QUDT Quantity Kinds Version 2.1.35
This version: 2.1
Latest published version: http://www.qudt.org/doc/2024/01/DOC_VOCAB-QUANTITY-KINDS-ALL-v2.1.html
Previous published version: https://qudt.org/doc/2023/12/DOC_VOCAB-QUANTITY-KINDS-ALL-v2.1.html
Editor: Ralph Hodgson, TopQuadrant, Inc
Contributors: Jack Hodges, Steve Ray
Last Modified: 2024-01-18T16:57:18.830-05:00
Copyright © 2011 - 2024 qudt.org , All Rights Reserved.
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Abstract
Provides the set of all quantity kinds.
The namespace prefix for resources in this ontology is: quantitykind
The vocabulary graph is available as:
Turtle
Table of Contents
Imported Graphs
A list of graphs imported by http://qudt.org/2.1/vocab/quantitykind is shown below.
| Graph URI | Intent |
|---|---|
| http://qudt.org/2.1/schema/facade/qudt | |
| http://qudt.org/2.1/vocab/dimensionvector | TBD |
Non-imported Resources
The graph uses 19 resources from other graphs that are not imported, as listed below:
Resource Index
The main namespace for resources in this graph is http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ with the prefix quantitykind.
Classes
No Classes defined in this graph
Properties
No Properties defined in this graph
Instances
The graph defines, or extends, 950 instances, as indexed below:
Restricted Datatypes
No restricted datatypes defined in this graph
quantitykind:AbsoluteActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity
The "Absolute Activity" is the exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to \(RT\) where \(R\) is the gas constant and \(T\) the thermodynamic temperature.
quantitykind:AbsoluteHumidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity
"Absolute Humidity" is an amount of water vapor, usually discussed per unit volume. Absolute humidity in air ranges from zero to roughly 30 grams per cubic meter when the air is saturated at \(30 ^\circ C\). The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes. This is very inconvenient for chemical engineering calculations, e.g. for clothes dryers, where temperature can vary considerably. As a result, absolute humidity is generally defined in chemical engineering as mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air, also known as the mass mixing ratio, which is much more rigorous for heat and mass balance calculations. Mass of water per unit volume as in the equation above would then be defined as volumetric humidity. Because of the potential confusion.
quantitykind:AbsorbedDose
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose
"Absorbed Dose" (also known as Total Ionizing Dose, TID) is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation. It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, and so has the unit \(J/kg\), which is given the special name Gray (\(Gy\)).
Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose. The risk of stoctic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the effective dose, which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related unit, the Sievert is used.
quantitykind:AbsorbedDoseRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate
"Absorbed Dose Rate" is the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation imparted at a given location per unit of time (second, minute, hour, or day).
quantitykind:Absorptance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Absorptance
Absorptance is the ratio of the radiation absorbed by a surface to that incident upon it. Also known as absorbance.
quantitykind:Acceleration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration
Acceleration is the (instantaneous) rate of change of velocity. Acceleration may be either linear acceleration, or angular acceleration. It is a vector quantity with dimension \(length/time^{2}\) for linear acceleration, or in the case of angular acceleration, with dimension \(angle/time^{2}\). In SI units, linear acceleration is measured in \(meters/second^{2}\) (\(m \cdot s^{-2}\)) and angular acceleration is measured in \(radians/second^{2}\). In physics, any increase or decrease in speed is referred to as acceleration and similarly, motion in a circle at constant speed is also an acceleration, since the direction component of the velocity is changing.
quantitykind:AccelerationOfGravity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AccelerationOfGravity
The acceleration of freely falling bodies under the influence of terrestrial gravity, equal to approximately 9.81 meters (32 feet) per second per second.
quantitykind:AcceptorDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity
"Acceptor Density" is the number per volume of acceptor levels.
quantitykind:AcceptorIonizationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorIonizationEnergy
"Acceptor Ionization Energy" is the ionization energy of an acceptor.
quantitykind:Acidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acidity
Chemicals or substances having a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic; lower pH means higher acidity.
quantitykind:AcousticImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcousticImpedance
Acoustic impedance at a surface is the complex quotient of the average sound pressure over that surface by the sound volume flow rate through that surface.
quantitykind:Action
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action
An action is usually an integral over time. But for action pertaining to fields, it may be integrated over spatial variables as well. In some cases, the action is integrated along the path followed by the physical system. If the action is represented as an integral over time, taken a the path of the system between the initial time and the final time of the development of the system. The evolution of a physical system between two states is determined by requiring the action be minimized or, more generally, be stationary for small perturbations about the true evolution. This requirement leads to differential equations that describe the true evolution. Conversely, an action principle is a method for reformulating differential equations of motion for a physical system as an equivalent integral equation. Although several variants have been defined (see below), the most commonly used action principle is Hamilton's principle.
quantitykind:ActionTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActionTime
Action Time (sec)
quantitykind:ActiveEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy
"Active Energy" is the electrical energy transformable into some other form of energy.
quantitykind:ActivePower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower
\(Active Power\) is, under periodic conditions, the mean value, taken over one period \(T\), of the instantaneous power \(p\). In complex notation, \(P = \mathbf{Re} \; \underline{S}\), where \(\underline{S}\) is \(\textit{complex power}\)".
quantitykind:Activity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity
"Activity" is the number of decays per unit time of a radioactive sample, the term used to characterise the number of nuclei which disintegrate in a radioactive substance per unit time. Activity is usually measured in Becquerels (\(Bq\)), where 1 \(Bq\) is 1 disintegration per second, in honor of the scientist Henri Becquerel.
quantitykind:ActivityCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient
An "Activity Coefficient" is a factor used in thermodynamics to account for deviations from ideal behaviour in a mixture of chemical substances. In an ideal mixture, the interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or more formally, the enthalpy change of solution is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures can be expressed directly in terms of simple concentrations or partial pressures of the substances present e.g. Raoult's law. Deviations from ideality are accommodated by modifying the concentration by an activity coefficient.
quantitykind:ActivityConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration
The "Activity Concentration", also known as volume activity, and activity density, is .
quantitykind:ActivityThresholds
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityThresholds
"Activity Thresholds" are thresholds of sensitivity for radioactivity.
quantitykind:Adaptation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Adaptation
"Adaptation" is the recovery of visual ability following exposure to light (dark adaptation), usually measured in units of time.
quantitykind:Admittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance
"Admittance" is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the inverse of the impedance (\(Z\)).
quantitykind:AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
The "Alpha Disintegration Energy" is the sum of the kinetic energy of the \(\alpha\)-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
quantitykind:Altitude
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Altitude
Altitude or height is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, and more). As a general definition, altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The reference datum also often varies according to the context. [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:AmbientPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmbientPressure
The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, which comes into contact with the object. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), which is a very small unit relative to atmospheric pressure on Earth, so kilopascals (\(kPa\)) are more commonly used in this context.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance
"Amount of Substance" is a standards-defined quantity that measures the size of an ensemble of elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, and other particles. It is sometimes referred to as chemical amount. The International System of Units (SI) defines the amount of substance to be proportional to the number of elementary entities present. The SI unit for amount of substance is \(mole\). It has the unit symbol \(mol\). The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains an equal number of elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012kg of the isotope carbon-12. This number is called Avogadro's number and has the value \(6.02214179(30) \times 10^{23}\). The only other unit of amount of substance in current use is the \(pound-mole\) with the symbol \(lb-mol\), which is sometimes used in chemical engineering in the United States. One \(pound-mole\) is exactly \(453.59237 mol\).
