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The constant \(\textit{Characteristic Impedance of Vacuum}\), symbol \(Z0\) is the impedance of free space.
This is a physical constant relating the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic radiation travelling through free space.
That is, \(Z0 = |E|/|H|\), where \(|E|\) is the electric field strength and \(|H|\) magnetic field strength.
It has an exact value, given approximately as 376.73031 ohms.
The impedance of free space equals the product of the vacuum permeability or magnetic constant \(μ0\) and the speed of light in vacuum \(c0\).
Since the numerical values of the magnetic constant and of the speed of light are fixed by the definitions of the ampere and the metre respectively,
the exact value of the impedance of free space is likewise fixed by definition and is not subject to experimental error.
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