of the pure substance $B$ at the same temperature and pressure, and $p^\Theta$ is standard pressure.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StandardAbsoluteActivity
Standard Absolute Activity
"Standard Chemical Potential" is the value of the chemical potential at standard conditions
Standard Chemical Potential
In celestial mechanics the standard gravitational parameter of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of the body. Expressed as $\mu = G \cdot M$. The SI units of the standard gravitational parameter are $m^{3}s^{-2}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StandardGravitationalParameter
Standard Gravitational Parameter
function of energy in a solid, determined by the number of permissible quantum states in the energy range between E and E+dE per volume of material of this solid
Funktion der Energie in einem Festkörper, bestimmt durch die Anzahl von erlaubten Quantenzuständen im Energiebereich zwischen E und E+dE je Volumen des Materials dieses Festkörpers
state density
ratio between number of vibration modes in an infinitesimal interval of the angular frequency and the length of this interval and the volume
Quotient aus Anzahl von Vibrationsmodi in einem infinitesimalen Intervall der Kreisfrequenz durch die Spannweite dieses Intervalls und das Volumen
state density as expression of angular frequency)
state density as expression of angular frequency
"State of Charge",quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing.
""State of Charge",quantifies the remaining capacity available in a battery at a given time and in relation to a given state of ageing.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StateOfCharge
State of charge
Remaining battery energy level
Static friction is friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface.
Static Friction
$\mu = \frac{F_max}{N}$, where $F_max$ is the maximum tangential component of the contact force and $N$ is the normal component of the contact force between two bodies at relative rest.
Static Friction Coefficient
"Static Pressure" is the pressure at a nominated point in a fluid. Every point in a steadily flowing fluid, regardless of the fluid speed at that point, has its own static pressure $P$, dynamic pressure $q$, and total pressure $P_0$. The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, that is $P_0 = P + q$.
Static pressure
A "Statistical Weight" is the relative probability (possibly unnormalized) of a particular feature of a state.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StatisticalWeight
Statistical Weight
In probability theory, a stochastic process, or sometimes random process is a collection of random variables; this is often used to represent the evolution of some random value, or system, over time. This is the probabilistic counterpart to a deterministic process (or deterministic system).
Stochastic Process
Chemical reactions, as macroscopic unit operations, consist of simply a very large number of elementary reactions, where a single molecule reacts with another molecule. As the reacting molecules (or moieties) consist of a definite set of atoms in an integer ratio, the ratio between reactants in a complete reaction is also in integer ratio. A reaction may consume more than one molecule, and the "Stoichiometric Number" counts this number, defined as positive for products (added) and negative for reactants (removed).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StoichiometricNumber
Stoichiometric Number
In any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour, strain is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of stress on a physical body. Strain is calculated by first assuming a change between two body states: the beginning state and the final state. Then the difference in placement of two points in this body in those two states expresses the numerical value of strain. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape. [Wikipedia]. Strain is commonly used as a synonym for LinearStrain.
In any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour, strain is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of stress on a physical body. Strain is calculated by first assuming a change between two body states: the beginning state and the final state. Then the difference in placement of two points in this body in those two states expresses the numerical value of strain. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape. [Wikipedia] Strain is commonly used as a synonym for LinearStrain.
Strain
Defined as the 'work done' for a given strain, that is the area under the stress-strain curve after a specified eation. Source(s): http://www.prepol.com/product-range/product-subpages/terminology
Strain Energy Density
In fracture mechanics, the energy release rate, G, is the rate at which energy is transformed as a material undergoes fracture. Mathematically, the energy release rate is expressed as the decrease in total potential energy per increase in fracture surface area, and is thus expressed in terms of energy per unit area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StrainEnergyReleaseRate
Strain Energy Release Rate
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface within a deformable body on which internal forces act. In other words, it is a measure of the intensity or internal distribution of the total internal forces acting within a deformable body across imaginary surfaces. These internal forces are produced between the particles in the body as a reaction to external forces applied on the body. Stress is defined as ${\rm{Stress}} = \frac{F}{A}$.
Stress
In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor (K) is used to predict the stress state ("stress intensity") near the tip of a crack or notch caused by a remote load or residual stresses. It is a theoretical construct usually applied to a homogeneous, linear elastic material and is useful for providing a failure criterion for brittle materials, and is a critical technique in the discipline of damage tolerance. The concept can also be applied to materials that exhibit small-scale yielding at a crack tip.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StressIntensityFactor
Stress Intensity Factor
When a ray of light passes through a photoelastic material, its electromagnetic wave components are resolved along the two principal stress directions and each component experiences a different refractive index due to the birefringence. The difference in the refractive indices leads to a relative phase retardation between the two components. Assuming a thin specimen made of isotropic materials, where two-dimensional photoelasticity is applicable, the magnitude of the relative retardation is given by the stress-optic law Δ=((2πt)/λ)C(σ₁-σ₂), where Δ is the induced retardation, C is the stress-optic coefficient, t is the specimen thickness, λ is the vacuum wavelength, and σ₁ and σ₂ are the first and second principal stresses, respectively.