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
"Amount of Substance of Concentration" is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB
"Amount of Substance of Concentration of B" is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceFraction
"Fractional Amount of Substance" is defined as tthe amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceFractionOfB
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceFractionOfB
"Amount of Substance of Fraction of B" is defined as tthe amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMass
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMassPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMassPressure
The "Variation of Molar Mass" of a gas as a function of pressure.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
The amount of substance per unit volume is called the molar density. Molar density is an intensive property of a substance and depends on the temperature and pressure.
quantitykind:Angle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle
The abstract notion of angle. Narrow concepts include plane angle and solid angle. While both plane angle and solid angle are dimensionless, they are actually length/length and area/area respectively.
quantitykind:AngleOfAttack
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngleOfAttack
Angle of attack is the angle between the oncoming air or relative wind and a reference line on the airplane or wing.
quantitykind:AngleOfOpticalRotation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngleOfOpticalRotation
The "Angle of Optical Rotation" is the angle through which plane-polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium.
quantitykind:AngularAcceleration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. Measurement of the change made in the rate of change of an angle that a spinning object undergoes per unit time. It is a vector quantity. Also called Rotational acceleration. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (\(rad/s^2\)), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha.
quantitykind:AngularCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection
"Angular Cross-section" is the cross-section for ejecting or scattering a particle into an elementary cone, divided by the solid angle \(d\Omega\) of that cone.
quantitykind:AngularDistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularDistance
Angular distance travelled by orbiting vehicle measured from the azimuth of closest approach.
quantitykind:AngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency
"Angular frequency", symbol \(\omega\) (also referred to by the terms angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance) is a scalar measure of rotation rate. Angular frequency (or angular speed) is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity.
quantitykind:AngularImpulse
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularImpulse
The Angular Impulse, also known as angular momentum, is the moment of linear momentum around a point. It is defined as\(H = \int Mdt\), where \(M\) is the moment of force and \(t\) is time.
quantitykind:AngularMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum
Angular Momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars. \textit{Angular Momentum}, \textit{Moment of Momentum}, or \textit{Rotational Momentum", is a vector quantity that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis.
quantitykind:AngularMomentumPerAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentumPerAngle
quantitykind:AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
"Angular Reciprocal Lattice Vector" is a vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of \(2\pi\).
quantitykind:AngularVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity
Angular Velocity refers to how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point.
quantitykind:AngularWavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber
"wavenumber" is the spatial frequency of a wave - the number of waves that exist over a specified distance. More formally, it is the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector.
quantitykind:ApogeeRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApogeeRadius
Apogee radius of an elliptical orbit
quantitykind:ApparentPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower
"Apparent Power" is the product of the rms voltage \(U\) between the terminals of a two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the rms electric current I in the element or circuit. Under sinusoidal conditions, the apparent power is the modulus of the complex power.
quantitykind:Area
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area
Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve.
quantitykind:AreaTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaTemperature
quantitykind:AreaThermalExpansion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaThermalExpansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
quantitykind:AreaTimeTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaTimeTemperature
quantitykind:AreicHeatFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicHeatFlowRate
Density of heat flow rate.
quantitykind:Asset
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Asset
An Asset is an economic resource owned by a business or company. Simply stated, assets are things of value that can be readily converted into cash (although cash itself is also considered an asset).
quantitykind:AtmosphericHydroxylationRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtmosphericHydroxylationRate
A second order reaction rate constant that is a specific second order reaction rate constant that governs the kinetics of an atmospheric, gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radicals and an organic chemical.
quantitykind:AtmosphericPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtmosphericPressure
The pressure exerted by the weight of the air above it at any point on the earth's surface. At sea level the atmosphere will support a column of mercury about \(760 mm\) high. This decreases with increasing altitude. The standard value for the atmospheric pressure at sea level in SI units is \(101,325 pascals\).
quantitykind:AtomScatteringFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor
"Atom Scattering Factor" is measure of the scattering power of an isolated atom.
quantitykind:AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
"Atomic Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per the number of atoms in the substance.
quantitykind:AtomicCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicCharge
The electric charge of an ion, equal to the number of electrons the atom has gained or lost in its ionization multiplied by the charge on one electron.
quantitykind:AtomicMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicMass
The "Atomic Mass" is the mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units.
quantitykind:AtomicNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber
The "Atomic Number", also known as the proton number, is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. A nuclide is a species of atom with specified numbers of protons and neutrons. Nuclides with the same value of Z but different values of N are called isotopes of an element. The ordinal number of an element in the periodic table is equal to the atomic number. The atomic number equals the charge of the nucleus in units of the elementary charge.
quantitykind:AttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AttenuationCoefficient
The attenuation coefficient is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A large attenuation coefficient means that the beam is quickly "attenuated" (weakened) as it passes through the medium, and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively transparent to the beam. The Attenuation Coefficient is also called linear attenuation coefficient, narrow beam attenuation coefficient, or absorption coefficient.
quantitykind:AuditoryThresholds
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AuditoryThresholds
"Auditory Thresholds" is the thresholds of sensitivity to auditory signals and other input to the ear or the sense of hearing.
quantitykind:AuxillaryMagneticField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AuxillaryMagneticField
Magnetic Fields surround magnetic materials and electric currents and are detected by the force they exert on other magnetic materials and moving electric charges. The electric and magnetic fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the electromagnetic field. A pure electric field in one reference frame is observed as a combination of both an electric field and a magnetic field in a moving reference frame. The Auxillary Magnetic Field, H characterizes how the true Magnetic Field B influences the organization of magnetic dipoles in a given medium.
quantitykind:AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
"Average Energy Loss per Elementary Charge Produced" is also referred to as average energy loss per ion pair formed.
quantitykind:AverageHeadEndPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageHeadEndPressure
quantitykind:AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
"Average Logarithmic Energy Decrement" is a measure of the amount of energy a neutron loses upon colliding with various nuclei. It is the average value of the increase in lethargy in elastic collisions between neutrons and nuclei whose kinetic energy is negligible compared with that of the neutrons.
quantitykind:AverageSpecificImpulse
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageSpecificImpulse
Avg Specific Impulse (lbf-sec/lbm)
quantitykind:AverageVacuumThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageVacuumThrust
quantitykind:Basicity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Basicity
Chemicals or substances having a pH higher than 7 are said to be basic; higher pH means higher basicity.
quantitykind:BendingMomentOfForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BendingMomentOfForce
A bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the element bends. It is the component of moment of force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a beam or a shaft.
quantitykind:BetaDisintegrationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BetaDisintegrationEnergy
"Beta Disintegration Energy" is the energy released by a beta particle radioactive decay. It is the sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
quantitykind:BevelGearPitchAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BevelGearPitchAngle
Pitch angle in bevel gears is the angle between an element of a pitch cone and its axis. In external and internal bevel gears, the pitch angles are respectively less than and greater than 90 degrees.
quantitykind:BindingFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction
The "Binding Fraction" is the ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
quantitykind:BioconcentrationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BioconcentrationFactor
The bioconcentration factor is the ratio of the concentration of a chemical substance in biota over the concentration of the same chemical substance in water. It is related to the octanol-water partition coefficient.
quantitykind:BiodegredationHalfLife
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BiodegredationHalfLife
A time that quantifies how long it takes to reduce a substance's concentration by 50% from any concentration point in time in a water or soil environment by either bacteria or another living organism.
quantitykind:BloodGlucoseLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BloodGlucoseLevel
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals. Glucose is a simple sugar and approximately 4 grams of glucose are present in the blood of humans at all times. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen;[2] in fasted individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level at the expense of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle. [Wikipedia] \(\\\) There are two main methods of describing concentrations: by weight, and by molecular count. Weights are in grams, molecular counts in moles. A mole is \(6.022\times 10^{23}\) molecules.) In both cases, the unit is usually modified by \(milli-\) or \(micro-\) or other prefix, and is always \(per\) some volume, often a liter. Conversion factors depend on the molecular weight of the substance in question. \(\\\) \(mmol/L\) is millimoles/liter, and is the world standard unit for measuring glucose in blood. Specifically, it is the designated SI (Systeme International) unit. 'World standard' is not universal; not only the US but a number of other countries use mg/dl. A mole is about \(6\times 10^{23}\) molecules. \(\\\) \(mg/dL\) (milligrams/deciliter) is the traditional unit for measuring bG (blood glucose). There is a trend toward using \(mmol/L\) however mg/dL is much in practice. Some use is made of \(mmol/L\) as the primary unit with \(mg/dL\) quoted in parentheses. This acknowledges the large base of health care providers, researchers and patients who are already familiar with \(mg/dL|).
citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level
quantitykind:BloodGlucoseLevel_Mass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BloodGlucoseLevel_Mass
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals. Glucose is a simple sugar and approximately 4 grams of glucose are present in the blood of humans at all times. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen;[2] in fasted individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level at the expense of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle. [Wikipedia] \(\\\) There are two main methods of describing concentrations: by weight, and by molecular count. Weights are in grams, molecular counts in moles. A mole is \(6.022\times 10^{23}\) molecules.) In both cases, the unit is usually modified by \(milli-\) or \(micro-\) or other prefix, and is always \(per\) some volume, often a liter. Conversion factors depend on the molecular weight of the substance in question. \(\\\) \(mmol/L\) is millimoles/liter, and is the world standard unit for measuring glucose in blood. Specifically, it is the designated SI (Systeme International) unit. 'World standard' is not universal; not only the US but a number of other countries use mg/dl. A mole is about \(6\times 10^{23}\) molecules. \(\\\) \(mg/dL\) (milligrams/deciliter) is the traditional unit for measuring bG (blood glucose). There is a trend toward using \(mmol/L\) however mg/dL is much in practice. Some use is made of \(mmol/L\) as the primary unit with \(mg/dL\) quoted in parentheses. This acknowledges the large base of health care providers, researchers and patients who are already familiar with \(mg/dL|).
citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level
quantitykind:BodyMassIndex
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BodyMassIndex
\(\textit{Body Mass Index}\), BMI, is an index of weight for height, calculated as: \(BMI = \frac{M_{body}}{H^2}\), where \(M_{body}\) is body mass in kg, and \(H\) is height in metres. The BMI has been used as a guideline for defining whether a person is overweight because it minimizes the effect of height, but it does not take into consideration other important factors, such as age and body build. The BMI has also been used as an indicator of obesity on the assumption that the higher the index, the greater the level of body fat.
quantitykind:BoilingPoint
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BoilingPoint
A temperature that is the one at which a substance will change its physical state from a liquid to a gas. It is also the temperature where the liquid and gaseous forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium.
quantitykind:BraggAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle
"Bragg Angle" describes the condition for a plane wave to be diffracted from a family of lattice planes, the angle between the wavevector of the incident plane wave, and the lattice planes.
quantitykind:Breadth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Breadth
"Breadth" is the extent or measure of how broad or wide something is.
quantitykind:BulkModulus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus
The bulk modulus of a substance measures the substance's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume.
quantitykind:BurgersVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector
"Burgers Vector" is the vector characterizing a dislocation, i.e. the closing vector in a Burgers circuit encircling a dislocation line.
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_X
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_X
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Y
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Y
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Z
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Z
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-MASS
The point at which the distributed mass of a composite body can be acted upon by a force without inducing any rotation of the composite body.
quantitykind:CONTRACT-END-ITEM-SPECIFICATION-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CONTRACT-END-ITEM-SPECIFICATION-MASS
Contractual mass requirement of a delivered item. Note that The term 'control mass' is sometimes utilized as a limit in lieu of CEI mass when a CEI mass does not exist. The term 'Interface Control Document Mass' is another alternative for specifying a contractual mass requirement.
quantitykind:CONTROL-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CONTROL-MASS
The upper design gross mass limit of a system at a specified mission event against which margins are calculated after accounting for basic masses of flight hardware, MGA, and uncertainties. It may include propellants, crew, and cargo.
quantitykind:CanonicalPartitionFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction
A "Canonical Partition Function" applies to a canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and number of particles.
quantitykind:Capacitance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance
"Capacitance" is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge; it is quantified as the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential. Capacitance is a scalar-valued quantity.
quantitykind:Capacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacity
In computer operations, (a) the largest quantity which can be stored, processed, or transferred; (b) the largest number of digits or characters which may regularly be processed; (c) the upper and lower limits of the quantities which may be processed. In other contexts, the amount of material that can be stored, such as fuel or food.
quantitykind:CarrierLifetime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime
"Carrier LifetIme" is a time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors.
quantitykind:CartesianArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CartesianArea
"Area" is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane.
quantitykind:CartesianCoordinates
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CartesianCoordinates
"Cartesian Coordinates" specify each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances from the point to two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.
quantitykind:CartesianVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CartesianVolume
"Volume" is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
quantitykind:CatalyticActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity
An index of the actual or potential activity of a catalyst. The catalytic activity of an enzyme or an enzyme-containing preparation is defined as the property measured by the increase in the rate of conversion of a specified chemical reaction that the enzyme produces in a specified assay system. Catalytic activity is an extensive quantity and is a property of the enzyme, not of the reaction mixture; it is thus conceptually different from rate of conversion although measured by and equidimensional with it. The unit for catalytic activity is the \(katal\); it may also be expressed in mol \(s^{-1}\). Dimensions: \(N T^{-1}\). Former terms such as catalytic ability, catalytic amount, and enzymic activity are no er recommended. Derived quantities are molar catalytic activity, specific catalytic activity, and catalytic activity concentration. Source(s): www.answers.com
quantitykind:CatalyticActivityConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivityConcentration
The catalytic activity of an enzyme per unit volume, where volume refers to that of the original enzyme‐containing preparation, not that of the assay system. It may be expressed in katals per litre.
quantitykind:CelsiusTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelsiusTemperature
"Celsius Temperature", the thermodynamic temperature T_0, is exactly 0.01 kelvin below the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
quantitykind:CenterOfGravity_X
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CenterOfGravity_X
quantitykind:CenterOfGravity_Y
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CenterOfGravity_Y
quantitykind:CenterOfGravity_Z
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CenterOfGravity_Z
quantitykind:CharacteristicAcousticImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CharacteristicAcousticImpedance
Characteristic impedance at a point in a non-dissipative medium and for a plane progressive wave, the quotient of the sound pressure \(p\) by the component of the sound particle velocity \(v\) in the direction of the wave propagation.
quantitykind:CharacteristicVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CharacteristicVelocity
Characteristic velocity or \(c^{*}\) is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket engine independent of nozzle performance, and is used to compare different propellants and propulsion systems.
quantitykind:ChargeNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber
The "Charge Number", or just valance of an ion is the coefficient that, when multiplied by the elementary charge, gives the ion's charge.
quantitykind:ChemicalAffinity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, "Chemical Affinity" is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds. Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency of an atom or compound to combine by chemical reaction with atoms or compounds of unlike composition.
quantitykind:ChemicalConsumptionPerMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalConsumptionPerMass
quantitykind:ChemicalPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential
"Chemical Potential", also known as partial molar free energy, is a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction.
quantitykind:Chromaticity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Chromaticity
Chromaticity is an objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its luminance
quantitykind:Circulation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Circulation
In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the fluid velocity. It has dimensions of length squared over time.
quantitykind:ClosestApproachRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ClosestApproachRadius
quantitykind:CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
"Coefficient of Heat Transfer", in thermodynamics and in mechanical and chemical engineering, is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux, that is heat flow per unit area, q/A, and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (that is, the temperature difference, (Delta T). Areic heat flow rate divided by thermodynamic temperature difference. In building technology, the "Coefficient of Heat Transfer", is often called "thermal transmittance}" with the symbol "U". It has SI units in watts per squared meter kelvin.
quantitykind:Coercivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity
\(\textit{Coercivity}\), also referred to as \(\textit{Coercive Field Strength}\), is the magnetic field strength to be applied to bring the magnetic flux density in a substance from its remaining magnetic flux density to zero. This is defined as the coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. The quantity which is brought to zero should be stated, and the appropriate symbol used: \(H_{cB}\), \(H_{cJ}\) or \(H_{cM}\) for the coercivity relating to the magnetic flux density, the magnetic polarization or the magnetization respectively, where \(H_{cJ} = H_{cM}\).
quantitykind:CoherenceLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoherenceLength
"Coherence Length" characterizes the distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable.
quantitykind:ColdReceptorThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ColdReceptorThreshold
"Cold Receptor Threshold" is the threshold of cold-sensitive free nerve-ending.
quantitykind:CombinedNonEvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CombinedNonEvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
"Combined Non Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient" is the
quantitykind:CombustionChamberTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CombustionChamberTemperature
quantitykind:ComplexPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower
"Complex Power", under sinusoidal conditions, is the product of the phasor \(U\) representing the voltage between the terminals of a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the complex conjugate of the phasor \(I\) representing the electric current in the element or circuit.
quantitykind:Compressibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility
Compressibility is a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
quantitykind:CompressibilityFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CompressibilityFactor
The compressibility factor (\(Z\)) is a useful thermodynamic property for modifying the ideal gas law to account for the real gas behaviour. The closer a gas is to a phase change, the larger the deviations from ideal behavior. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Values for compressibility are calculated using equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation and van der Waals equation. The compressibility factor for specific gases can be obtained, with out calculation, from compressibility charts. These charts are created by plotting Z as a function of pressure at constant temperature.
quantitykind:Concentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Furthermore, in chemistry, four types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes in solutions.
quantitykind:Conductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance
\(\textit{Conductance}\), for a resistive two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit with terminals A and B, quotient of the electric current i in the element or circuit by the voltage \(u_{AB}\) between the terminals: \(G = \frac{1}{R}\), where the electric current is taken as positive if its direction is from A to B and negative in the opposite case. The conductance of an element or circuit is the inverse of its resistance.
quantitykind:ConductionSpeed
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ConductionSpeed
"Conduction Speed" is the speed of impulses in nerve fibers.
quantitykind:ConductiveHeatTransferRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ConductiveHeatTransferRate
"Conductive Heat Transfer Rate" is proportional to temperature gradient and area of contact.
quantitykind:Conductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductivity
"Conductivity" is a scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the electric field strength in a medium is equal to the electric current density. For an isotropic medium the conductivity is a scalar quantity; for an anisotropic medium it is a tensor quantity.
quantitykind:Constringence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Constringence
In optics and lens design, constringence of a transparent material, also known as the Abbe number or the V-number, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion.
quantitykind:ConvectiveHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ConvectiveHeatTransfer
"Convective Heat Transfer" is convective heat transfer coefficient multiplied by temperature difference and exchange area.
quantitykind:CostPerUnitEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CostPerUnitEnergy
quantitykind:CostPerUnitPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CostPerUnitPower
quantitykind:Count
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Count
"Count" is the value of a count of items.
quantitykind:CouplingFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CouplingFactor
"Coupling Factor" is the ratio of an electromagnetic quantity, usually voltage or current, appearing at a specified location of a given circuit to the corresponding quantity at a specified location in the circuit from which energy is transferred by coupling.
quantitykind:CrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CrossSection
"Cross-section" is used to express the likelihood of interaction between particles. For a specified target particle and for a specified reaction or process produced by incident charged or uncharged particles of specified type and energy, it is the mean number of such reactions or processes divided by the incident-particle fluence.
quantitykind:CrossSectionalArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CrossSectionalArea
quantitykind:CubicElectricDipoleMomentPerSquareEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicElectricDipoleMomentPerSquareEnergy
quantitykind:CubicExpansionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient
quantitykind:CurieTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature
"Curie Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
quantitykind:CurrencyPerFlight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrencyPerFlight
quantitykind:CurrentLinkage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage
"Current Linkage" is the net electric current through a surface delimited by a closed loop.
quantitykind:Curvature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature
The canonical example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in \(diopters\) (also spelled \(dioptre\)) — this is the convention in optics.
quantitykind:CurvatureFromRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius
In mathematics "Curvature" is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat, or straight in the case of a line, but this is defined in different ways depending on the context.
quantitykind:CyclotronAngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency
The "Cyclotron Angular Frequency" describes angular momentum vector precession about the external field axis with an angular frequency.
quantitykind:DELTA-V
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DELTA-V
The change in translational velocity including all losses for a propulsive system or module. Delta-V losses include, but are not limited to, gravity losses and steering losses.
quantitykind:DRY-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DRY-MASS
Mass of a system without the propellants, pressurants, reserve or residual fluids, personnel and personnel provisions, and cargo.
quantitykind:DataRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DataRate
The frequency derived from the period of time required to transmit one bit. This represents the amount of data transferred per second by a communications channel or a computing or storage device. Data rate is measured in units of bits per second (written "b/s" or "bps"), bytes per second (Bps), or baud. When applied to data rate, the multiplier prefixes "kilo-", "mega-", "giga-", etc. (and their abbreviations, "k", "M", "G", etc.) always denote powers of 1000. For example, 64 kbps is 64,000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage which use different prefixes to denote multiplication by powers of 1024, for example 1 kibibit = 1024 bits.
quantitykind:Debye-WallerFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor
"Debye-Waller Factor" (DWF), named after Peter Debye and Ivar Waller, is used in condensed matter physics to describe the attenuation of x-ray scattering or coherent neutron scattering caused by thermal motion. Also, a factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
quantitykind:DebyeAngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency
"Debye Angular Frequency" is the cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
quantitykind:DebyeAngularWavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber
"Debye Angular Wavenumber" is the cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
quantitykind:DebyeTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature
"Debye Temperature" is the temperature at which the highest-frequency mode (and hence all modes) are excited.
quantitykind:DecayConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant
The "Decay Constant" is the proportionality between the size of a population of radioactive atoms and the rate at which the population decreases because of radioactive decay.
quantitykind:DegreeOfDissociation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation
The "Degree of Dissociation" is the fraction of original solute molecules that have dissociated.
quantitykind:Density
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density
The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is \(\rho\). Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: \(\rho = m/V\), where \(\rho\) is the density, \(m\) is the mass, and \(V\) is the volume. In some cases, density is also defined as its weight per unit volume, although this quantity is more properly called specific weight.
quantitykind:DensityInCombustionChamber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityInCombustionChamber
quantitykind:DensityOfStates
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates
"Density of States" is the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency divided by the range of that interval and by volume.
quantitykind:DensityOfTheExhaustGases
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfTheExhaustGases
quantitykind:Depth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Depth
Depth typically refers to the vertical measure of length from the surface of a liquid.
quantitykind:DewPointTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DewPointTemperature
"Dew Point Temperature" is the temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
quantitykind:Diameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter
In classical geometry, the "Diameter" of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.
quantitykind:DiastolicBloodPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiastolicBloodPressure
The pressure of blood in the arteries which rises to a maximum as blood is pumped out by the left ventricle (systole) and drops to a minimum in diastole. The systolic/diastolic pressure is normally ~120/80 mmHg in a young adult.
quantitykind:DiffusionArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea
"Diffusion Area" in an infinite homogenous medium, is one-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves that class.
quantitykind:DiffusionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficient
The "Diffusion Coefficient" is a proportionality constant between the molar flux due to molecular diffusion and the gradient in the concentration of the species (or the driving force for diffusion). Diffusivity is encountered in Fick's law and numerous other equations of physical chemistry.
quantitykind:DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
The "Diffusion Coefficient for Fluence Rate" is a proportionality constant between the .
quantitykind:DiffusionLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionLength
"Diffusion Length" is the average distance traveled by a particle, or a thermal neutron in a nuclear reactor, from the point at which it is formed to the point at which it is absorbed.
quantitykind:Dimensionless
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless
In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity or quantity of dimension one is a quantity without an associated physical dimension. It is thus a "pure" number, and as such always has a dimension of 1. Dimensionless quantities are widely used in mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, and in everyday life (such as in counting). Numerous well-known quantities, such as \(\pi\), \(\epsilon\), and \(\psi\), are dimensionless. By contrast, non-dimensionless quantities are measured in units of length, area, time, etc. Dimensionless quantities are often defined as products or ratios of quantities that are not dimensionless, but whose dimensions cancel out when their powers are multiplied.
quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio
quantitykind:Displacement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement
"Displacement" is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P.
quantitykind:DisplacementCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent
"Displacement Current" is a quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of electric displacement field. Displacement current has the units of electric current density, and it has an associated magnetic field just as actual currents do. However it is not an electric current of moving charges, but a time-varying electric field. In materials, there is also a contribution from the slight motion of charges bound in atoms, dielectric polarization.
quantitykind:DisplacementCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity
\(\textbf{Displacement Current Density}\) is the time rate of change of the \(\textit{Electric Flux Density}\). This is a measure of how quickly the electric field changes if we observe it as a function of time. This is different than if we look at how the electric field changes spatially, that is, over a region of space for a fixed amount of time.
quantitykind:DisplacementVectorOfIon
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon
"Displacement Vector of Ion" is the .
quantitykind:Dissipance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dissipance
Dissipance, or dissipation factor for sound power, is the ratio of dissipated sound power to incident sound power. The dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system. It is the reciprocal of quality factor, which represents the quality of oscillation.
quantitykind:Distance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance
"Distance" is a numerical description of how far apart objects are.
quantitykind:DistanceTraveledDuringBurn
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DistanceTraveledDuringBurn
quantitykind:DonorDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity
"Donor Density" is the number per volume of donor levels.
quantitykind:DonorIonizationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorIonizationEnergy
"Donor Ionization Energy" is the ionization energy of a donor.
quantitykind:DoseEquivalent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent
"Dose Equivalent} (former), or \textit{Equivalent Absorbed Radiation Dose}, usually shortened to \textit{Equivalent Dose", is a computed average measure of the radiation absorbed by a fixed mass of biological tissue, that attempts to account for the different biological damage potential of different types of ionizing radiation. The equivalent dose to a tissue is found by multiplying the absorbed dose, in gray, by a dimensionless "quality factor" \(Q\), dependent upon radiation type, and by another dimensionless factor \(N\), dependent on all other pertinent factors. N depends upon the part of the body irradiated, the time and volume over which the dose was spread, even the species of the subject.
quantitykind:DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
"Dose Equivalent Quality Factor" is a factor in the caculation and measurement of dose equivalent, by which the absorbed dose is to be weighted in order to account for different biological effectiveness of radiations, for radiation protection purposes.
quantitykind:DragCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water.
quantitykind:DragForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragForce
In fluid dynamics, drag refers to forces which act on a solid object in the direction of the relative fluid flow velocity. Unlike other resistive forces such as dry friction, which is nearly independent of velocity, drag forces depend on velocity. Drag forces always decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.
quantitykind:DryVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DryVolume
Dry measures are units of volume used to measure bulk commodities which are not gas or liquid. They are typically used in agriculture, agronomy, and commodity markets to measure grain, dried beans, and dried and fresh fruit; formerly also salt pork and fish. They are also used in fishing for clams, crabs, etc. and formerly for many other substances (for example coal, cement, lime) which were typically shipped and delivered in a standardized container such as a barrel. In the original metric system, the unit of dry volume was the stere, but this is not part of the modern metric system; the liter and the cubic meter (\(m^{3}\)) are now used. However, the stere is still widely used for firewood.
quantitykind:Duv
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Duv
Duv is a metric that is short for Delta u,v (not to be confused with Delta u',v') and describes the distance of a light color point from the black body curve.
quantitykind:DynamicFriction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicFriction
Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together (like a sled on the ground).
quantitykind:DynamicFrictionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicFrictionCoefficient
Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together (like a sled on the ground).
quantitykind:DynamicPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicPressure
Dynamic Pressure (indicated with q, or Q, and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: \(q = 1/2 * \rho v^{2}\), where (using SI units), \(q\) is dynamic pressure in \(pascals\), \(\rho\) is fluid density in \(kg/m^{3}\) (for example, density of air) and \(v \) is fluid velocity in \(m/s\).
quantitykind:DynamicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity
A measure of the molecular frictional resistance of a fluid as calculated using Newton's law.
quantitykind:EarthClosestApproachVehicleVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EarthClosestApproachVehicleVelocity
quantitykind:EccentricityOfOrbit
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EccentricityOfOrbit
The orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle. In a two-body problem with inverse-square-law force, every orbit is a Kepler orbit. The eccentricity of this Kepler orbit is a positive number that defines its shape.
quantitykind:EffectiveExhaustVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveExhaustVelocity
The velocity of an exhaust stream after reduction by effects such as friction, non-axially directed flow, and pressure differences between the inside of the rocket and its surroundings. The effective exhaust velocity is one of two factors determining the thrust, or accelerating force, that a rocket can develop, the other factor being the quantity of reaction mass expelled from the rocket in unit time. In most cases, the effective exhaust velocity is close to the actual exhaust velocity.
quantitykind:EffectiveMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass
"Effective Mass" is used in the motional equation for electrons in solid state bodies, depending on the wavenumber and corresponding to its velocity and energy level.
quantitykind:EffectiveMultiplicationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMultiplicationFactor
The "Effective Multiplication Factor" is the multiplication factor for a finite medium.
quantitykind:Efficiency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Efficiency
Efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power.
quantitykind:EinsteinTransitionProbability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EinsteinTransitionProbability
Given two atomic states of energy \(E_j\) and \(E_k\). Let \(E_j > E_k\). Assume the atom is bathed in radiation of energy density \(u(w)\). Transitions between these states can take place in three different ways. Spontaneous, induced/stimulated emission, and induced absorption. \(A_jk\) represents the Einstein transition probability for spontaneous emission.
quantitykind:ElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge
"Electric Charge" is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force. Electric charge is carried by discrete particles and can be positive or negative. The sign convention is such that the elementary electric charge \(e\), that is, the charge of the proton, is positive. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
quantitykind:ElectricChargeDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
quantitykind:ElectricChargeLineDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeLineDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are \(C \cdot \), \(m^{-1}\), \(C \cdot m^{-2}\) or \(C \cdot m^{-3}\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargeLinearDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeLinearDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
quantitykind:ElectricChargePerAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargePerAmountOfSubstance
"Electric Charge Per Amount Of Substance" is the charge assocated with a given amount of substance. Un the ISO and SI systems this is \(1 mol\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargePerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargePerArea
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are \(C \cdot m^{-1}\), \(C \cdot m^{-2}\) or \(C \cdot m^{-3}\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargePerMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargePerMass
"Electric Charge Per Mass" is the charge associated with a specific mass of a substance. In the SI and ISO systems this is \(1 kg\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargeSurfaceDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeSurfaceDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
quantitykind:ElectricChargeVolumeDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeVolumeDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are \(C \cdot m^{-1}\), \(C \cdot m^{-2}\) or \(C \cdot m^{-3}\).
quantitykind:ElectricConductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity
"Electric Conductivity} or \textit{Specific Conductance" is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity \(\sigma\) is defined as the ratio of the electric current density \(J\) to the electric field \(E\): \(J = \sigma E\). In isotropic materials, conductivity is scalar-valued, however in general, conductivity is a tensor-valued quantity.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent
"Electric Current" is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, for example, a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity. Electric current is one of the base quantities in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity
"Electric Current Density" is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section. Electric current density is a vector-valued quantity. Electric current, \(I\), through a surface \(S\) is defined as \(I = \int_S J \cdot e_n dA\), where \(e_ndA\) is the vector surface element.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerAngle
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerUnitLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerUnitLength
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerUnitTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerUnitTemperature
"Electric Current per Unit Temperature" is used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPhasor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor
"Electric Current Phasor" is a representation of current as a sinusoidal integral quantity using a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square value. A phasor is a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids, where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment
"Electric Dipole Moment" is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of (discrete or continuous) charges. It is a vector-valued quantity. If the system of charges is neutral, that is if the sum of all charges is zero, then the dipole moment of the system is independent of the choice of a reference frame; however in a non-neutral system, such as the dipole moment of a single proton, a dependence on the choice of reference point arises. In such cases it is conventional to choose the reference point to be the center of mass of the system or the center of charge, not some arbitrary origin. This convention ensures that the dipole moment is an intrinsic property of the system. The electric dipole moment of a substance within a domain is the vector sum of electric dipole moments of all electric dipoles included in the domain.
quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment_CubicPerEnergy_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment_CubicPerEnergy_Squared
quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment_QuarticPerEnergy_Cubic
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment_QuarticPerEnergy_Cubic
quantitykind:ElectricDisplacement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacement
In a dielectric material the presence of an electric field E causes the bound charges in the material (atomic nuclei and their electrons) to slightly separate, inducing a local electric dipole moment. The Electric Displacement Field, \(D\), is a vector field that accounts for the effects of free charges within such dielectric materials. This describes also the charge density on an extended surface that could be causing the field.
quantitykind:ElectricDisplacementField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField
quantitykind:ElectricField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricField
The space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. This electric field exerts a force on other electrically charged objects. In the idealized case, the force exerted between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Coulomb's Law).
quantitykind:ElectricFieldStrength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength
\(\textbf{Electric Field Strength}\) is the magnitude and direction of an electric field, expressed by the value of \(E\), also referred to as \(\color{indigo} {\textit{electric field intensity}}\) or simply the electric field.
quantitykind:ElectricFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux
"Electric Flux" through an area is defined as the electric field multiplied by the area of the surface projected in a plane perpendicular to the field. Electric Flux is a scalar-valued quantity.
quantitykind:ElectricFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFluxDensity
\(\textbf{Electric Flux Density}\), also referred to as \(\textit{Electric Displacement}\), is related to electric charge density by the following equation: \(\text{div} \; D = \rho\), where \(\text{div}\) denotes the divergence.
quantitykind:ElectricPolarizability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarizability
"Electric Polarizability" is the relative tendency of a charge distribution, like the electron cloud of an atom or molecule, to be distorted from its normal shape by an external electric field, which is applied typically by inserting the molecule in a charged parallel-plate capacitor, but may also be caused by the presence of a nearby ion or dipole.
quantitykind:ElectricPolarization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization
"Electric Polarization" is the relative shift of positive and negative electric charge in opposite directions within an insulator, or dielectric, induced by an external electric field. Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative. In some materials whose molecules are permanently polarized by chemical forces, such as water molecules, some of the polarization is caused by molecules rotating into the same alignment under the influence of the electric field. One of the measures of polarization is electric dipole moment, which equals the distance between the slightly shifted centres of positive and negative charge multiplied by the amount of one of the charges. Polarization P in its quantitative meaning is the amount of dipole moment p per unit volume V of a polarized material, P = p/V.
quantitykind:ElectricPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential
The Electric Potential is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field. The electric potential \(\phi(x)\) at a point, \(x\), is formally defined as the line integral of the electric field taken along a path from x to the point at infinity. If the electric field is static, that is time independent, then the choice of the path is arbitrary; however if the electric field is time dependent, taking the integral a different paths will produce different results.
quantitykind:ElectricPotentialDifference
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotentialDifference
"Electric Potential Difference" is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field.
quantitykind:ElectricPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPower
"Electric Power" is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. In the simple case of direct current circuits, electric power can be calculated as the product of the potential difference in the circuit (V) and the amount of current flowing in the circuit (I): \(P = VI\), where \(P\) is the power, \(V\) is the potential difference, and \(I\) is the current. However, in general electric power is calculated by taking the integral of the vector cross-product of the electrical and magnetic fields over a specified area.
quantitykind:ElectricPropulsionPropellantMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPropulsionPropellantMass
quantitykind:ElectricQuadrupoleMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricQuadrupoleMoment
The Electric Quadrupole Moment is a quantity which describes the effective shape of the ellipsoid of nuclear charge distribution. A non-zero quadrupole moment Q indicates that the charge distribution is not spherically symmetric. By convention, the value of Q is taken to be positive if the ellipsoid is prolate and negative if it is oblate. In general, the electric quadrupole moment is tensor-valued.
quantitykind:ElectricSusceptibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility
"Electric Susceptibility" is the ratio of electric polarization to electric field strength, normalized to the electric constant. The definition applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium, electric susceptibility is a second order tensor.
quantitykind:ElectricalPowerToMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricalPowerToMassRatio
quantitykind:ElectrolyticConductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity
"Electrolytic Conductivity" of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity.
quantitykind:ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
\(\textbf{Electromagnetic Energy Density}\), also known as the \(\color{indigo} {\textit{Volumic Electromagnetic Energy}}\), is the energy associated with an electromagnetic field, per unit volume of the field.
quantitykind:ElectromagneticPermeability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability
"Permeability} is the degree of magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied magnetic field. In general permeability is a tensor-valued quantity. The definition given applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium permeability is a second order tensor. In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself. In other words, it is the degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field. Magnetic permeability is typically represented by the Greek letter \(\mu\). The term was coined in September, 1885 by Oliver Heaviside. The reciprocal of magnetic permeability is \textit{Magnetic Reluctivity".
quantitykind:ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
The ratio of the electromagnetic permeability of a specific medium to the electromagnetic permeability of free space.
quantitykind:ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
"Electromagnetic Wave Phase Speed" is the ratio of angular velocity and wavenumber.
quantitykind:ElectromotiveForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromotiveForce
In physics, electromotive force, or most commonly \(emf\) (seldom capitalized), or (occasionally) electromotance is that which tends to cause current (actual electrons and ions) to flow. More formally, \(emf\) is the external work expended per unit of charge to produce an electric potential difference across two open-circuited terminals. "Electromotive Force" is deprecated in the ISO System of Quantities.
quantitykind:ElectronAffinity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity
"Electron Affinity" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor. The the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion.
quantitykind:ElectronDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity
"Electron Density" is the number of electrons per volume in conduction bands. It is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at a specific location.
quantitykind:ElectronMeanFreePath
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath
"Electron Mean Free Path" is the mean free path of electrons.
quantitykind:ElectronRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronRadius
"Electron Radius", also known as the Lorentz radius or the Thomson scattering length, is based on a classical (i.e., non-quantum) relativistic model of the electron.
quantitykind:EllipticalOrbitApogeeVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EllipticalOrbitApogeeVelocity
Velocity at apogee for an elliptical orbit velocity
quantitykind:EllipticalOrbitPerigeeVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EllipticalOrbitPerigeeVelocity
Velocity at apogee for an elliptical orbit velocity.
quantitykind:Emissivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Emissivity
Emissivity of a material (usually written \(\varepsilon\) or e) is the relative ability of its surface to emit energy by radiation.
quantitykind:Energy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy
Energy is the quantity characterizing the ability of a system to do work.
quantitykind:EnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensity
Energy density is defined as energy per unit volume. The SI unit for energy density is the joule per cubic meter.
quantitykind:EnergyDensityOfStates
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates
"Energy Density of States" refers to electrons or other entities, e.g. phonons. It can, for example, refer to amount of substance instead of volume.
quantitykind:EnergyExpenditure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyExpenditure
Energy expenditure is dependent on a person's sex, metabolic rate, body-mass composition, the thermic effects of food, and activity level. The approximate energy expenditure of a man lying in bed is \(1.0\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram\). For slow walking (just over two miles per hour), \(3.0\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram\). For fast steady running (about 10 miles per hour), \(16.3\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram\). Females expend about 10 per cent less energy than males of the same size doing a comparable activity. For people weighing the same, individuals with a high percentage of body fat usually expend less energy than lean people, because fat is not as metabolically active as muscle.
quantitykind:EnergyFluence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence
"Energy Fluence" can be used to describe the energy delivered per unit area
quantitykind:EnergyFluenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate
"Energy Fluence Rate" can be used to describe the energy fluence delivered per unit time.
quantitykind:EnergyImparted
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted
The "Energy Imparted", is a physical quantity associated with the energy delivered to a particular volume of matter by all the directly and indirectly ionizing particles (i.e. charged and uncharged) entering that volume.