When a ray of light passes through a photoelastic material, its electromagnetic wave components are resolved along the two principal stress directions and each component experiences a different refractive index due to the birefringence. The difference in the refractive indices leads to a relative phase retardation between the two components. Assuming a thin specimen made of isotropic materials, where two-dimensional photoelasticity is applicable, the magnitude of the relative retardation is given by the stress-optic law $\Delta ={\frac {2\pi t}{\lambda }}C(\sigma _{1}-\sigma _{2})$, where $\Delta$ is the induced retardation, $C$ is the stress-optic coefficient, $t$ is the specimen thickness, $\lambda$ is the vacuum wavelength, and $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$ are the first and second principal stresses, respectively.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StressOpticCoefficient
Stress-Optic Coefficient
Structural efficiency is a function of the weight of structure to the afforded vehicle's strength.
Structural Efficiency
"Structure Factor" is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation.
$F(h, k, l) = \sum_{n=1}^N f_n\exp{[2\pi i(hx_n + ky_n +lz_n)]}$, where $f_n$ is the atomic scattering factor for atom $n$, and $x_n$, $y_n$, and $z_n$ are fractional coordinates in the unit cell; for $h$, $k$, and $l$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:StructureFactor
Structure Factor
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SunProtectionFactorOfAProduct
"Superconduction Transition Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.
Superconduction Transition Temperature
"Superconductor Energy Gap" is the width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.
Superconductor Energy Gap
The "Surface Activity Density" is undefined.
$a_s = \frac{A}{S}$, where $S$ is the total area of the surface of a sample and $A$ is its activity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SurfaceActivityDensity
Surface Activity Density
$q = h (T_s - T_r)$, where $T_s$ is areic heat flow rate is the thermodynamic temperature of the surface, and is a reference thermodynamic temperature characteristic of the adjacent surroundings.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
Surface Coefficient of Heat Transfer
The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, or superficial density) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area.
$\rho_A = \frac{dm}{dA}$, where $m$ is mass and $A$ is area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SurfaceDensity
Surface Density
quotient of the volume of a material, which passes through a specified surface, and the therefor required time divided by this specified area
Quotient aus dem Volumen eines Stoffes, das durch eine vorgegebene Oberfläche hindurchgeht, und der dazu benötigten Zeit dividiert durch diese vorgegebene Fläche
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SurfaceRelatedVolumeFlow
surface-related volume flow
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:SurfaceRelatedVolumeFlowRate
"Surface Tension" is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force.
$\gamma = \frac{dF}{dl}$, where $F$ is the force component perpendicular to a line element in a surface and $l$ is the length of the line element.
Oberflächenspannung
Tegangan permukaan
Tensiune superficială
Yüzey gerilimi
napięcie powierzchniowe
povrchové napětí
površinska napetost
surface tension
tension superficielle
tensione superficiale
tensión superficial
tensão superficial
поверхностное натяжение
توتر سطحي
کشش سطحی
पृष्ठ तनाव
表面张力
表面張力
tension de surface
in a mechanical system the area-related quotient of a force affecting to a point divided by the resulting component of the particle velocity in direction of the force
in einem mechanischen System der flächenbezogene Quotient einer an einem Punkt angreifenden Kraft durch die resultierende Komponente der Teilchengeschwindigkeit in Richtung der Kraft
surge impedance of the medium
"Susceptance" is the imaginary part of admittance. The inverse of admittance is impedance and the real part of admittance is conductance.
$B = \lim{\underline{Y}}$, where $\underline{Y}$ is admittance.
Susceptance
rate, at which a symbol, consisting of one or more bits, is transmitted per second
Geschwindigkeit, mit der ein aus mehreren Bit bestehendes Symbol je Sekunde übertragen wird
symbol transmission rate
Systolic Blood Pressure
An informal mass limit established by a Project Office (at the Element Integrated Product Team (IPT) level or below) to control mass.
Target Bogie Mass
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot. Heat spontaneously flows from bodies of a higher temperature to bodies of lower temperature, at a rate that increases with the temperature difference and the thermal conductivity.
Temperature
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperatureAmountOfSubstance
Temperature Amount of Substance
ratio of material concentration divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Stoffmengenkonzentration dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based amount-of-substance concentration
ratio of density divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Dichte dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based density
ratio of dynamic viscosity, divided by temperature
Quotient der dynamischen Viskosität dividiert durch die Temperatur
temperature-based dynamic viscosity
ratio of dynamic viscosity and the density of a material, divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus der dynamischen Viskosität und der Dichte eines Stoffes dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based kinematic viscosity
ratio of length divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Länge dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based length
ratio of mass divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Masse dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based mass
ratio of mass flow divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Massenstrom dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based mass flow rate
temperature-based quantity
ratio of velocity divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Geschwindigkeit dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based velocity
ratio of volume flow divided by the related temperature
Quotient aus Volumenstrom dividiert durch die zugehörige Temperatur
temperature-based volume flow rate
Temperature difference (Delta T) is the difference of temperatures between two measuring points
Temperaturdifferenz
temperature difference
The temperature gradient measures the difference of a temperature per length, as for instance used in an external wall or its layers. It is usually measured in K/m.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperatureGradient
Temperature Gradient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity
Temperature per Magnetic Flux Density
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperaturePerSquareTime
Temperature per Square Time
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperaturePerTime
Temperature per Time
Temperature per Time Squared
The "Temperature Rate of Change" measures the difference of a temperature per time (positive: rise, negative: fall), as for instance used with heat sensors. It is for example measured in K/s.
Temperature Rate of Change
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperatureRatio
Temperature Ratio
molarity (mass of a substance in relation to the amount of this substance) divided by temperature
Molarität (Masse einer Substanz bezogen auf die Stoffmenge dieser Substanz ) dividiert durch die Temperatur
temperature-related molar mass
volume divided by temperature
Volumen dividiert durch Temperatur
temperature-related volume
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemperatureVariance
Temperature Variance
Variance for NEON temperature data measured in degrees celcius
Temperature Variance, NEON
"Temporal Summation Function" is the ability of the human eye to produce a composite signal from the signals coming into an eye during a short time interval.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TemporalSummationFunction
Temporal Summation Function
Tension
The heat transfer coefficient is also known as thermal admittance in the sense that the material may be seen as admitting heat to flow.
Thermal Admittance
ratio between the supplied quantity of heat and the temperature range caused by the supplied quantity of heat
Quotient aus der zugeführten Wärmemenge und der Temperaturänderungen, die durch diese zugeführte Wärmemenge verursacht wird
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalCapacitance
thermal capacitance
median relative change in length over a specific length of the test piece, divided by the temperature range caused by it
auf eine festgelegte Länge des Probekörpers bezogene mittlere relative Längenänderung dividiert durch die sie verursachende Temperaturänderung
thermal coefficient of linear expansion
This quantity is also called "Heat Transfer Coefficient".
$G = 1/R$, where $R$ is "Thermal Resistance"
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalConductance
Thermal Conductance
In physics, thermal conductivity, $k$ (also denoted as $\lambda$), is the property of a material's ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction and is the areic heat flow rate divided by temperature gradient.
$\lambda = \frac{\varphi}{T}$, where $\varphi$ is areic heat flow rate and $T$ is temperature gradient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalConductivity
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal diffusion is a phenomenon in which a temperature gradient in a mixture of fluids gives rise to a flow of one constituent relative to the mixture as a whole. in the context of the equation that describes thermal diffusion, the "Thermal Diffusion Factor" is .
$\alpha_T = \frac{k_T}{(x_A x_B)}$, where $k_T$ is the thermal diffusion ratio, and $x_A$ and $x_B$ are the local amount-of-substance fractions of the two substances $A$ and $B$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionFactor
Thermal Diffusion Factor
The "Thermal Diffusion Ratio" is proportional to the product of the component concentrations.
In a steady state of a binary mixture in which thermal diffusion occurs, $grad x_B = -(\frac{k_T}{T}) grad T$, where $x_B$ is the amount-of-substance fraction of the heavier substance $B$, and $T$ is the local thermodynamic temperature.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionRatio
Thermal Diffusion Ratio
The "Thermal Diffusion Coefficient" is .
$D_T = kT \cdot D$, where $k_T$ is the thermal diffusion ratio, and $D$ is the diffusion coefficient.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionRatioCoefficient
Thermal Diffusion Coefficient
In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity (usually denoted $\alpha$ but $a$, $\kappa$,$k$, and $D$ are also used) is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. The formula is: $\alpha = {k \over {\rho c_p}}$, where k is thermal conductivity ($W/(\mu \cdot K)$), $\rho$ is density ($kg/m^{3}$), and $c_p$ is specific heat capacity ($\frac{J}{(kg \cdot K)}$) .The denominator $\rho c_p$, can be considered the volumetric heat capacity ($\frac{J}{(m^{3} \cdot K)}$).
$a = \frac{\lambda}{\rho c_\rho}$, where $\lambda$ is thermal conductivity, $\rho$ is mass density and $c_\rho$ is specific heat capacity at constant pressure.
Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a furnace. The input to the device is heat, or the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is mechanical work, or heat, or possibly both.
Thermal Efficiency
"Thermal Energy" is the portion of the thermodynamic or internal energy of a system that is responsible for the temperature of the system. From a macroscopic thermodynamic description, the thermal energy of a system is given by its constant volume specific heat capacity C(T), a temperature coefficient also called thermal capacity, at any given absolute temperature (T): $U_{thermal} = C(T) \cdot T$.
Thermal Energy
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalEnergyLength
Thermal Energy Length
The "Thermal Expansion Coefficient" is a measure of the thermal expansion coefficient of a material, which expresses its elongation (as a ratio) per temperature difference. It is usually measured in 1/K. A positive elongation per (positive) rise of temperature is expressed by a positive value.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalExpansionCoefficient
Thermal Expansion Coefficient
$\textit{Thermal Insulance}$ is the reduction of heat transfer (the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. In building technology, this quantity is often called $\textit{Thermal Resistance}$, with the symbol $R$.