quantitykind:EnergyInternal
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyInternal
The internal energy is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system. It is the energy needed to create the system, but excludes the energy to displace the system's surroundings, any energy associated with a move as a whole, or due to external force fields. Internal energy has two major components, kinetic energy and potential energy. The internal energy (U) is the sum of all forms of energy (Ei) intrinsic to a thermodynamic system: \( U = \sum_i E_i \)
quantitykind:EnergyKinetic
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyKinetic
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.
quantitykind:EnergyLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyLevel
"Energy Level" is the ionization energy for an electron at the Fermi energy in the interior of a substance.
quantitykind:EnergyPerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerArea
Energy per unit area is a measure of the energy either impinging upon or generated from a given unit of area. This can be a measure of the "toughness" of a material, being the amount of energy that needs to be applied per unit area of a crack to cause it to fracture. This is a constant for a given material..
quantitykind:EnergyPerAreaElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerAreaElectricCharge
"Energy Per Area Electric Charge" is the amount of electric energy associated with a unit of area.
quantitykind:EnergyPerElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerElectricCharge
Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point. Voltage is a scalar quantity. The SI unit of voltage is the volt, such that \(1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb\).
quantitykind:EnergyPerMagneticFluxDensity_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerMagneticFluxDensity_Squared
"Energy Per Square Magnetic Flux Density" is a measure of energy for a unit of magnetic flux density.
quantitykind:EnergyPerMassAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerMassAmountOfSubstance
quantitykind:EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity
"Energy Per Square Magnetic Flux Density" is a measure of energy for a unit of magnetic flux density.
quantitykind:EnergyPerTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerTemperature
quantitykind:Enthalpy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy
In thermodynamics, \(\textit{enthalpy}\) is the sum of the internal energy \(U\) and the product of pressure \(p\) and volume \(V\) of a system. The characteristic function (also known as thermodynamic potential) \(\textit{enthalpy}\) used to be called \(\textit{heat content}\), which is why it is conventionally indicated by \(H\). The specific enthalpy of a working mass is a property of that mass used in thermodynamics, defined as \(h=u+p \cdot v\), where \(u\) is the specific internal energy, \(p\) is the pressure, and \(v\) is specific volume. In other words, \(h = H / m\) where \(m\) is the mass of the system. The SI unit for \(\textit{Specific Enthalpy}\) is \(\textit{joules per kilogram}\)
quantitykind:Entropy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy
When a small amount of heat \(dQ\) is received by a system whose thermodynamic temperature is \(T\), the entropy of the system increases by \(dQ/T\), provided that no irreversible change takes place in the system.
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstantOnConcentrationBasis
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstantOnConcentrationBasis
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
The unit is unit:MOL-PER-M3 raised to the N where N is the summation of stoichiometric numbers. I don't know what to do with this.
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstantOnPressureBasis
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstantOnPressureBasis
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
quantitykind:EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon
"Equilibrium Position Vector of Ion" is the position vector of a particle in equilibrium.
quantitykind:EquivalentAbsorptionArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquivalentAbsorptionArea
In a diffuse sound field, the Equivalent Absorption Area is that area of a surface having an absorption factor equal to 1, which, if diffraction effects are neglected, would, in the same diffuse sound field, absorb the same power.
quantitykind:EvaporativeHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EvaporativeHeatTransfer
"Evaporative Heat Transfer" is
quantitykind:EvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
"Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient" is the areic heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the water vapor pressure difference between skind and the environment, and by the exchange area.
quantitykind:ExchangeIntegral
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral
"Exchange Integral" is the constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions.
quantitykind:ExhaustGasMeanMolecularWeight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExhaustGasMeanMolecularWeight
quantitykind:ExhaustGasesSpecificHeat
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExhaustGasesSpecificHeat
Specific heat of exhaust gases at constant pressure.
quantitykind:ExhaustStreamPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExhaustStreamPower
quantitykind:ExitPlaneCrossSectionalArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExitPlaneCrossSectionalArea
Cross-sectional area at exit plane of nozzle
quantitykind:ExitPlanePressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExitPlanePressure
quantitykind:ExitPlaneTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExitPlaneTemperature
quantitykind:Exposure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure
"Exposure" reflects the extent of ionization events taking place when air is irradiated by ionizing photons (gamma radiation and/or x rays). In photography, exposure is the amount of light allowed to fall on each area unit of a photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.
quantitykind:ExposureRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate
"Exposure Rate" expresses the rate of charge production per unit mass of air and is commonly expressed in roentgens per hour (R/h) or milliroentgens per hour (mR/h).
quantitykind:ExtentOfReaction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction
In physical chemistry, the "Extent of Reaction" is a quantity that measures the extent in which the reaction proceeds.
quantitykind:FLIGHT-PERFORMANCE-RESERVE-PROPELLANT-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FLIGHT-PERFORMANCE-RESERVE-PROPELLANT-MASS
A quantity of propellant, at a nominal mixture ratio, along with fuel bias that is set aside from total propellant loaded to cover for statistical variations of flight hardware characteristics and environment conditions on the day of launch. The launch vehicle is designed to accommodate the maximum FPR loading.
quantitykind:FUEL-BIAS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FUEL-BIAS
An additional quantity of fuel to ensure depletion of high-weight oxidizer before fuel for systems with high-oxidizer mixing ratios (e.g., 6:1). This practice allows for more efficient propellant utilization. Denoted as a percentage.
quantitykind:FastFissionFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor
"Fast Fission Factor" in an infinite medium, is the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
quantitykind:FermiAngularWavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber
quantitykind:FermiEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy
"Fermi Energy" in a metal is the highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature.
quantitykind:FermiTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature
"Fermi Temperature" is the temperature associated with the Fermi energy.
quantitykind:FinalOrCurrentVehicleMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FinalOrCurrentVehicleMass
quantitykind:FirstMomentOfArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FirstMomentOfArea
The first moment of area is the summation of area times distance to an axis. It is a measure of the distribution of the area of a shape in relationship to an axis.
quantitykind:FirstStageMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FirstStageMassRatio
Mass ratio for the first stage of a multistage launcher.
quantitykind:FishBiotransformationHalfLife
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FishBiotransformationHalfLife
A time that quantifies how long its takes to transform 50% of a substance's total concentration from any concentration point in time in fish via whole body metabolic reactions.
quantitykind:FissionCoreRadiusToHeightRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FissionCoreRadiusToHeightRatio
quantitykind:FissionFuelUtilizationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FissionFuelUtilizationFactor
quantitykind:FissionMultiplicationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FissionMultiplicationFactor
The number of fission neutrons produced per absorption in the fuel.
quantitykind:FlashPoint
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FlashPoint
A temperature that is the lowest one at which the vapors of a volatile material will ignite if exposed to an ignition source. It is frequently used to characterize fire hazards and distinguish different flammable fuels.
quantitykind:FlightPathAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FlightPathAngle
Flight path angle is defined in two different ways. To the aerodynamicist, it is the angle between the flight path vector (where the airplane is going) and the local atmosphere. To the flight crew, it is normally known as the angle between the flight path vector and the horizon, also known as the climb (or descent) angle.
quantitykind:Flux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Flux
Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:Force
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force
"Force" is an influence that causes mass to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. Force is defined by Newton's Second Law as \(F = m \times a \), where \(F\) is force, \(m\) is mass and \(a\) is acceleration. Net force is mathematically equal to the time rate of change of the momentum of the body on which it acts. Since momentum is a vector quantity (has both a magnitude and direction), force also is a vector quantity.
quantitykind:ForceMagnitude
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForceMagnitude
The 'magnitude' of a force is its 'size' or 'strength', regardless of the direction in which it acts.