$M = 1/K$, where $K$ is "Coefficient of Heat Transfer"
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalInsulance
Thermal Insulance
temperature difference between two surfaces divided by areic heat flow rate in the direction of the temperature gradient
Temperaturdifferenz zwischen zwei Oberflächen dividiert durch den flächenbezogenen Wärmestrom in der Richtung des Temperaturgradienten
thermal insulation
Thermal power is the rate at which thermal energy is transferred or converted, expressed as energy per unit time. It characterizes the heating or cooling power output of thermal systems such as heat pumps, boilers, and chillers.
Thermal Power
$\textit{Thermal Resistance}$ is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. the thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. Thermal resistance $R$ has the units $\frac{m^2 \cdot K}{W}$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalResistance
opór cieplny
resistencia térmica
resistenza termica
resistência térmica
résistance thermique
thermal resistance
thermischer Widerstand
مقاومة حرارية
热阻
熱抵抗
Wärmewiderstand
The reciprocal of thermal conductivity is thermal resistivity, measured in $kelvin-metres$ per watt ($K \cdot m/W$).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalResistivity
Thermal Resistivity
Thermal transmittance is the rate of transfer of heat through matter. The thermal transmittance of a material (such as insulation or concrete) or an assembly (such as a wall or window) is expressed as a U-value. The concept of thermal transmittance is closely related to that of thermal resistance. The thermal resistance of a structure is the reciprocal of its thermal transmittance.
Thermal Transmittance
The "Thermal Utilization Factor" in an infinite medium, is the ratio of the number of thermal absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, to the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThermalUtilizationFactor
Thermal Utilization Factor
Probability that a neutron that gets absorbed does so in the fuel material.
Thermal Utilization Factor For Fission
"Thermodynamic Critical Magnetic Flux Density" is the maximum magnetic field strength below which a material remains superconducting.
$G_n - G_s = \frac{1}{2}\frac{B_c^2 \cdot V}{\mu_0}$, where $G_n$ and $G_s$ are the Gibbs energies at zero magnetic flux density in a normal conductor and superconductor, respectively, $\mu_0$ is the magnetic constant, and $V$ is volume.
Thermodynamic Critical Magnetic Flux Density
Thermodynamic Energy
Thermodynamic Entropy is a measure of the unavailability of a system’s energy to do work. It is a measure of the randomness of molecules in a system and is central to the second law of thermodynamics and the fundamental thermodynamic relation, which deal with physical processes and whether they occur spontaneously. The dimensions of entropy are energy divided by temperature, which is the same as the dimensions of Boltzmann's constant ($kB$) and heat capacity. The SI unit of entropy is $joule\ per\ kelvin$. [Wikipedia]
Thermodynamic Entropy
Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. In thermodynamics, in a system of which the entropy is considered as an independent externally controlled variable, absolute, or thermodynamic temperature is defined as the derivative of the internal energy with respect to the entropy. This is a base quantity in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
Suhu termodinamik
Termodynamická teplota
abszolút hőmérséklet
temperatura termodinamica
temperatura thermodynamica absoluta
temperatură termodinamică
température thermodynamique
termodinamik sıcaklık
thermodynamic temperature
thermodynamische Temperatur
Απόλυτη
Термодинамическая температура
Термодинамична температура
טמפרטורה מוחלטת
درجة الحرارة المطلقة
دمای ترمودینامیکی
ऊष्मगतिकीय तापमान
热力学温度
熱力学温度
temperatura assoluta
Θερμοδυναμική Θερμοκρασία
"Thickness" is the the smallest of three dimensions: length, width, thickness.
Thickness
"Thomson Coefficient" represents Thomson heat power developed, divided by the electric current and the temperature difference.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThomsonCoefficient
Thomson Coefficient
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's Second and Third Laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system. The pushing or pulling force developed by an aircraft engine or a rocket engine. The force exerted in any direction by a fluid jet or by a powered screw, as, the thrust of an antitorque rotor. Specifically, in rocketry, $ F\,= m\cdot v$ where m is propellant mass flow and v is exhaust velocity relative to the vehicle. Also called momentum thrust.
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's Second and Third Laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system.
Thrust
The thrust force of a jet-propulsion engine per unit of frontal area per unit of incompressible dynamic pressure
Thrust Coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThrustToMassRatio
Thrust To Mass Ratio
Thrust-to-weight ratio is a ratio of thrust to weight of a rocket, jet engine, propeller engine, or a vehicle propelled by such an engine. It is a dimensionless quantity and is an indicator of the performance of the engine or vehicle.
Thrust To Weight Ratio
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:ThrusterPowerToThrustEfficiency
Thruster Power To Thrust Efficiency
The angle between an object's orientation vector relative to a reference frame. In the context of architecture, this would refer to the angle between the ground and the face of a surface.
Tilt
Time is a basic component of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.
Masa
Zeit
czas
idő
tempo
temps
tempus
tiempo
time
timp
zaman
Čas
čas
Χρόνος
Време
Время
זמן
زمان
زمن
समय
时间
時間
$I = \frac{1}{t2 - t1} \int_{t1}^{t2}i(t)dt$, where $t1$ and $t2$ are the starting and ending times for the integral and $i$ is sound intensity.
Time averaged sound intensity
Time passed between N occurrences of a recurring phenomenon.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TimePerCount
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TimeRatio
Time Ratio
logarithm of the ratio of the value of a defined variable to the value of a reference variable of the same type, divided by the related time
Logarithmus des Verhältnisses des Werts einer gegebenen Größe zum Wert einer Bezugsgröße gleicher Art dividiert durch die zugehörige Zeit
time-related logarithmic ratio
Time Temperature
Time Squared
In physics, a torque ($\tau$) is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis. The magnitude of a torque is defined as force times its lever arm. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist. The SI unit for torque is newton meters ($N m$). In U.S. customary units, it is measured in foot pounds (ft lbf) (also known as "pounds feet"). Mathematically, the torque on a particle (which has the position r in some reference frame) can be defined as the cross product: $τ = r x F$ where, r is the particle's position vector relative to the fulcrum F is the force acting on the particles, or, more generally, torque can be defined as the rate of change of angular momentum: $τ = dL/dt$ where, L is the angular momentum vector t stands for time.
$\tau = M \cdot e_Q$, where $M$ is the momentof force and $e_Q$ is a unit vector directed along a $Q-axis$ with respect to which the torque is considered.
Torsionmoment
coppia
couple
moment obrotowy
momento de torção
par
torque
عزم محورى
トルク
转矩
Drillmoment
binârio
moment de torsion
momento de torsión
momento torcente
product of magnetic induction, number of turns per unit length, and the area enclosed by the coil corresponding to the gradient of the curve representing the ratio between the torque of the motor and the current
Produkt aus der magnetischen Induktion, der Windungszahl und der von der Spule eingeschlossenen Fläche entsprechend der Steigung der Kurve des Verhältnisses Drehmoment des Motors zum Strom
torque constant
Torque per Angle
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TorquePerLength
Torque per Length
ratio between the turning moment for elastic deformation of a torsion spring and the related angle of rotation
A torsional spring constant is a measure of the stiffness of a torsional spring, which is a type of spring that experiences twisting or torque rather than compression or extension. It is typically measured in newton-meters per radian (N·m/rad) and is used to calculate the amount of torque required to twist a spring a certain amount. It is related to the spring's geometry, material properties, and manufacturing process.
Quotient Drehmoment zur elastischen Verformung einer Drehfeder durch den zugehörigen Drehwinkel
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TorsionalSpringConstant
Federkonstante Drehfeder
torsional spring constant
"Total Angular Momentum" combines both the spin and orbital angular momentum of all particles and fields. In atomic and nuclear physics, orbital angular momentum is usually denoted by $l$ or $L$ instead of $\Lambda$. The magnitude of $J$ is quantized so that $J^2 = \hbar^2 j(j + 1)$, where $j$ is the total angular momentum quantum number.
Total Angular Momentum
The "Total Angular Quantum Number" describes the magnitude of total angular momentum $J$, where $j$ refers to a specific particle and $J$ is used for the whole system.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
Total Angular Momentum Quantum Number
The "Total Atomic Stopping Power" for an ionizing particle passing through an element, is the particle's energy loss per atom within a unit area normal to the particle's path; equal to the linear energy transfer (energy loss per unit path length) divided by the number of atoms per unit volume.
$S_a = \frac{S}{n}$, where $S$ is the total linear stopping power and $n$ is the number density of the atoms in the substance.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalAtomicStoppingPower
Total Atomic Stopping Power
"Total Cross-section" is related to the absorbance of the light intensity through Beer-Lambert's law. It is the sum of all cross-sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target particle.
Total Cross-section
"Total Current" is the sum of the electric current that is flowing through a surface and the displacement current.
$I_{tot}= I + I_D$, where $I$ is electric current and $I_D$ is displacement current.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalCurrent
Total Current
"Total Current Density" is the sum of the electric current density and the displacement current density.
$J_{tot}= J + J_D$, where $J$ is electric current density and $J_D$ is displacement current density.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalCurrentDensity
Total Current Density
"Total Ionization" by a particle, total mean charge, divided by the elementary charge, $e$, of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalIonization
Total Ionization
The "Total Linear Stopping Power" is defined as the average energy loss of the particle per unit path length.
$S = -\frac{dE}{dx}$, where $-dE$ is the energy decrement in the $x-direction$ along an elementary path with the length $dx$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalLinearStoppingPower
Total Linear Stopping Power
If a substance is compared in gaseous and solid form, then the linear stopping powers of the two states are very different just because of the different density. One therefore often divides S(E) by the density of the material to obtain the "Mass Stopping Power". The mass stopping power then depends only very little on the density of the material.
$S_m = \frac{S}{\rho}$, where $S$ is the total linear stopping power and $\rho$ is the mass density of the sample.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TotalMassStoppingPower
Total Mass Stopping Power
The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, that is $P_0 = P + q$.
Total Pressure
ratio between the differential change in the energy fluence dΨ and the time interval dt: ψ = dΨ / dt; the total radiance is identical to the product of the particle flux density and the average energy of the particles
Quotient aus der differentiellen Änderung der Energiefluenz dΨ im Zeitintervall dt: ψ = dΨ / dt; die Energieflussdichte ist identisch mit dem Produkt der Teilchenflussdichte und der mittleren Teilchenenergie
total radiance
"Touch Thresholds" are thresholds for touch, vibration and other stimuli to the skin.
Touch Thresholds
number of all simultaneously occupied units in a particular group of units
Anzahl aller gleichzeitig belegten Einrichtungen in einer bestimmten Gruppe von einrichtungen
traffic intensity
relationship between rotational and longitudinal movements as a measure of how an angle is converted into a linear path
Zusammenhang zwischen Dreh- und Längsbewegung als Maß dafür, wie ein überstrichener Drehwinkel in eine lineare Wegstrecke umgesetzt wird
transmission ratio between rotation and translation
Transmittance is the fraction of incident light (electromagnetic radiation) at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.
$\tau = \frac{\Phi_t}{\Phi_m}$, where $\Phi_t$ is the transmitted radiant flux or the transmitted luminous flux, and $\Phi_m$ is the radiant flux or luminous flux of the incident radiation.
Transmittance
$A_{10}(\lambda) = -lg(\tau(\lambda))$, where $\tau$ is the transmittance at a given wavelength $\lambda$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:TransmittanceDensity
Transmittance Density
True Exhaust Velocity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. Turbidity in open water is often caused by phytoplankton and the measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality. The higher the turbidity, the higher the risk of the drinkers developing gastrointestinal diseases, especially for immune-compromised people, because contaminants like virus or bacteria can become attached to the suspended solid. The suspended solids interfere with water disinfection with chlorine because the particles act as shields for the virus and bacteria. Similarly suspended solids can protect bacteria from UV sterilisation of water. Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the settleable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are colloidal. These small solid particles cause the liquid to appear turbid.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Turbidity
Turbidity
"Turns" is the number of turns in a winding.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Turns
Turns
unsteady rotation of a body resulting from an anxious distribution of mass, expressed as the product of radius and related mass
durch ungleichmäßige Masseverteilung bedingter, unruhiger Lauf rotierender Körper, ausgedrückt als Produkt aus dem Radius und einer zugehörigen Masse
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Unbalance
unbalance
Placeholder value used for reference from units where it is not clear what a given unit is a measure of.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Unknown
Unknown
"Upper Critical Magnetic Flux Density" for type II superconductors, is the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.
Upper Critical Magnetic Flux Density
Vacuum Thrust
The moisture transmission rate of a material is referred to as its "permeability".
Vapour Permeability
A material's "permeance", is dependent on thickness much like the R-value in heat transmission. Dividing the permeability of a material by its thickness gives the material's permeance. Permeance is the number that should be used to compare various products in regard to moisture transmission resistance.
Vapour Permeance
A pressure that is the one exerted by a substance vapour in thermodynamic equilibrium with either its solid or liquid phase at a given temperature in a closed system.
Vapour Pressure
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VapourPermeability
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VapourPermeance
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VapourPressure
Vehicle Velocity
In kinematics, velocity is the speed of an object and a specification of its direction of motion. Speed describes only how fast an object is moving, whereas velocity gives both how fast and in what direction the object is moving.
Geschwindigkeit
Halaju
Rychlost
hitrost
hız
prędkość
velocidad
velocidade
velocitas
velocity
velocità
vitesse
viteză
Επιφάνεια
Ско́рость
מהירות
السرعة
سرعت/تندی
गति
速力
速度
rapidez
वेग
Ventilation Rate is often expressed by the volumetric flowrate of outdoor air introduced to a building. However, ASHRAE now recommends ventilation rates dependent upon floor area.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VentilationRatePerFloorArea
Ventilation Rate per Floor Area
The rate at which a body moves upwards at an angle of 90 degrees to the ground. It is the component of a projectile's velocity which is concerned with lifting the projectile.
Vertical Velocity
"Vibrational Density of States" is the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency divided by the range of that interval and by volume.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VibrationalDensityOfStates
Vibrational density of states
Frame rate (also known as frame frequency) is the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well to computer graphics, video cameras, film cameras, and motion capture systems. Frame rate is most often expressed in frames per second (FPS) and is also expressed in progressive scan monitors as hertz (Hz).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VideoFrameRate
Video Frame Rate
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In general terms it is the resistance of a liquid to flow, or its "thickness". Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. [Wikipedia]. In general conversation or in non-scientific contexts, if someone refers to the viscosity of a fluid, they're likely talking about its dynamic (or absolute) viscosity. However, in engineering or scientific contexts, it's essential to clarify which type of viscosity is being discussed, as the interpretation and use of the data may differ depending on whether one is talking about dynamic or kinematic viscosity.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:Viscosity
Viscosity
"Visible Radiant Energy", also known as luminous energy, is the energy of electromagnetic waves. It is energy of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received as radiation.
Visible Radiant Energy
"Vision Thresholds" is an abstract term to refer to a variety of measures for the thresholds of sensitivity of the eye.
"Vision Thresholds" is the thresholds of sensitivity of the eye.
Vision Thresholds
$\textit{Voltage}$, also referred to as $\textit{Electric Tension}$, is the difference between electrical potentials of two points. For an electric field within a medium, $U_{ab} = - \int_{r_a}^{r_b} E . {dr}$, where $E$ is electric field strength. For an irrotational electric field, the voltage is independent of the path between the two points $a$ and $b$.
$U_{ab} = V_a - V_b$, where $V_a$ and $V_b$ are electric potentials at points $a$ and $b$, respectively.
Voltage
Voltage imbalance is the percentage deviation of individual phase voltages from the average voltage across phases in a polyphase electrical system.
Voltage Imbalance
"Voltage Phasor" is a representation of voltage as a sinusoidal integral quantity using a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square value. A phasor is a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids, where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
When $u = \hat{U} \cos{(\omega t + \alpha)}$, where $u$ is the voltage, $\omega$ is angular frequency, $t$ is time, and $\alpha$ is initial phase, then $\underline{U} = Ue^{ja}$.
Voltage Phasor
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VoltageRatio
Voltage Ratio
The volume of a solid object is the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.
Volume
volume density of the electric charge Q present in a volume V
räumliche Dichte der in einem Raumgebiet vom Volumen V enthaltenen elektrischen Ladung Q
volume density of charge
Volumetric Flow Rate, (also known as volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time.
$q_V = \frac{dV}{dt}$, where $V$ is volume and $t$ is time.
Volume Flow Rate
Volume flow ratio is commonly used in fluid dynamics and engineering, referring to the ratio of the flow rates of two or more fluid streams within a system. In HVAC systems, the flow ratio could compare the amount of fresh air introduced to the amount of recirculated air.
Volume Flow Ratio
"Volume Fraction" is the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture prior to mixing. Volume fraction is also called volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).
$\varphi_B = \frac{x_B V_{m,B}^*}{\sum x_i V_{m,i}^*}$, where $V_{m,i}^*$ is the molar volume of the pure substances $i$ at the same temperature and pressure, $x_i$ denotes the amount-of-substance fraction of substance $i$, and $\sum$ denotes summation over all substances $i$.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumeFraction
Volume Fraction
domain completely enclosed by a surface, which can be determined for Cartesian coordinates by integration according to the following equation: V = ∫∫∫ dx dy dz or for a homogeneous material, it is the ratio of the moment of inertia and the distance to any point on the neutral axis at which the stress is to be calculated
der von einer Oberfläche eingeschlossene gesamte Rauminhalt, der für kartesische Koordinaten durch Integration nach folgender Gleichung ermittelt werden kann: V = ∫∫∫ dx dy dz oder bei einem homogenen Werkstoff Quotient Trägheitsmoment dividiert durch den Abstand zu einem Punkt auf der neutralen Achse, bei dem die Belastung berechnet werden soll
volume or section modulus
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumePerArea
Volume per Unit Area
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumePerTime
Volume per Time
Volume, or volumetric, Strain, or dilatation (the relative variation of the volume) is the trace of the tensor $\vartheta$.
$\vartheta = \frac{\Delta V}{V_0}$, where $\Delta V$ is the increase in volume and $V_0$ is the volume in a reference state to be specified.
Volume Strain
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion. Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by: * linear thermal expansion * area thermal expansion * volumetric thermal expansion These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications. Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumeThermalExpansion
Volume Thermal Expansion
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumetricBitDensity
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the volume value
Größe, deren Wert sich umgekehrt proportional zum Volumenwert verhält
volumetric entity density
In fluid dynamics, the volumetric flux is the rate of volume flow across a unit area (m3·s−1·m−2).[Wikipedia]
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumetricFlux
Volumetric Flux
$\textit{Volumetric Heat Capacity (VHC)}$, also termed $\textit{volume-specific heat capacity}$, describes the ability of a given volume of a substance to store internal energy while undergoing a given temperature change, but without undergoing a phase transition. It is different from specific heat capacity in that the VHC is a $\textit{per unit volume}$ measure of the relationship between thermal energy and temperature of a material, while the specific heat is a $\textit{per unit mass}$ measure (or occasionally per molar quantity of the material).
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumetricHeatCapacity
Volumetric Heat Capacity
quantity proportional to the number of single particles of a defined type present in a given sample, divided by the related volume of this sample
Größe proportional der Anzahl von Einzelteilchen festgelegter Art, die in einer gegebenen Substanzprobe enthalten sind, dividiert durch das zugehörige Volumen dieser Substanzprobe
volumic amount of substance
amount of data, which is usually dependent on the respective complexity of the information or its coding procedure, divided by the related volume
Anzahl von Daten, die in der Regel abhängig von der jeweiligen Komplexität der Information oder deren Codierungsverfahren ist, dividiert durch das zugehörige Volumen
volumic data quantity
$\textit{Volumic Electromagnetic Energy}$, also known as the $\textit{Electromagnetic Energy Density}$, is the energy associated with an electromagnetic field, per unit volume of the field.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
Volumic Electromagnetic Energy
ratio released power divided by volume
Quotient freigesetzte Wärmeleistung durch Volumen
volumic output
In the simplest sense, vorticity is the tendency for elements of a fluid to "spin." More formally, vorticity can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid. The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation C around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region. Mathematically, vorticity is a vector field and is defined as the curl of the velocity field.
Vorticity
"Warm Receptor Threshold" is the threshold of warm-sensitive free nerve-ending.
Warm Receptor Threshold
The "Warping Constant" is a measure for the warping constant or warping resistance of a cross section under torsional loading. It is usually measured in m⁶.
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:WarpingConstant
Warping Constant
The warping moment measure is a measure for the warping moment, which occurs in warping torsional analysis. It is usually measured in kNm².
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:WarpingMoment
Warping Moment
No pump can convert all of its mechanical power into water power. Mechanical power is lost in the pumping process due to friction losses and other physical losses. It is because of these losses that the horsepower going into the pump has to be greater than the water horsepower leaving the pump. The efficiency of any given pump is defined as the ratio of the water horsepower out of the pump compared to the mechanical horsepower into the pump.
Water Horsepower
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:WaterSolubility
The Water vapour diffusion coefficient describes how easy vapour diffusion happens in a given material.
Wasserdampfdiffusionsleitkoeffizient
Water vapour diffusion coefficient
Applicable units are those of quantitykind:WaterVapourDiffusionCoefficient
mass of water vapour passing a surface divided by the area of this surface, the pressure difference, and the corresponding time
Masse des durch eine Fläche hindurchtretenden Wasserdampfes, dividiert durch den Flächeninhalt dieser Fläche, die Druckdifferenz und die dazugehörige Zeit
water vapour permeability
For a monochromatic wave, "wavelength" is the distance between two successive points in a direction perpendicular to the wavefront where at a given instant the phase differs by $2\pi$. The wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. The SI unit of wavelength is the meter.
$\lambda = \frac{c}{\nu}$, where $\lambda$ is the wave length, $\nu$ is the frequency, and $c$ is the speed of light in the medium.
Jarak gelombang
Vlnové délka
Wellenlänge
comprimento de onda
dalga boyu
longitud de onda
longueur d'onde
lunghezza d'onda
wavelength
длина волны
طول موج
波长
"Wavenumber" is the spatial frequency of a wave - the number of waves that exist over a specified distance. More formally, it is the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector. Light passing through different media keeps its frequency, but not its wavelength or wavenumber. The unit for wavenumber commonly used in spectroscopy is centimetre to power minus one, PER-CM, rather than metre to power minus one, PER-M.
$\sigma = \frac{\nu}{c}$, where $\sigma$ is the wave number, $\nu$ is the frequency, and $c$ is the speed of light in the medium. Or: $k = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda}= \frac{2\pi\upsilon}{\upsilon_p}=\frac{\omega}{\upsilon_p}$, where $\upsilon$ is the frequency of the wave, $\lambda$ is the wavelength, $\omega = 2\pi \upsilon$ is the angular frequency of the wave, and $\upsilon_p$ is the phase velocity of the wave.
Bilangan gelombang
Liczba falowa
Repetenz
Vlnové číslo
dalga sayısı
nombre d'onde
numero d'onda
número de ola
número de onda
valovno število
wavenumber
Волновое число
عدد الموجة
عدد موج
波数
Wellenzahl
Web Time
Web Time Average Pressure
Web Time Average Thrust
The force with which a body is attracted toward an astronomical body. Or, the product of the mass of a body and the acceleration acting on a body. In a dynamic situation, the weight can be a multiple of that under resting conditions. Weight also varies on other planets in accordance with their gravity.
Ağırlık
Berat
Gewicht
Siła ciężkości
forza peso
greutate
peso
poids
tíha
weight
Вес
وزن
重さ
重量
The temperature of a parcel of air cooled to saturation (100% relative humidity) by the evaporation of water into it, with the latent heat supplied by the parcel.
Wet Bulb Temperature
"Width" is the middle of three dimensions: length, width, thickness.
Width
$\textit{Work}$ or $net\ work$ is equal to the change in kinetic energy. This relationship is called the work-energy theorem: $$Wnet = K. E._f K. E._o $$ where $K. E._f$ is the final kinetic energy and $K. E._o$ is the original kinetic energy. Potential energy, also referred to as stored energy, is the ability of a system to do work due to its position or internal structure. Change in potential energy is equal to work. The potential energy equations can also be derived from the integral form of work: $$\Delta P. E. = W = \int F \cdot dx$$.
$A = \int Pdt$, where $P$ is power and $t$ is time.
A force is said to do Work when it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application, however small, in the direction of the force. The concepts of work and energy are closely tied to the concept of force because an applied force can do work on an object and cause a change in energy. Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Work is done on an object when an applied force moves it through a distance. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. The net work is equal to the change in kinetic energy.
Arbeit
delo
kerja
lavoro
lucru mecanic
praca
práce
trabajo
trabalho
travail
work
کار
कार्य
仕事量
"Work Function" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at a certain energy level. The minimum energy (usually measured in electronvolts) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point immediately outside the solid surface (or energy needed to move an electron from the Fermi level into vacuum).
Work Function
Zenith angle is the angle measured from the zenith (the point directly overhead) downward to a celestial object or direction of interest. It is the complement of the elevation (altitude) angle.
Zenith Angle
The QUDT Ontologies are issued under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Attribution should be made to QUDT.org
QUDT Quantity Kinds Version 3.2 Vocabulary
QUDT Quantity Kind Vocabulary Metadata Version 3.2.0
Provides a vocabulary of all quantity kinds.
QUDT Quantity Kinds Vocabulary Catalog Entry v1.2