quantitykind:ForcePerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForcePerArea
The force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)
quantitykind:ForcePerAreaTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForcePerAreaTime
quantitykind:ForcePerElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForcePerElectricCharge
The electric field depicts the force exerted on other electrically charged objects by the electrically charged particle the field is surrounding. The electric field is a vector field with SI units of newtons per coulomb (\(N C^{-1}\)) or, equivalently, volts per metre (\(V m^{-1}\) ). The SI base units of the electric field are \(kg m s^{-3} A^{-1}\). The strength or magnitude of the field at a given point is defined as the force that would be exerted on a positive test charge of 1 coulomb placed at that point
quantitykind:Frequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency
"Frequency" is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. The repetition of the events may be periodic (that is. the length of time between event repetitions is fixed) or aperiodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions varies). Therefore, we distinguish between periodic and aperiodic frequencies. In the SI system, periodic frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or multiples of hertz, while aperiodic frequency is measured in becquerel (Bq). In spectroscopy, \(\nu\) is mostly used. Light passing through different media keeps its frequency, but not its wavelength or wavenumber.
quantitykind:Friction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Friction
"Friction" is the force of two surfaces In contact, or the force of a medium acting on a moving object (that is air on an aircraft). When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.
quantitykind:FrictionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FrictionCoefficient
"Friction Coefficient" is the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together
quantitykind:Fugacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity
"Fugacity" of a real gas is an effective pressure which replaces the true mechanical pressure in accurate chemical equilibrium calculations. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same chemical potential as the real gas.
quantitykind:FundamentalLatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector
"Fundamental Lattice vector" are fundamental translation vectors for the crystal lattice.
quantitykind:FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
"Fundamental Reciprocal Lattice Vector" are fundamental, or primary, translation vectors the reciprocal lattice.
quantitykind:GFactorOfNucleus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus
The "g-Factor of Nucleus" is associated with the spin and magnetic moments of protons, neutrons, and many nuclei.
quantitykind:GROSS-LIFT-OFF-WEIGHT
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GROSS-LIFT-OFF-WEIGHT
The sum of a rocket's inert mass and usable fluids and gases at sea level.
quantitykind:Gain
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Gain
A general term used to denote an increase in signal power or signal strength in transmission from one point to another. Gain is usually expressed in decibels and is widely used to denote transducer gain. An increase or amplification. In radar there are two general usages of the term: (a) antenna gain, or gain factor, is the ratio of the power transmitted along the beam axis to that of an isotropic radiator transmitting the same total power; (b) receiver gain, or video gain, is the amplification given a signal by the receiver.
quantitykind:GapEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GapEnergy
"Gap Energy" is the difference in energy between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band. It is an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist.
quantitykind:GeneFamilyAbundance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneFamilyAbundance
The abundance of each gene family in the community. Gene families are groups of evolutionarily-related protein-coding sequences that often perform similar functions. Gene family abundance is reported in RPK (reads per kilobase) units to normalize for gene length.
quantitykind:GeneralizedCoordinate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedCoordinate
Generalized Coordinates refers to the parameters that describe the configuration of the system relative to some reference configuration. These parameters must uniquely define the configuration of the system relative to the reference configuration.
quantitykind:GeneralizedForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedForce
Generalized Forces find use in Lagrangian mechanics, where they play a role conjugate to generalized coordinates.
quantitykind:GeneralizedMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedMomentum
Generalized Momentum, also known as the canonical or conjugate momentum, extends the concepts of both linear momentum and angular momentum. To distinguish it from generalized momentum, the product of mass and velocity is also referred to as mechanical, kinetic or kinematic momentum.
quantitykind:GeneralizedVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedVelocity
Generalized Velocities are the time derivatives of the generalized coordinates of the system.
quantitykind:GibbsEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GibbsEnergy
"Gibbs Energy} is one of the potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state. The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure. \textit{Internal Energy} is the internal energy of the system, \textit{Enthalpy} is the internal energy of the system plus the energy related to pressure-volume work, and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively. The name \textit{Gibbs Free Energy" is also used.
quantitykind:GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction
An "Grand Canonical Partition Function" for a grand canonical ensemble, a system that can exchange both heat and particles with the environment, which has a constant temperature and a chemical potential.
quantitykind:GravitationalAttraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GravitationalAttraction
The force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; the more remote the body the less the gravity; the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
quantitykind:Gravity_API
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Gravity_API
The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water: if its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquid's density relative to that of water (also known as specific gravity). It is used to compare densities of petroleum liquids. For example, if one petroleum liquid is less dense than another, it has a greater API gravity. Although API gravity is mathematically a dimensionless quantity (see the formula below), it is referred to as being in 'degrees'. API gravity is graduated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument. API gravity values of most petroleum liquids fall between 10 and 70 degrees.
quantitykind:GroupSpeedOfSound
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GroupSpeedOfSound
In a dispersive medium sound speed is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. The spatial and temporal distribution of a propagating disturbance will continually change. The group speed of sound describes the propagation of the disturbance.
quantitykind:GruneisenParameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GruneisenParameter
"Gruneisen Parameter" named after Eduard Grüneisen, describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
quantitykind:GustatoryThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GustatoryThreshold
"Gustatory Threshold" are thresholds for classes of taste that can be detected by the human mouth and thresholds of sensitivity to foods, drinks and other substances.
quantitykind:GyromagneticRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio
"Gyromagnetic Ratio}, also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio in other disciplines, of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic dipole moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol, \(\gamma\). Its SI units are radian per second per tesla (\(rad s^{-1} \cdot T^{1}\)) or, equivalently, coulomb per kilogram (\(C \cdot kg^{-1"\)).
quantitykind:Half-Life
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life
The "Half-Life" is the average duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
quantitykind:Half-ValueThickness
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness
The "Half-Value Thickness" is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half.
quantitykind:HallCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient
"Hall Coefficient" is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field.
quantitykind:HamiltonFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HamiltonFunction
The Hamilton–Jacobi equation (HJE) is a necessary condition describing extremal geometry in generalizations of problems from the calculus of variations.
quantitykind:HeadEndPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeadEndPressure
quantitykind:HeartRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeartRate
The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually per minute. The heart rate is based on the number of contractions of the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). The heart rate may be too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia). The average adult pulse rate at rest is 60–80 per minute, but exercise, injury, illness, and emotion may produce much faster rates.
quantitykind:Heat
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat
"Heat" is the energy transferred by a thermal process. Heat can be measured in terms of the dynamical units of energy, as the erg, joule, etc., or in terms of the amount of energy required to produce a definite thermal change in some substance, as, for example, the energy required per degree to raise the temperature of a unit mass of water at some temperature ( calorie, Btu).
quantitykind:HeatCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity
"Heat Capacity" (usually denoted by a capital \(C\), often with subscripts), or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount. In the International System of Units (SI), heat capacity is expressed in units of joule(s) (J) per kelvin (K).
quantitykind:HeatCapacityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio
The heat capacity ratio, or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (\(C_P\)) to heat capacity at constant volume (\(C_V\)). For an ideal gas, the heat capacity is constant with temperature (\(\theta\)). Accordingly we can express the enthalpy as \(H = C_P*\theta\) and the internal energy as \(U = C_V \cdot \theta\). Thus, it can also be said that the heat capacity ratio is the ratio between enthalpy and internal energy.
quantitykind:HeatFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate
The rate of heat flow between two systems is measured in watts (joules per second). The formula for rate of heat flow is \(\bigtriangleup Q / \bigtriangleup t = -K \times A \times \bigtriangleup T/x\), where \(\bigtriangleup Q / \bigtriangleup t\) is the rate of heat flow; \(-K\) is the thermal conductivity factor; A is the surface area; \(\bigtriangleup T\) is the change in temperature and \(x\) is the thickness of the material. \(\bigtriangleup T/ x\) is called the temperature gradient and is always negative because of the heat of flow always goes from more thermal energy to less).
quantitykind:HeatFlowRatePerUnitArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRatePerUnitArea
\(\textit{Heat Flux}\) is the heat rate per unit area. In SI units, heat flux is measured in \(W/m^2\). Heat rate is a scalar quantity, while heat flux is a vectorial quantity. To define the heat flux at a certain point in space, one takes the limiting case where the size of the surface becomes infinitesimally small.
quantitykind:HeatFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFluxDensity