QUDT Quantity Kinds Version 2.1.36
This version: 2.1
Latest published version: http://www.qudt.org/doc/2024/02/DOC_VOCAB-QUANTITY-KINDS-ALL-v2.1.html
Previous published version: https://qudt.org/doc/2024/01/DOC_VOCAB-QUANTITY-KINDS-ALL-v2.1.html
Editor: Ralph Hodgson, TopQuadrant, Inc
Contributors: Jack Hodges, Steve Ray
Last Modified: 2024-02-26T16:05:36.193-05:00
Copyright © 2011 - 2024 qudt.org , All Rights Reserved.
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Abstract
Provides the set of all quantity kinds.
The namespace prefix for resources in this ontology is: quantitykind
The vocabulary graph is available as:
Turtle
Table of Contents
Imported Graphs
A list of graphs imported by http://qudt.org/2.1/vocab/quantitykind is shown below.
| Graph URI | Intent |
|---|---|
| http://qudt.org/2.1/schema/facade/qudt | |
| http://qudt.org/2.1/vocab/dimensionvector | TBD |
Non-imported Resources
The graph uses 19 resources from other graphs that are not imported, as listed below:
Resource Index
The main namespace for resources in this graph is http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ with the prefix quantitykind.
Classes
No Classes defined in this graph
Properties
No Properties defined in this graph
Instances
The graph defines, or extends, 1145 instances, as indexed below:
Restricted Datatypes
No restricted datatypes defined in this graph
quantitykind:AbsoluteActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity
The "Absolute Activity" is the exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to \(RT\) where \(R\) is the gas constant and \(T\) the thermodynamic temperature.
quantitykind:AbsoluteHumidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity
"Absolute Humidity" is an amount of water vapor, usually discussed per unit volume. Absolute humidity in air ranges from zero to roughly 30 grams per cubic meter when the air is saturated at \(30 ^\circ C\). The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes. This is very inconvenient for chemical engineering calculations, e.g. for clothes dryers, where temperature can vary considerably. As a result, absolute humidity is generally defined in chemical engineering as mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air, also known as the mass mixing ratio, which is much more rigorous for heat and mass balance calculations. Mass of water per unit volume as in the equation above would then be defined as volumetric humidity. Because of the potential confusion.
quantitykind:AbsoluteTypographicMeasurement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteTypographicMeasurement
quantitykind:AbsorbedDose
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose
"Absorbed Dose" (also known as Total Ionizing Dose, TID) is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation. It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, and so has the unit \(J/kg\), which is given the special name Gray (\(Gy\)).
Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose. The risk of stoctic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the effective dose, which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related unit, the Sievert is used.
quantitykind:AbsorbedDoseRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate
"Absorbed Dose Rate" is the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation imparted at a given location per unit of time (second, minute, hour, or day).
quantitykind:Absorptance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Absorptance
Absorptance is the ratio of the radiation absorbed by a surface to that incident upon it. Also known as absorbance.
quantitykind:Acceleration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration
Acceleration is the (instantaneous) rate of change of velocity. Acceleration may be either linear acceleration, or angular acceleration. It is a vector quantity with dimension \(length/time^{2}\) for linear acceleration, or in the case of angular acceleration, with dimension \(angle/time^{2}\). In SI units, linear acceleration is measured in \(meters/second^{2}\) (\(m \cdot s^{-2}\)) and angular acceleration is measured in \(radians/second^{2}\). In physics, any increase or decrease in speed is referred to as acceleration and similarly, motion in a circle at constant speed is also an acceleration, since the direction component of the velocity is changing.
quantitykind:AccelerationOfGravity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AccelerationOfGravity
The acceleration of freely falling bodies under the influence of terrestrial gravity, equal to approximately 9.81 meters (32 feet) per second per second.
quantitykind:AcceptorDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity
"Acceptor Density" is the number per volume of acceptor levels.
quantitykind:AcceptorIonizationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorIonizationEnergy
"Acceptor Ionization Energy" is the ionization energy of an acceptor.
quantitykind:Acidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acidity
Chemicals or substances having a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic; lower pH means higher acidity.
quantitykind:AcousticImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcousticImpedance
Acoustic impedance at a surface is the complex quotient of the average sound pressure over that surface by the sound volume flow rate through that surface.
quantitykind:Action
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action
An action is usually an integral over time. But for action pertaining to fields, it may be integrated over spatial variables as well. In some cases, the action is integrated along the path followed by the physical system. If the action is represented as an integral over time, taken a the path of the system between the initial time and the final time of the development of the system. The evolution of a physical system between two states is determined by requiring the action be minimized or, more generally, be stationary for small perturbations about the true evolution. This requirement leads to differential equations that describe the true evolution. Conversely, an action principle is a method for reformulating differential equations of motion for a physical system as an equivalent integral equation. Although several variants have been defined (see below), the most commonly used action principle is Hamilton's principle.
quantitykind:ActionTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActionTime
Action Time (sec)
quantitykind:ActiveEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy
"Active Energy" is the electrical energy transformable into some other form of energy.
quantitykind:ActivePower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower
\(Active Power\) is, under periodic conditions, the mean value, taken over one period \(T\), of the instantaneous power \(p\). In complex notation, \(P = \mathbf{Re} \; \underline{S}\), where \(\underline{S}\) is \(\textit{complex power}\)".
quantitykind:Activity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity
"Activity" is the number of decays per unit time of a radioactive sample, the term used to characterise the number of nuclei which disintegrate in a radioactive substance per unit time. Activity is usually measured in Becquerels (\(Bq\)), where 1 \(Bq\) is 1 disintegration per second, in honor of the scientist Henri Becquerel.
quantitykind:ActivityCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient
An "Activity Coefficient" is a factor used in thermodynamics to account for deviations from ideal behaviour in a mixture of chemical substances. In an ideal mixture, the interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or more formally, the enthalpy change of solution is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures can be expressed directly in terms of simple concentrations or partial pressures of the substances present e.g. Raoult's law. Deviations from ideality are accommodated by modifying the concentration by an activity coefficient.
quantitykind:ActivityConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration
The "Activity Concentration", also known as volume activity, and activity density, is .
quantitykind:ActivityRelatedByMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityRelatedByMass
quantitative data of the radioactivity of the amount of a radionuclide in a particular state of energy at a defined point in time, divided by the related mass of this quantity
quantitykind:ActivityThresholds
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityThresholds
"Activity Thresholds" are thresholds of sensitivity for radioactivity.
quantitykind:Adaptation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Adaptation
"Adaptation" is the recovery of visual ability following exposure to light (dark adaptation), usually measured in units of time.
quantitykind:Admittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance
"Admittance" is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the inverse of the impedance (\(Z\)).
quantitykind:AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
The "Alpha Disintegration Energy" is the sum of the kinetic energy of the \(\alpha\)-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
quantitykind:Altitude
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Altitude
Altitude or height is defined based on the context in which it is used (aviation, geometry, geographical survey, sport, and more). As a general definition, altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object. The reference datum also often varies according to the context. [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:AmbientPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmbientPressure
The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, which comes into contact with the object. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa), which is a very small unit relative to atmospheric pressure on Earth, so kilopascals (\(kPa\)) are more commonly used in this context.
quantitykind:AmountOfBiologicallyActiveSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfBiologicallyActiveSubstance
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance
"Amount of Substance" is a standards-defined quantity that measures the size of an ensemble of elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, and other particles. It is sometimes referred to as chemical amount. The International System of Units (SI) defines the amount of substance to be proportional to the number of elementary entities present. The SI unit for amount of substance is \(mole\). It has the unit symbol \(mol\). The mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains an equal number of elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012kg of the isotope carbon-12. This number is called Avogadro's number and has the value \(6.02214179(30) \times 10^{23}\). The only other unit of amount of substance in current use is the \(pound-mole\) with the symbol \(lb-mol\), which is sometimes used in chemical engineering in the United States. One \(pound-mole\) is exactly \(453.59237 mol\).
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
"Amount of Substance of Concentration" is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB
"Amount of Substance of Concentration of B" is defined as the amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceFraction
"Fractional Amount of Substance" is defined as tthe amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstanceFractionOfB
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceFractionOfB
"Amount of Substance of Fraction of B" is defined as tthe amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMass
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMassPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstancePerUnitMassPressure
The "Variation of Molar Mass" of a gas as a function of pressure.
quantitykind:AmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
The amount of substance per unit volume is called the molar density. Molar density is an intensive property of a substance and depends on the temperature and pressure.
quantitykind:Angle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle
The abstract notion of angle. Narrow concepts include plane angle and solid angle. While both plane angle and solid angle are dimensionless, they are actually length/length and area/area respectively.
quantitykind:AngleOfAttack
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngleOfAttack
Angle of attack is the angle between the oncoming air or relative wind and a reference line on the airplane or wing.
quantitykind:AngleOfOpticalRotation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngleOfOpticalRotation
The "Angle of Optical Rotation" is the angle through which plane-polarized light is rotated clockwise, as seen when facing the light source, in passing through an optically active medium.
quantitykind:AngularAcceleration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. Measurement of the change made in the rate of change of an angle that a spinning object undergoes per unit time. It is a vector quantity. Also called Rotational acceleration. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (\(rad/s^2\)), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha.
quantitykind:AngularCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection
"Angular Cross-section" is the cross-section for ejecting or scattering a particle into an elementary cone, divided by the solid angle \(d\Omega\) of that cone.
quantitykind:AngularDistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularDistance
Angular distance travelled by orbiting vehicle measured from the azimuth of closest approach.
quantitykind:AngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency
"Angular frequency", symbol \(\omega\) (also referred to by the terms angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance) is a scalar measure of rotation rate. Angular frequency (or angular speed) is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity.
quantitykind:AngularImpulse
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularImpulse
The Angular Impulse, also known as angular momentum, is the moment of linear momentum around a point. It is defined as\(H = \int Mdt\), where \(M\) is the moment of force and \(t\) is time.
quantitykind:AngularMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum
Angular Momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars. \textit{Angular Momentum}, \textit{Moment of Momentum}, or \textit{Rotational Momentum", is a vector quantity that represents the product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis.
quantitykind:AngularMomentumPerAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentumPerAngle
quantitykind:AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
"Angular Reciprocal Lattice Vector" is a vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of \(2\pi\).
quantitykind:AngularVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity
Angular Velocity refers to how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point.
quantitykind:AngularWavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber
"wavenumber" is the spatial frequency of a wave - the number of waves that exist over a specified distance. More formally, it is the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector.
quantitykind:ApogeeRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApogeeRadius
Apogee radius of an elliptical orbit
quantitykind:ApparentPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower
"Apparent Power" is the product of the rms voltage \(U\) between the terminals of a two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the rms electric current I in the element or circuit. Under sinusoidal conditions, the apparent power is the modulus of the complex power.
quantitykind:Area
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area
Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically a region bounded by a closed curve.
quantitykind:AreaChargeDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaChargeDensity
quantitykind:AreaTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaTemperature
quantitykind:AreaThermalExpansion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaThermalExpansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion.
quantitykind:AreaTimeTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreaTimeTemperature
quantitykind:AreicChargeDensityOrElectricFluxDensityOrElectricPolarization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicChargeDensityOrElectricFluxDensityOrElectricPolarization
charge Q presented on an area of size A divided by the area A or vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant (permittivity) ε₀
quantitykind:AreicDataVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicDataVolume
volume of data, which is usually dependent on the respective complexity of the information or its coding procedure, divided by the related area
quantitykind:AreicEnergyFlow
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicEnergyFlow
energy in a defined direction of propagation through a surface perpendicular to this, divided by its area
quantitykind:AreicHeatFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicHeatFlowRate
Density of heat flow rate.
quantitykind:AreicMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicMass
mass divided by the related area
quantitykind:AreicTorque
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AreicTorque
ratio of a torque acting on a surface and causing a rotation or shearing divided by this area
quantitykind:Asset
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Asset
An Asset is an economic resource owned by a business or company. Simply stated, assets are things of value that can be readily converted into cash (although cash itself is also considered an asset).
quantitykind:AtmosphericHydroxylationRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtmosphericHydroxylationRate
A second order reaction rate constant that is a specific second order reaction rate constant that governs the kinetics of an atmospheric, gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radicals and an organic chemical.
quantitykind:AtmosphericPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtmosphericPressure
The pressure exerted by the weight of the air above it at any point on the earth's surface. At sea level the atmosphere will support a column of mercury about \(760 mm\) high. This decreases with increasing altitude. The standard value for the atmospheric pressure at sea level in SI units is \(101,325 pascals\).
quantitykind:AtomScatteringFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor
"Atom Scattering Factor" is measure of the scattering power of an isolated atom.
quantitykind:AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
"Atomic Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per the number of atoms in the substance.
quantitykind:AtomicCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicCharge
The electric charge of an ion, equal to the number of electrons the atom has gained or lost in its ionization multiplied by the charge on one electron.
quantitykind:AtomicEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicEnergy
skalare Größe von Elementarteilchen, die bei beliebiger Umwandlung innerhalb eines Systems erhalten bleibt und als gespeichertes Arbeitsvermögen die Fähigkeit eines physikalischen Systems darstellt, Arbeit zu verrichten
quantitykind:AtomicMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicMass
The "Atomic Mass" is the mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units.
quantitykind:AtomicNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber
The "Atomic Number", also known as the proton number, is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. A nuclide is a species of atom with specified numbers of protons and neutrons. Nuclides with the same value of Z but different values of N are called isotopes of an element. The ordinal number of an element in the periodic table is equal to the atomic number. The atomic number equals the charge of the nucleus in units of the elementary charge.
quantitykind:AtomicStoppingPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicStoppingPower
ratio of the linear stopping power to the number density of the atoms in the medium
quantitykind:AttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AttenuationCoefficient
The attenuation coefficient is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A large attenuation coefficient means that the beam is quickly "attenuated" (weakened) as it passes through the medium, and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively transparent to the beam. The Attenuation Coefficient is also called linear attenuation coefficient, narrow beam attenuation coefficient, or absorption coefficient.
quantitykind:AuditoryThresholds
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AuditoryThresholds
"Auditory Thresholds" is the thresholds of sensitivity to auditory signals and other input to the ear or the sense of hearing.
quantitykind:AuxillaryMagneticField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AuxillaryMagneticField
Magnetic Fields surround magnetic materials and electric currents and are detected by the force they exert on other magnetic materials and moving electric charges. The electric and magnetic fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the electromagnetic field. A pure electric field in one reference frame is observed as a combination of both an electric field and a magnetic field in a moving reference frame. The Auxillary Magnetic Field, H characterizes how the true Magnetic Field B influences the organization of magnetic dipoles in a given medium.
quantitykind:AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
"Average Energy Loss per Elementary Charge Produced" is also referred to as average energy loss per ion pair formed.
quantitykind:AverageHeadEndPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageHeadEndPressure
quantitykind:AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
"Average Logarithmic Energy Decrement" is a measure of the amount of energy a neutron loses upon colliding with various nuclei. It is the average value of the increase in lethargy in elastic collisions between neutrons and nuclei whose kinetic energy is negligible compared with that of the neutrons.
quantitykind:AverageSpecificImpulse
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageSpecificImpulse
Avg Specific Impulse (lbf-sec/lbm)
quantitykind:AverageVacuumThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageVacuumThrust
quantitykind:BandwidthDistanceProduct
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BandwidthDistanceProduct
quantitykind:BandwidthLengthProduct
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BandwidthLengthProduct
parameter of transmission media for determination of frequency and length restrictions as reciprocal value of the multimode distortion corresponding to the product of maximum pulse frequency and maximum transmission distance
quantitykind:Basicity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Basicity
Chemicals or substances having a pH higher than 7 are said to be basic; higher pH means higher basicity.
quantitykind:BatteryCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BatteryCapacity
quantity of electricity or electrical charge which a fully charged battery can supply under specified conditions as a product of discharge current and discharge time
quantitykind:BendingMomentOfForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BendingMomentOfForce
A bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the element bends. It is the component of moment of force perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a beam or a shaft.
quantitykind:BetaDisintegrationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BetaDisintegrationEnergy
"Beta Disintegration Energy" is the energy released by a beta particle radioactive decay. It is the sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in the reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
quantitykind:BevelGearPitchAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BevelGearPitchAngle
Pitch angle in bevel gears is the angle between an element of a pitch cone and its axis. In external and internal bevel gears, the pitch angles are respectively less than and greater than 90 degrees.
quantitykind:BindingFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction
The "Binding Fraction" is the ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
quantitykind:BioconcentrationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BioconcentrationFactor
The bioconcentration factor is the ratio of the concentration of a chemical substance in biota over the concentration of the same chemical substance in water. It is related to the octanol-water partition coefficient.
quantitykind:BiodegredationHalfLife
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BiodegredationHalfLife
A time that quantifies how long it takes to reduce a substance's concentration by 50% from any concentration point in time in a water or soil environment by either bacteria or another living organism.
quantitykind:BitDataVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BitDataVolume
name for a particular quantity of data on the basis of the binary digit "Bit" (basic indissoluble information unit) which can only assume a state of 1 or 0
quantitykind:BitTransmissionRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BitTransmissionRate
speed with which one bit will be transmitted per second
quantitykind:BloodGlucoseLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BloodGlucoseLevel
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals. Glucose is a simple sugar and approximately 4 grams of glucose are present in the blood of humans at all times. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen;[2] in fasted individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level at the expense of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle. [Wikipedia] \(\\\) There are two main methods of describing concentrations: by weight, and by molecular count. Weights are in grams, molecular counts in moles. A mole is \(6.022\times 10^{23}\) molecules.) In both cases, the unit is usually modified by \(milli-\) or \(micro-\) or other prefix, and is always \(per\) some volume, often a liter. Conversion factors depend on the molecular weight of the substance in question. \(\\\) \(mmol/L\) is millimoles/liter, and is the world standard unit for measuring glucose in blood. Specifically, it is the designated SI (Systeme International) unit. 'World standard' is not universal; not only the US but a number of other countries use mg/dl. A mole is about \(6\times 10^{23}\) molecules. \(\\\) \(mg/dL\) (milligrams/deciliter) is the traditional unit for measuring bG (blood glucose). There is a trend toward using \(mmol/L\) however mg/dL is much in practice. Some use is made of \(mmol/L\) as the primary unit with \(mg/dL\) quoted in parentheses. This acknowledges the large base of health care providers, researchers and patients who are already familiar with \(mg/dL|).
citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level
quantitykind:BloodGlucoseLevel_Mass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BloodGlucoseLevel_Mass
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals. Glucose is a simple sugar and approximately 4 grams of glucose are present in the blood of humans at all times. The body tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen;[2] in fasted individuals, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level at the expense of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle. [Wikipedia] \(\\\) There are two main methods of describing concentrations: by weight, and by molecular count. Weights are in grams, molecular counts in moles. A mole is \(6.022\times 10^{23}\) molecules.) In both cases, the unit is usually modified by \(milli-\) or \(micro-\) or other prefix, and is always \(per\) some volume, often a liter. Conversion factors depend on the molecular weight of the substance in question. \(\\\) \(mmol/L\) is millimoles/liter, and is the world standard unit for measuring glucose in blood. Specifically, it is the designated SI (Systeme International) unit. 'World standard' is not universal; not only the US but a number of other countries use mg/dl. A mole is about \(6\times 10^{23}\) molecules. \(\\\) \(mg/dL\) (milligrams/deciliter) is the traditional unit for measuring bG (blood glucose). There is a trend toward using \(mmol/L\) however mg/dL is much in practice. Some use is made of \(mmol/L\) as the primary unit with \(mg/dL\) quoted in parentheses. This acknowledges the large base of health care providers, researchers and patients who are already familiar with \(mg/dL|).
citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_sugar_level
quantitykind:BodyMassIndex
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BodyMassIndex
\(\textit{Body Mass Index}\), BMI, is an index of weight for height, calculated as: \(BMI = \frac{M_{body}}{H^2}\), where \(M_{body}\) is body mass in kg, and \(H\) is height in metres. The BMI has been used as a guideline for defining whether a person is overweight because it minimizes the effect of height, but it does not take into consideration other important factors, such as age and body build. The BMI has also been used as an indicator of obesity on the assumption that the higher the index, the greater the level of body fat.
quantitykind:BoilingPoint
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BoilingPoint
A temperature that is the one at which a substance will change its physical state from a liquid to a gas. It is also the temperature where the liquid and gaseous forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium.
quantitykind:BraggAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle
"Bragg Angle" describes the condition for a plane wave to be diffracted from a family of lattice planes, the angle between the wavevector of the incident plane wave, and the lattice planes.
quantitykind:Breadth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Breadth
"Breadth" is the extent or measure of how broad or wide something is.
quantitykind:BulkModulus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus
The bulk modulus of a substance measures the substance's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume.
quantitykind:BurgersVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector
"Burgers Vector" is the vector characterizing a dislocation, i.e. the closing vector in a Burgers circuit encircling a dislocation line.
quantitykind:BurstFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurstFactor
bursting pressure divided by areic mass
quantitykind:ByteDataVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ByteDataVolume
particular quantity of data based on a string consisting of 8 bits
quantitykind:ByteTransmissionRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ByteTransmissionRate
speed with which 8 bits are transmitted
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_X
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_X
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Y
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Y
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Z
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-GRAVITY_Z
quantitykind:CENTER-OF-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CENTER-OF-MASS
The point at which the distributed mass of a composite body can be acted upon by a force without inducing any rotation of the composite body.
quantitykind:CONTRACT-END-ITEM-SPECIFICATION-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CONTRACT-END-ITEM-SPECIFICATION-MASS
Contractual mass requirement of a delivered item. Note that The term 'control mass' is sometimes utilized as a limit in lieu of CEI mass when a CEI mass does not exist. The term 'Interface Control Document Mass' is another alternative for specifying a contractual mass requirement.
quantitykind:CONTROL-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CONTROL-MASS
The upper design gross mass limit of a system at a specified mission event against which margins are calculated after accounting for basic masses of flight hardware, MGA, and uncertainties. It may include propellants, crew, and cargo.
quantitykind:CanonicalPartitionFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction
A "Canonical Partition Function" applies to a canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and number of particles.
quantitykind:Capacitance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance
"Capacitance" is the ability of a body to hold an electrical charge; it is quantified as the amount of electric charge stored for a given electric potential. Capacitance is a scalar-valued quantity.
quantitykind:Capacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacity
In computer operations, (a) the largest quantity which can be stored, processed, or transferred; (b) the largest number of digits or characters which may regularly be processed; (c) the upper and lower limits of the quantities which may be processed. In other contexts, the amount of material that can be stored, such as fuel or food.
quantitykind:CarrierLifetime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime
"Carrier LifetIme" is a time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors.
quantitykind:CartesianArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CartesianArea
"Area" is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane.
quantitykind:CartesianCoordinates
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CartesianCoordinates
"Cartesian Coordinates" specify each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances from the point to two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.
quantitykind:CartesianVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CartesianVolume
"Volume" is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by some closed boundary, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
quantitykind:CatalyticActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity
An index of the actual or potential activity of a catalyst. The catalytic activity of an enzyme or an enzyme-containing preparation is defined as the property measured by the increase in the rate of conversion of a specified chemical reaction that the enzyme produces in a specified assay system. Catalytic activity is an extensive quantity and is a property of the enzyme, not of the reaction mixture; it is thus conceptually different from rate of conversion although measured by and equidimensional with it. The unit for catalytic activity is the \(katal\); it may also be expressed in mol \(s^{-1}\). Dimensions: \(N T^{-1}\). Former terms such as catalytic ability, catalytic amount, and enzymic activity are no er recommended. Derived quantities are molar catalytic activity, specific catalytic activity, and catalytic activity concentration. Source(s): www.answers.com
quantitykind:CatalyticActivityConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivityConcentration
The catalytic activity of an enzyme per unit volume, where volume refers to that of the original enzyme‐containing preparation, not that of the assay system. It may be expressed in katals per litre.
quantitykind:CelsiusTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelsiusTemperature
"Celsius Temperature", the thermodynamic temperature T_0, is exactly 0.01 kelvin below the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
quantitykind:CenterOfGravity_X
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CenterOfGravity_X
quantitykind:CenterOfGravity_Y
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CenterOfGravity_Y
quantitykind:CenterOfGravity_Z
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CenterOfGravity_Z
quantitykind:CharacteristicAcousticImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CharacteristicAcousticImpedance
Characteristic impedance at a point in a non-dissipative medium and for a plane progressive wave, the quotient of the sound pressure \(p\) by the component of the sound particle velocity \(v\) in the direction of the wave propagation.
quantitykind:CharacteristicNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CharacteristicNumber
quantity of dimension one (as a result of measuring technology theory) which clarifies facts, states or developments and is used as a scale e.g. to represent causes and effects of events
quantitykind:CharacteristicVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CharacteristicVelocity
Characteristic velocity or \(c^{*}\) is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket engine independent of nozzle performance, and is used to compare different propellants and propulsion systems.
quantitykind:ChargeNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber
The "Charge Number", or just valance of an ion is the coefficient that, when multiplied by the elementary charge, gives the ion's charge.
quantitykind:ChemicalAffinity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, "Chemical Affinity" is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds. Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency of an atom or compound to combine by chemical reaction with atoms or compounds of unlike composition.
quantitykind:ChemicalConsumptionPerMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalConsumptionPerMass
quantitykind:ChemicalPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential
"Chemical Potential", also known as partial molar free energy, is a form of potential energy that can be absorbed or released during a chemical reaction.
quantitykind:Chromaticity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Chromaticity
Chromaticity is an objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its luminance
quantitykind:Circulation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Circulation
In fluid dynamics, circulation is the line integral around a closed curve of the fluid velocity. It has dimensions of length squared over time.
quantitykind:ClosestApproachRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ClosestApproachRadius
quantitykind:CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
"Coefficient of Heat Transfer", in thermodynamics and in mechanical and chemical engineering, is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux, that is heat flow per unit area, q/A, and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (that is, the temperature difference, (Delta T). Areic heat flow rate divided by thermodynamic temperature difference. In building technology, the "Coefficient of Heat Transfer", is often called "thermal transmittance}" with the symbol "U". It has SI units in watts per squared meter kelvin.
quantitykind:Coercivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity
\(\textit{Coercivity}\), also referred to as \(\textit{Coercive Field Strength}\), is the magnetic field strength to be applied to bring the magnetic flux density in a substance from its remaining magnetic flux density to zero. This is defined as the coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. The quantity which is brought to zero should be stated, and the appropriate symbol used: \(H_{cB}\), \(H_{cJ}\) or \(H_{cM}\) for the coercivity relating to the magnetic flux density, the magnetic polarization or the magnetization respectively, where \(H_{cJ} = H_{cM}\).
quantitykind:CoherenceLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoherenceLength
"Coherence Length" characterizes the distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable.
quantitykind:ColdReceptorThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ColdReceptorThreshold
"Cold Receptor Threshold" is the threshold of cold-sensitive free nerve-ending.
quantitykind:CombinedNonEvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CombinedNonEvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
"Combined Non Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient" is the
quantitykind:CombustionChamberTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CombustionChamberTemperature
quantitykind:ComplexFrequency_Real
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexFrequency_Real
quantitykind:ComplexPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower
"Complex Power", under sinusoidal conditions, is the product of the phasor \(U\) representing the voltage between the terminals of a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the complex conjugate of the phasor \(I\) representing the electric current in the element or circuit.
quantitykind:Compressibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility
Compressibility is a measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
quantitykind:CompressibilityFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CompressibilityFactor
The compressibility factor (\(Z\)) is a useful thermodynamic property for modifying the ideal gas law to account for the real gas behaviour. The closer a gas is to a phase change, the larger the deviations from ideal behavior. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Values for compressibility are calculated using equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation and van der Waals equation. The compressibility factor for specific gases can be obtained, with out calculation, from compressibility charts. These charts are created by plotting Z as a function of pressure at constant temperature.
quantitykind:Concentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Furthermore, in chemistry, four types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes in solutions.
quantitykind:Conductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance
\(\textit{Conductance}\), for a resistive two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit with terminals A and B, quotient of the electric current i in the element or circuit by the voltage \(u_{AB}\) between the terminals: \(G = \frac{1}{R}\), where the electric current is taken as positive if its direction is from A to B and negative in the opposite case. The conductance of an element or circuit is the inverse of its resistance.
quantitykind:ConductionSpeed
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ConductionSpeed
"Conduction Speed" is the speed of impulses in nerve fibers.
quantitykind:ConductiveHeatTransferRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ConductiveHeatTransferRate
"Conductive Heat Transfer Rate" is proportional to temperature gradient and area of contact.
quantitykind:Conductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductivity
"Conductivity" is a scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the electric field strength in a medium is equal to the electric current density. For an isotropic medium the conductivity is a scalar quantity; for an anisotropic medium it is a tensor quantity.
quantitykind:Constringence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Constringence
In optics and lens design, constringence of a transparent material, also known as the Abbe number or the V-number, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion.
quantitykind:ConvectiveHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ConvectiveHeatTransfer
"Convective Heat Transfer" is convective heat transfer coefficient multiplied by temperature difference and exchange area.
quantitykind:CostPerUnitEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CostPerUnitEnergy
quantitykind:CostPerUnitPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CostPerUnitPower
quantitykind:Count
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Count
"Count" is the value of a count of items.
quantitykind:CouplingFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CouplingFactor
"Coupling Factor" is the ratio of an electromagnetic quantity, usually voltage or current, appearing at a specified location of a given circuit to the corresponding quantity at a specified location in the circuit from which energy is transferred by coupling.
quantitykind:CrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CrossSection
"Cross-section" is used to express the likelihood of interaction between particles. For a specified target particle and for a specified reaction or process produced by incident charged or uncharged particles of specified type and energy, it is the mean number of such reactions or processes divided by the incident-particle fluence.
quantitykind:CrossSectionalArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CrossSectionalArea
quantitykind:CubicElectricDipoleMomentPerSquareEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicElectricDipoleMomentPerSquareEnergy
quantitykind:CubicExpansionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient
quantitykind:CurieTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature
"Curie Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
quantitykind:CurrencyPerFlight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrencyPerFlight
quantitykind:CurrentLinkage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage
"Current Linkage" is the net electric current through a surface delimited by a closed loop.
quantitykind:CurrentOfTheAmountOfSubtance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentOfTheAmountOfSubtance
ratio of the amount of substance divided by the related time
quantitykind:Curvature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature
The canonical example of extrinsic curvature is that of a circle, which has curvature equal to the inverse of its radius everywhere. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. The curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. The osculating circle of a sufficiently smooth plane curve at a given point on the curve is the circle whose center lies on the inner normal line and whose curvature is the same as that of the given curve at that point. This circle is tangent to the curve at the given point. The magnitude of curvature at points on physical curves can be measured in \(diopters\) (also spelled \(dioptre\)) — this is the convention in optics.
quantitykind:CurvatureFromRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius
In mathematics "Curvature" is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat, or straight in the case of a line, but this is defined in different ways depending on the context.
quantitykind:CutoffCurrentRating
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CutoffCurrentRating
cut-off current parameter as rating for fuses and switches, derived from the so-called Joule integral
quantitykind:CyclotronAngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency
The "Cyclotron Angular Frequency" describes angular momentum vector precession about the external field axis with an angular frequency.
quantitykind:DELTA-V
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DELTA-V
The change in translational velocity including all losses for a propulsive system or module. Delta-V losses include, but are not limited to, gravity losses and steering losses.
quantitykind:DRY-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DRY-MASS
Mass of a system without the propellants, pressurants, reserve or residual fluids, personnel and personnel provisions, and cargo.
quantitykind:DataRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DataRate
The frequency derived from the period of time required to transmit one bit. This represents the amount of data transferred per second by a communications channel or a computing or storage device. Data rate is measured in units of bits per second (written "b/s" or "bps"), bytes per second (Bps), or baud. When applied to data rate, the multiplier prefixes "kilo-", "mega-", "giga-", etc. (and their abbreviations, "k", "M", "G", etc.) always denote powers of 1000. For example, 64 kbps is 64,000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage which use different prefixes to denote multiplication by powers of 1024, for example 1 kibibit = 1024 bits.
quantitykind:DataTransmissionRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DataTransmissionRate
quantitykind:Debye-WallerFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor
"Debye-Waller Factor" (DWF), named after Peter Debye and Ivar Waller, is used in condensed matter physics to describe the attenuation of x-ray scattering or coherent neutron scattering caused by thermal motion. Also, a factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
quantitykind:DebyeAngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency
"Debye Angular Frequency" is the cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
quantitykind:DebyeAngularWavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber
"Debye Angular Wavenumber" is the cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
quantitykind:DebyeTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature
"Debye Temperature" is the temperature at which the highest-frequency mode (and hence all modes) are excited.
quantitykind:DecayConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant
The "Decay Constant" is the proportionality between the size of a population of radioactive atoms and the rate at which the population decreases because of radioactive decay.
quantitykind:DegreeOfDissociation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation
The "Degree of Dissociation" is the fraction of original solute molecules that have dissociated.
quantitykind:Density
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density
The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is \(\rho\). Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: \(\rho = m/V\), where \(\rho\) is the density, \(m\) is the mass, and \(V\) is the volume. In some cases, density is also defined as its weight per unit volume, although this quantity is more properly called specific weight.
quantitykind:DensityInCombustionChamber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityInCombustionChamber
quantitykind:DensityOfStates
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates
"Density of States" is the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency divided by the range of that interval and by volume.
quantitykind:DensityOfTheExhaustGases
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfTheExhaustGases
quantitykind:Depth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Depth
Depth typically refers to the vertical measure of length from the surface of a liquid.
quantitykind:DewPointTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DewPointTemperature
"Dew Point Temperature" is the temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
quantitykind:Diameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter
In classical geometry, the "Diameter" of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.
quantitykind:DiastolicBloodPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiastolicBloodPressure
The pressure of blood in the arteries which rises to a maximum as blood is pumped out by the left ventricle (systole) and drops to a minimum in diastole. The systolic/diastolic pressure is normally ~120/80 mmHg in a young adult.
quantitykind:DiffusionArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea
"Diffusion Area" in an infinite homogenous medium, is one-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves that class.
quantitykind:DiffusionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficient
The "Diffusion Coefficient" is a proportionality constant between the molar flux due to molecular diffusion and the gradient in the concentration of the species (or the driving force for diffusion). Diffusivity is encountered in Fick's law and numerous other equations of physical chemistry.
quantitykind:DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
The "Diffusion Coefficient for Fluence Rate" is a proportionality constant between the .
quantitykind:DiffusionLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionLength
"Diffusion Length" is the average distance traveled by a particle, or a thermal neutron in a nuclear reactor, from the point at which it is formed to the point at which it is absorbed.
quantitykind:Dimensionless
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless
In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity or quantity of dimension one is a quantity without an associated physical dimension. It is thus a "pure" number, and as such always has a dimension of 1. Dimensionless quantities are widely used in mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, and in everyday life (such as in counting). Numerous well-known quantities, such as \(\pi\), \(\epsilon\), and \(\psi\), are dimensionless. By contrast, non-dimensionless quantities are measured in units of length, area, time, etc. Dimensionless quantities are often defined as products or ratios of quantities that are not dimensionless, but whose dimensions cancel out when their powers are multiplied.
quantitykind:DimensionlessRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio
quantitykind:Displacement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement
"Displacement" is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P.
quantitykind:DisplacementCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent
"Displacement Current" is a quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of electric displacement field. Displacement current has the units of electric current density, and it has an associated magnetic field just as actual currents do. However it is not an electric current of moving charges, but a time-varying electric field. In materials, there is also a contribution from the slight motion of charges bound in atoms, dielectric polarization.
quantitykind:DisplacementCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity
\(\textbf{Displacement Current Density}\) is the time rate of change of the \(\textit{Electric Flux Density}\). This is a measure of how quickly the electric field changes if we observe it as a function of time. This is different than if we look at how the electric field changes spatially, that is, over a region of space for a fixed amount of time.
quantitykind:DisplacementVectorOfIon
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon
"Displacement Vector of Ion" is the .
quantitykind:Dissipance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dissipance
Dissipance, or dissipation factor for sound power, is the ratio of dissipated sound power to incident sound power. The dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system. It is the reciprocal of quality factor, which represents the quality of oscillation.
quantitykind:Distance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance
"Distance" is a numerical description of how far apart objects are.
quantitykind:DistanceTraveledDuringBurn
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DistanceTraveledDuringBurn
quantitykind:DonorDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity
"Donor Density" is the number per volume of donor levels.
quantitykind:DonorIonizationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorIonizationEnergy
"Donor Ionization Energy" is the ionization energy of a donor.
quantitykind:DoseEquivalent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent
"Dose Equivalent} (former), or \textit{Equivalent Absorbed Radiation Dose}, usually shortened to \textit{Equivalent Dose", is a computed average measure of the radiation absorbed by a fixed mass of biological tissue, that attempts to account for the different biological damage potential of different types of ionizing radiation. The equivalent dose to a tissue is found by multiplying the absorbed dose, in gray, by a dimensionless "quality factor" \(Q\), dependent upon radiation type, and by another dimensionless factor \(N\), dependent on all other pertinent factors. N depends upon the part of the body irradiated, the time and volume over which the dose was spread, even the species of the subject.
quantitykind:DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
"Dose Equivalent Quality Factor" is a factor in the caculation and measurement of dose equivalent, by which the absorbed dose is to be weighted in order to account for different biological effectiveness of radiations, for radiation protection purposes.
quantitykind:DoseEquivalentRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentRate
quantitykind:DragCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water.
quantitykind:DragForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragForce
In fluid dynamics, drag refers to forces which act on a solid object in the direction of the relative fluid flow velocity. Unlike other resistive forces such as dry friction, which is nearly independent of velocity, drag forces depend on velocity. Drag forces always decrease fluid velocity relative to the solid object in the fluid's path.
quantitykind:DryVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DryVolume
Dry measures are units of volume used to measure bulk commodities which are not gas or liquid. They are typically used in agriculture, agronomy, and commodity markets to measure grain, dried beans, and dried and fresh fruit; formerly also salt pork and fish. They are also used in fishing for clams, crabs, etc. and formerly for many other substances (for example coal, cement, lime) which were typically shipped and delivered in a standardized container such as a barrel. In the original metric system, the unit of dry volume was the stere, but this is not part of the modern metric system; the liter and the cubic meter (\(m^{3}\)) are now used. However, the stere is still widely used for firewood.
quantitykind:Duv
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Duv
Duv is a metric that is short for Delta u,v (not to be confused with Delta u',v') and describes the distance of a light color point from the black body curve.
quantitykind:DynamicFriction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicFriction
Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together (like a sled on the ground).
quantitykind:DynamicFrictionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicFrictionCoefficient
Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together (like a sled on the ground).
quantitykind:DynamicPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicPressure
Dynamic Pressure (indicated with q, or Q, and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by: \(q = 1/2 * \rho v^{2}\), where (using SI units), \(q\) is dynamic pressure in \(pascals\), \(\rho\) is fluid density in \(kg/m^{3}\) (for example, density of air) and \(v \) is fluid velocity in \(m/s\).
quantitykind:DynamicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity
A measure of the molecular frictional resistance of a fluid as calculated using Newton's law.
quantitykind:EarthClosestApproachVehicleVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EarthClosestApproachVehicleVelocity
quantitykind:EarthquakeMagnitude
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EarthquakeMagnitude
quantitykind:EccentricityOfOrbit
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EccentricityOfOrbit
The orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle. In a two-body problem with inverse-square-law force, every orbit is a Kepler orbit. The eccentricity of this Kepler orbit is a positive number that defines its shape.
quantitykind:EffectiveExhaustVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveExhaustVelocity
The velocity of an exhaust stream after reduction by effects such as friction, non-axially directed flow, and pressure differences between the inside of the rocket and its surroundings. The effective exhaust velocity is one of two factors determining the thrust, or accelerating force, that a rocket can develop, the other factor being the quantity of reaction mass expelled from the rocket in unit time. In most cases, the effective exhaust velocity is close to the actual exhaust velocity.
quantitykind:EffectiveMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass
"Effective Mass" is used in the motional equation for electrons in solid state bodies, depending on the wavenumber and corresponding to its velocity and energy level.
quantitykind:EffectiveMultiplicationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMultiplicationFactor
The "Effective Multiplication Factor" is the multiplication factor for a finite medium.
quantitykind:Efficiency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Efficiency
Efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power.
quantitykind:EinsteinCoefficients
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EinsteinCoefficients
quantitykind:EinsteinTransitionProbability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EinsteinTransitionProbability
Given two atomic states of energy \(E_j\) and \(E_k\). Let \(E_j > E_k\). Assume the atom is bathed in radiation of energy density \(u(w)\). Transitions between these states can take place in three different ways. Spontaneous, induced/stimulated emission, and induced absorption. \(A_jk\) represents the Einstein transition probability for spontaneous emission.
quantitykind:EinsteinTransitionProbabilityForSpontaneousOrInducedEmissionAndAbsorption
nuclear constant for the special transition where the probability of the absorption, spontaneous emission or induced emission of energy depends on the number of existing quantums of light, expressed as energy density in the wave model of light: energy divided by volume and frequency
quantitykind:ElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge
"Electric Charge" is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields. The electric charge on a body may be positive or negative. Two positively charged bodies experience a mutual repulsive force, as do two negatively charged bodies. A positively charged body and a negatively charged body experience an attractive force. Electric charge is carried by discrete particles and can be positive or negative. The sign convention is such that the elementary electric charge \(e\), that is, the charge of the proton, is positive. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
quantitykind:ElectricChargeDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
quantitykind:ElectricChargeLineDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeLineDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are \(C \cdot \), \(m^{-1}\), \(C \cdot m^{-2}\) or \(C \cdot m^{-3}\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargeLinearDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeLinearDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
quantitykind:ElectricChargePerAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargePerAmountOfSubstance
"Electric Charge Per Amount Of Substance" is the charge assocated with a given amount of substance. Un the ISO and SI systems this is \(1 mol\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargePerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargePerArea
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are \(C \cdot m^{-1}\), \(C \cdot m^{-2}\) or \(C \cdot m^{-3}\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargePerMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargePerMass
"Electric Charge Per Mass" is the charge associated with a specific mass of a substance. In the SI and ISO systems this is \(1 kg\).
quantitykind:ElectricChargeSurfaceDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeSurfaceDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively.
quantitykind:ElectricChargeVolumeDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeVolumeDensity
In electromagnetism, charge density is a measure of electric charge per unit volume of space, in one, two or three dimensions. More specifically: the linear, surface, or volume charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume, respectively. The respective SI units are \(C \cdot m^{-1}\), \(C \cdot m^{-2}\) or \(C \cdot m^{-3}\).
quantitykind:ElectricConductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity
"Electric Conductivity} or \textit{Specific Conductance" is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. When an electrical potential difference is placed across a conductor, its movable charges flow, giving rise to an electric current. The conductivity \(\sigma\) is defined as the ratio of the electric current density \(J\) to the electric field \(E\): \(J = \sigma E\). In isotropic materials, conductivity is scalar-valued, however in general, conductivity is a tensor-valued quantity.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent
"Electric Current" is the flow (movement) of electric charge. The amount of electric current through some surface, for example, a section through a copper conductor, is defined as the amount of electric charge flowing through that surface over time. Current is a scalar-valued quantity. Electric current is one of the base quantities in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity
"Electric Current Density" is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section. Electric current density is a vector-valued quantity. Electric current, \(I\), through a surface \(S\) is defined as \(I = \int_S J \cdot e_n dA\), where \(e_ndA\) is the vector surface element.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerAngle
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerUnitLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerUnitLength
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPerUnitTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPerUnitTemperature
"Electric Current per Unit Temperature" is used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature.
quantitykind:ElectricCurrentPhasor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor
"Electric Current Phasor" is a representation of current as a sinusoidal integral quantity using a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square value. A phasor is a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids, where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment
"Electric Dipole Moment" is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of (discrete or continuous) charges. It is a vector-valued quantity. If the system of charges is neutral, that is if the sum of all charges is zero, then the dipole moment of the system is independent of the choice of a reference frame; however in a non-neutral system, such as the dipole moment of a single proton, a dependence on the choice of reference point arises. In such cases it is conventional to choose the reference point to be the center of mass of the system or the center of charge, not some arbitrary origin. This convention ensures that the dipole moment is an intrinsic property of the system. The electric dipole moment of a substance within a domain is the vector sum of electric dipole moments of all electric dipoles included in the domain.
quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment_CubicPerEnergy_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment_CubicPerEnergy_Squared
quantitykind:ElectricDipoleMoment_QuarticPerEnergy_Cubic
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment_QuarticPerEnergy_Cubic
quantitykind:ElectricDisplacement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacement
In a dielectric material the presence of an electric field E causes the bound charges in the material (atomic nuclei and their electrons) to slightly separate, inducing a local electric dipole moment. The Electric Displacement Field, \(D\), is a vector field that accounts for the effects of free charges within such dielectric materials. This describes also the charge density on an extended surface that could be causing the field.
quantitykind:ElectricDisplacementField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField
quantitykind:ElectricField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricField
The space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. This electric field exerts a force on other electrically charged objects. In the idealized case, the force exerted between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Coulomb's Law).
quantitykind:ElectricFieldStrength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength
\(\textbf{Electric Field Strength}\) is the magnitude and direction of an electric field, expressed by the value of \(E\), also referred to as \(\color{indigo} {\textit{electric field intensity}}\) or simply the electric field.
quantitykind:ElectricFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux
"Electric Flux" through an area is defined as the electric field multiplied by the area of the surface projected in a plane perpendicular to the field. Electric Flux is a scalar-valued quantity.
quantitykind:ElectricFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFluxDensity
\(\textbf{Electric Flux Density}\), also referred to as \(\textit{Electric Displacement}\), is related to electric charge density by the following equation: \(\text{div} \; D = \rho\), where \(\text{div}\) denotes the divergence.
quantitykind:ElectricPolarizability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarizability
"Electric Polarizability" is the relative tendency of a charge distribution, like the electron cloud of an atom or molecule, to be distorted from its normal shape by an external electric field, which is applied typically by inserting the molecule in a charged parallel-plate capacitor, but may also be caused by the presence of a nearby ion or dipole.
quantitykind:ElectricPolarization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization
"Electric Polarization" is the relative shift of positive and negative electric charge in opposite directions within an insulator, or dielectric, induced by an external electric field. Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. This slight separation of charge makes one side of the atom somewhat positive and the opposite side somewhat negative. In some materials whose molecules are permanently polarized by chemical forces, such as water molecules, some of the polarization is caused by molecules rotating into the same alignment under the influence of the electric field. One of the measures of polarization is electric dipole moment, which equals the distance between the slightly shifted centres of positive and negative charge multiplied by the amount of one of the charges. Polarization P in its quantitative meaning is the amount of dipole moment p per unit volume V of a polarized material, P = p/V.
quantitykind:ElectricPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential
The Electric Potential is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field. The electric potential \(\phi(x)\) at a point, \(x\), is formally defined as the line integral of the electric field taken along a path from x to the point at infinity. If the electric field is static, that is time independent, then the choice of the path is arbitrary; however if the electric field is time dependent, taking the integral a different paths will produce different results.
quantitykind:ElectricPotentialDifference
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotentialDifference
"Electric Potential Difference" is a scalar valued quantity associated with an electric field.
quantitykind:ElectricPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPower
"Electric Power" is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. In the simple case of direct current circuits, electric power can be calculated as the product of the potential difference in the circuit (V) and the amount of current flowing in the circuit (I): \(P = VI\), where \(P\) is the power, \(V\) is the potential difference, and \(I\) is the current. However, in general electric power is calculated by taking the integral of the vector cross-product of the electrical and magnetic fields over a specified area.
quantitykind:ElectricPropulsionPropellantMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPropulsionPropellantMass
quantitykind:ElectricQuadrupoleMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricQuadrupoleMoment
The Electric Quadrupole Moment is a quantity which describes the effective shape of the ellipsoid of nuclear charge distribution. A non-zero quadrupole moment Q indicates that the charge distribution is not spherically symmetric. By convention, the value of Q is taken to be positive if the ellipsoid is prolate and negative if it is oblate. In general, the electric quadrupole moment is tensor-valued.
quantitykind:ElectricSusceptibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility
"Electric Susceptibility" is the ratio of electric polarization to electric field strength, normalized to the electric constant. The definition applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium, electric susceptibility is a second order tensor.
quantitykind:ElectricalConductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricalConductance
measure of the capability of a material to conduct electric current, the value of which is defined as the reciprocal of the electrical resistance
quantitykind:ElectricalPowerToMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricalPowerToMassRatio
quantitykind:ElectricalResistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricalResistance
unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Eigenschaft von Stoffen, den elektrischen Strom in seiner Bewegung zu hemmen, wenn die freien Ladungsträger in diesen Stoffen durch elektrische Felder und/oder elektrische Potentiale in Bewegung gesetzt werden
quantitykind:ElectrolyticConductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity
"Electrolytic Conductivity" of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity.
quantitykind:ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
\(\textbf{Electromagnetic Energy Density}\), also known as the \(\color{indigo} {\textit{Volumic Electromagnetic Energy}}\), is the energy associated with an electromagnetic field, per unit volume of the field.
quantitykind:ElectromagneticPermeability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability
"Permeability} is the degree of magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied magnetic field. In general permeability is a tensor-valued quantity. The definition given applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium permeability is a second order tensor. In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself. In other words, it is the degree of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field. Magnetic permeability is typically represented by the Greek letter \(\mu\). The term was coined in September, 1885 by Oliver Heaviside. The reciprocal of magnetic permeability is \textit{Magnetic Reluctivity".
quantitykind:ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
The ratio of the electromagnetic permeability of a specific medium to the electromagnetic permeability of free space.
quantitykind:ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
"Electromagnetic Wave Phase Speed" is the ratio of angular velocity and wavenumber.
quantitykind:ElectromotiveForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromotiveForce
In physics, electromotive force, or most commonly \(emf\) (seldom capitalized), or (occasionally) electromotance is that which tends to cause current (actual electrons and ions) to flow. More formally, \(emf\) is the external work expended per unit of charge to produce an electric potential difference across two open-circuited terminals. "Electromotive Force" is deprecated in the ISO System of Quantities.
quantitykind:ElectronAffinity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity
"Electron Affinity" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor. The the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ion.
quantitykind:ElectronDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity
"Electron Density" is the number of electrons per volume in conduction bands. It is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at a specific location.
quantitykind:ElectronMeanFreePath
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath
"Electron Mean Free Path" is the mean free path of electrons.
quantitykind:ElectronMobility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMobility
quantitykind:ElectronRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronRadius
"Electron Radius", also known as the Lorentz radius or the Thomson scattering length, is based on a classical (i.e., non-quantum) relativistic model of the electron.
quantitykind:EllipticalOrbitApogeeVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EllipticalOrbitApogeeVelocity
Velocity at apogee for an elliptical orbit velocity
quantitykind:EllipticalOrbitPerigeeVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EllipticalOrbitPerigeeVelocity
Velocity at apogee for an elliptical orbit velocity.
quantitykind:Emissivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Emissivity
Emissivity of a material (usually written \(\varepsilon\) or e) is the relative ability of its surface to emit energy by radiation.
quantitykind:Energy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy
Energy is the quantity characterizing the ability of a system to do work.
quantitykind:EnergyContent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyContent
saved quantity of energy which can be used physically or chemically
quantitykind:EnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensity
Energy density is defined as energy per unit volume. The SI unit for energy density is the joule per cubic meter.
quantitykind:EnergyDensityOfStates
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates
"Energy Density of States" refers to electrons or other entities, e.g. phonons. It can, for example, refer to amount of substance instead of volume.
quantitykind:EnergyExpenditure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyExpenditure
Energy expenditure is dependent on a person's sex, metabolic rate, body-mass composition, the thermic effects of food, and activity level. The approximate energy expenditure of a man lying in bed is \(1.0\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram\). For slow walking (just over two miles per hour), \(3.0\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram\). For fast steady running (about 10 miles per hour), \(16.3\,kilo\,calorie\,per\,hour\,per\,kilogram\). Females expend about 10 per cent less energy than males of the same size doing a comparable activity. For people weighing the same, individuals with a high percentage of body fat usually expend less energy than lean people, because fat is not as metabolically active as muscle.
quantitykind:EnergyFluence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence
"Energy Fluence" can be used to describe the energy delivered per unit area
quantitykind:EnergyFluenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate
"Energy Fluence Rate" can be used to describe the energy fluence delivered per unit time.
quantitykind:EnergyImparted
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted
The "Energy Imparted", is a physical quantity associated with the energy delivered to a particular volume of matter by all the directly and indirectly ionizing particles (i.e. charged and uncharged) entering that volume.
quantitykind:EnergyInternal
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyInternal
The internal energy is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system. It is the energy needed to create the system, but excludes the energy to displace the system's surroundings, any energy associated with a move as a whole, or due to external force fields. Internal energy has two major components, kinetic energy and potential energy. The internal energy (U) is the sum of all forms of energy (Ei) intrinsic to a thermodynamic system: \( U = \sum_i E_i \)
quantitykind:EnergyKinetic
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyKinetic
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.
quantitykind:EnergyLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyLevel
"Energy Level" is the ionization energy for an electron at the Fermi energy in the interior of a substance.
quantitykind:EnergyPerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerArea
Energy per unit area is a measure of the energy either impinging upon or generated from a given unit of area. This can be a measure of the "toughness" of a material, being the amount of energy that needs to be applied per unit area of a crack to cause it to fracture. This is a constant for a given material..
quantitykind:EnergyPerAreaElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerAreaElectricCharge
"Energy Per Area Electric Charge" is the amount of electric energy associated with a unit of area.
quantitykind:EnergyPerElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerElectricCharge
Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point. Voltage is a scalar quantity. The SI unit of voltage is the volt, such that \(1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb\).
quantitykind:EnergyPerMagneticFluxDensity_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerMagneticFluxDensity_Squared
"Energy Per Square Magnetic Flux Density" is a measure of energy for a unit of magnetic flux density.
quantitykind:EnergyPerMassAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerMassAmountOfSubstance
quantitykind:EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity
"Energy Per Square Magnetic Flux Density" is a measure of energy for a unit of magnetic flux density.
quantitykind:EnergyPerTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyPerTemperature
quantitykind:Enthalpy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy
In thermodynamics, \(\textit{enthalpy}\) is the sum of the internal energy \(U\) and the product of pressure \(p\) and volume \(V\) of a system. The characteristic function (also known as thermodynamic potential) \(\textit{enthalpy}\) used to be called \(\textit{heat content}\), which is why it is conventionally indicated by \(H\). The specific enthalpy of a working mass is a property of that mass used in thermodynamics, defined as \(h=u+p \cdot v\), where \(u\) is the specific internal energy, \(p\) is the pressure, and \(v\) is specific volume. In other words, \(h = H / m\) where \(m\) is the mass of the system. The SI unit for \(\textit{Specific Enthalpy}\) is \(\textit{joules per kilogram}\)
quantitykind:Entropy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy
When a small amount of heat \(dQ\) is received by a system whose thermodynamic temperature is \(T\), the entropy of the system increases by \(dQ/T\), provided that no irreversible change takes place in the system.
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstantBasedOnConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstantBasedOnConcentration
Kc = ΠB(cB)νB für Lösungen
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstantBasedOnPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstantBasedOnPressure
Kp = ΠB(pB)νB für Gase
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstantOnConcentrationBasis
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstantOnConcentrationBasis
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
The unit is unit:MOL-PER-M3 raised to the N where N is the summation of stoichiometric numbers. I don't know what to do with this.
quantitykind:EquilibriumConstantOnPressureBasis
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstantOnPressureBasis
The "Equlilbrium Constant", also known as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, is an expression that gives us a ratio of the products and reactants of a reaction at equilibrium with respect to a specific unit.
quantitykind:EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon
"Equilibrium Position Vector of Ion" is the position vector of a particle in equilibrium.
quantitykind:EquivalenceDoseOutput
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquivalenceDoseOutput
ratio of equivalence dose within an appropriately small interval to this interval, calculated as the differential quotient: q • D = q • ∂D/∂t as a measure of the current radiation exposure
quantitykind:EquivalentAbsorptionArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquivalentAbsorptionArea
In a diffuse sound field, the Equivalent Absorption Area is that area of a surface having an absorption factor equal to 1, which, if diffraction effects are neglected, would, in the same diffuse sound field, absorb the same power.
quantitykind:EvaporativeHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EvaporativeHeatTransfer
"Evaporative Heat Transfer" is
quantitykind:EvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EvaporativeHeatTransferCoefficient
"Evaporative Heat Transfer Coefficient" is the areic heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the water vapor pressure difference between skind and the environment, and by the exchange area.
quantitykind:ExchangeIntegral
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral
"Exchange Integral" is the constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions.
quantitykind:ExhaustGasMeanMolecularWeight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExhaustGasMeanMolecularWeight
quantitykind:ExhaustGasesSpecificHeat
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExhaustGasesSpecificHeat
Specific heat of exhaust gases at constant pressure.
quantitykind:ExhaustStreamPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExhaustStreamPower
quantitykind:ExitPlaneCrossSectionalArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExitPlaneCrossSectionalArea
Cross-sectional area at exit plane of nozzle
quantitykind:ExitPlanePressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExitPlanePressure
quantitykind:ExitPlaneTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExitPlaneTemperature
quantitykind:Exposure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure
"Exposure" reflects the extent of ionization events taking place when air is irradiated by ionizing photons (gamma radiation and/or x rays). In photography, exposure is the amount of light allowed to fall on each area unit of a photographic medium (photographic film or image sensor) during the process of taking a photograph. Exposure is measured in lux seconds, and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.
quantitykind:ExposureOfIonizingRadiation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureOfIonizingRadiation
measure of an electromagnetic radiation field to which a material is exposed in terms of ionization, which the radiation produces as reference material air, expressed as ratio of ∂Q and ∂m, where ∂Q is the absolute value of the total charge of the ions of one sign produced in the air of mass ∂m when all of the electrons (and positrons) liberated by photons in this mass element are completely stopped
quantitykind:ExposureRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate
"Exposure Rate" expresses the rate of charge production per unit mass of air and is commonly expressed in roentgens per hour (R/h) or milliroentgens per hour (mR/h).
quantitykind:ExposureRateOfIonizingRadiation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRateOfIonizingRadiation
ratio between the exposure of ionizing radiation dJ in a time interval and the duration dt of this interval
quantitykind:ExtentOfReaction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction
In physical chemistry, the "Extent of Reaction" is a quantity that measures the extent in which the reaction proceeds.
quantitykind:FLIGHT-PERFORMANCE-RESERVE-PROPELLANT-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FLIGHT-PERFORMANCE-RESERVE-PROPELLANT-MASS
A quantity of propellant, at a nominal mixture ratio, along with fuel bias that is set aside from total propellant loaded to cover for statistical variations of flight hardware characteristics and environment conditions on the day of launch. The launch vehicle is designed to accommodate the maximum FPR loading.
quantitykind:FUEL-BIAS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FUEL-BIAS
An additional quantity of fuel to ensure depletion of high-weight oxidizer before fuel for systems with high-oxidizer mixing ratios (e.g., 6:1). This practice allows for more efficient propellant utilization. Denoted as a percentage.
quantitykind:FahrenheitTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FahrenheitTemperature
quantity whose zero point is defined by the temperature of a mixture of ice, water and ammonium chloride (-17.8 °C) and its fixed points on the Fahrenheit scale are 32 °F (melting point of ice) and 212 °F (boiling point of water)
quantitykind:FailureRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FailureRate
limiting value - if it exists - of the ratio between the conditional probability that the fault time t of a resource will fall within a defined interval (t, t + Δt), and the duration of this interval if Δt approaches zero and the unit is in an operational state at the beginning of the interval
quantitykind:FastFissionFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor
"Fast Fission Factor" in an infinite medium, is the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
quantitykind:FermiAngularWavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber
quantitykind:FermiEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy
"Fermi Energy" in a metal is the highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature.
quantitykind:FermiTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature
"Fermi Temperature" is the temperature associated with the Fermi energy.
quantitykind:FinalOrCurrentVehicleMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FinalOrCurrentVehicleMass
quantitykind:FirstMomentOfArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FirstMomentOfArea
The first moment of area is the summation of area times distance to an axis. It is a measure of the distribution of the area of a shape in relationship to an axis.
quantitykind:FirstStageMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FirstStageMassRatio
Mass ratio for the first stage of a multistage launcher.
quantitykind:FishBiotransformationHalfLife
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FishBiotransformationHalfLife
A time that quantifies how long its takes to transform 50% of a substance's total concentration from any concentration point in time in fish via whole body metabolic reactions.
quantitykind:FissionCoreRadiusToHeightRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FissionCoreRadiusToHeightRatio
quantitykind:FissionFuelUtilizationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FissionFuelUtilizationFactor
quantitykind:FissionMultiplicationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FissionMultiplicationFactor
The number of fission neutrons produced per absorption in the fuel.
quantitykind:FlashPoint
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FlashPoint
A temperature that is the lowest one at which the vapors of a volatile material will ignite if exposed to an ignition source. It is frequently used to characterize fire hazards and distinguish different flammable fuels.
quantitykind:FlightPathAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FlightPathAngle
Flight path angle is defined in two different ways. To the aerodynamicist, it is the angle between the flight path vector (where the airplane is going) and the local atmosphere. To the flight crew, it is normally known as the angle between the flight path vector and the horizon, also known as the climb (or descent) angle.
quantitykind:FloatingPointCalculationCapability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FloatingPointCalculationCapability
quantitykind:Fluidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fluidity
fluidity of a material as complement of the dynamic viscosity
quantitykind:Flux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Flux
Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance. [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:Force
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force
"Force" is an influence that causes mass to accelerate. It may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. Force is defined by Newton's Second Law as \(F = m \times a \), where \(F\) is force, \(m\) is mass and \(a\) is acceleration. Net force is mathematically equal to the time rate of change of the momentum of the body on which it acts. Since momentum is a vector quantity (has both a magnitude and direction), force also is a vector quantity.
quantitykind:ForceMagnitude
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForceMagnitude
The 'magnitude' of a force is its 'size' or 'strength', regardless of the direction in which it acts.
quantitykind:ForcePerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForcePerArea
The force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)
quantitykind:ForcePerAreaTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForcePerAreaTime
quantitykind:ForcePerElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ForcePerElectricCharge
The electric field depicts the force exerted on other electrically charged objects by the electrically charged particle the field is surrounding. The electric field is a vector field with SI units of newtons per coulomb (\(N C^{-1}\)) or, equivalently, volts per metre (\(V m^{-1}\) ). The SI base units of the electric field are \(kg m s^{-3} A^{-1}\). The strength or magnitude of the field at a given point is defined as the force that would be exerted on a positive test charge of 1 coulomb placed at that point
quantitykind:Frequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency
"Frequency" is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. The repetition of the events may be periodic (that is. the length of time between event repetitions is fixed) or aperiodic (i.e. the length of time between event repetitions varies). Therefore, we distinguish between periodic and aperiodic frequencies. In the SI system, periodic frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) or multiples of hertz, while aperiodic frequency is measured in becquerel (Bq). In spectroscopy, \(\nu\) is mostly used. Light passing through different media keeps its frequency, but not its wavelength or wavenumber.
quantitykind:Friction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Friction
"Friction" is the force of two surfaces In contact, or the force of a medium acting on a moving object (that is air on an aircraft). When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.
quantitykind:FrictionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FrictionCoefficient
"Friction Coefficient" is the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together
quantitykind:Fugacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity
"Fugacity" of a real gas is an effective pressure which replaces the true mechanical pressure in accurate chemical equilibrium calculations. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same chemical potential as the real gas.
quantitykind:FundamentalLatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector
"Fundamental Lattice vector" are fundamental translation vectors for the crystal lattice.
quantitykind:FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
"Fundamental Reciprocal Lattice Vector" are fundamental, or primary, translation vectors the reciprocal lattice.
quantitykind:GFactorOfNucleus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus
The "g-Factor of Nucleus" is associated with the spin and magnetic moments of protons, neutrons, and many nuclei.
quantitykind:GROSS-LIFT-OFF-WEIGHT
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GROSS-LIFT-OFF-WEIGHT
The sum of a rocket's inert mass and usable fluids and gases at sea level.
quantitykind:Gain
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Gain
A general term used to denote an increase in signal power or signal strength in transmission from one point to another. Gain is usually expressed in decibels and is widely used to denote transducer gain. An increase or amplification. In radar there are two general usages of the term: (a) antenna gain, or gain factor, is the ratio of the power transmitted along the beam axis to that of an isotropic radiator transmitting the same total power; (b) receiver gain, or video gain, is the amplification given a signal by the receiver.
quantitykind:GapEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GapEnergy
"Gap Energy" is the difference in energy between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band. It is an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist.
quantitykind:GasLeakRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GasLeakRate
ratio of the pV value of a gas (product of pressure and volume of a given quantity of gas at the respective temperature) flowing through a pipe cross-section during a time interval and the related interval
quantitykind:GeneFamilyAbundance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneFamilyAbundance
The abundance of each gene family in the community. Gene families are groups of evolutionarily-related protein-coding sequences that often perform similar functions. Gene family abundance is reported in RPK (reads per kilobase) units to normalize for gene length.
quantitykind:GeneralizedCoordinate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedCoordinate
Generalized Coordinates refers to the parameters that describe the configuration of the system relative to some reference configuration. These parameters must uniquely define the configuration of the system relative to the reference configuration.
quantitykind:GeneralizedForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedForce
Generalized Forces find use in Lagrangian mechanics, where they play a role conjugate to generalized coordinates.
quantitykind:GeneralizedMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedMomentum
Generalized Momentum, also known as the canonical or conjugate momentum, extends the concepts of both linear momentum and angular momentum. To distinguish it from generalized momentum, the product of mass and velocity is also referred to as mechanical, kinetic or kinematic momentum.
quantitykind:GeneralizedVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GeneralizedVelocity
Generalized Velocities are the time derivatives of the generalized coordinates of the system.
quantitykind:GibbsEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GibbsEnergy
"Gibbs Energy} is one of the potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state. The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure. \textit{Internal Energy} is the internal energy of the system, \textit{Enthalpy} is the internal energy of the system plus the energy related to pressure-volume work, and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively. The name \textit{Gibbs Free Energy" is also used.
quantitykind:GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction
An "Grand Canonical Partition Function" for a grand canonical ensemble, a system that can exchange both heat and particles with the environment, which has a constant temperature and a chemical potential.
quantitykind:GravitationalAttraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GravitationalAttraction
The force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; the more remote the body the less the gravity; the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
quantitykind:Gravity_API
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Gravity_API
The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water: if its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquid's density relative to that of water (also known as specific gravity). It is used to compare densities of petroleum liquids. For example, if one petroleum liquid is less dense than another, it has a greater API gravity. Although API gravity is mathematically a dimensionless quantity (see the formula below), it is referred to as being in 'degrees'. API gravity is graduated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument. API gravity values of most petroleum liquids fall between 10 and 70 degrees.
quantitykind:GroupSpeedOfSound
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GroupSpeedOfSound
In a dispersive medium sound speed is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. The spatial and temporal distribution of a propagating disturbance will continually change. The group speed of sound describes the propagation of the disturbance.
quantitykind:GruneisenParameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GruneisenParameter
"Gruneisen Parameter" named after Eduard Grüneisen, describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
quantitykind:GustatoryThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GustatoryThreshold
"Gustatory Threshold" are thresholds for classes of taste that can be detected by the human mouth and thresholds of sensitivity to foods, drinks and other substances.
quantitykind:GyromagneticRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio
"Gyromagnetic Ratio}, also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio in other disciplines, of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic dipole moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol, \(\gamma\). Its SI units are radian per second per tesla (\(rad s^{-1} \cdot T^{1}\)) or, equivalently, coulomb per kilogram (\(C \cdot kg^{-1"\)).
quantitykind:Half-Life
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life
The "Half-Life" is the average duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
quantitykind:Half-ValueThickness
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness
The "Half-Value Thickness" is the thickness of the material at which the intensity of radiation entering it is reduced by one half.
quantitykind:HallCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient
"Hall Coefficient" is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field.
quantitykind:HamiltonFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HamiltonFunction
The Hamilton–Jacobi equation (HJE) is a necessary condition describing extremal geometry in generalizations of problems from the calculus of variations.
quantitykind:HeadEndPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeadEndPressure
quantitykind:HeartRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeartRate
The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually per minute. The heart rate is based on the number of contractions of the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart). The heart rate may be too fast (tachycardia) or too slow (bradycardia). The average adult pulse rate at rest is 60–80 per minute, but exercise, injury, illness, and emotion may produce much faster rates.
quantitykind:Heat
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat
"Heat" is the energy transferred by a thermal process. Heat can be measured in terms of the dynamical units of energy, as the erg, joule, etc., or in terms of the amount of energy required to produce a definite thermal change in some substance, as, for example, the energy required per degree to raise the temperature of a unit mass of water at some temperature ( calorie, Btu).
quantitykind:HeatCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity
"Heat Capacity" (usually denoted by a capital \(C\), often with subscripts), or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount. In the International System of Units (SI), heat capacity is expressed in units of joule(s) (J) per kelvin (K).
quantitykind:HeatCapacityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio
The heat capacity ratio, or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (\(C_P\)) to heat capacity at constant volume (\(C_V\)). For an ideal gas, the heat capacity is constant with temperature (\(\theta\)). Accordingly we can express the enthalpy as \(H = C_P*\theta\) and the internal energy as \(U = C_V \cdot \theta\). Thus, it can also be said that the heat capacity ratio is the ratio between enthalpy and internal energy.
quantitykind:HeatFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate
The rate of heat flow between two systems is measured in watts (joules per second). The formula for rate of heat flow is \(\bigtriangleup Q / \bigtriangleup t = -K \times A \times \bigtriangleup T/x\), where \(\bigtriangleup Q / \bigtriangleup t\) is the rate of heat flow; \(-K\) is the thermal conductivity factor; A is the surface area; \(\bigtriangleup T\) is the change in temperature and \(x\) is the thickness of the material. \(\bigtriangleup T/ x\) is called the temperature gradient and is always negative because of the heat of flow always goes from more thermal energy to less).
quantitykind:HeatFlowRatePerUnitArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRatePerUnitArea
\(\textit{Heat Flux}\) is the heat rate per unit area. In SI units, heat flux is measured in \(W/m^2\). Heat rate is a scalar quantity, while heat flux is a vectorial quantity. To define the heat flux at a certain point in space, one takes the limiting case where the size of the surface becomes infinitesimally small.
quantitykind:HeatFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFluxDensity
quantitykind:HeatingValue
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatingValue
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it.
quantitykind:Height
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height
"Height" is the measurement of vertical distance, but has two meanings in common use. It can either indicate how "tall" something is, or how "high up" it is.
quantitykind:HelmholtzEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HelmholtzEnergy
\(\textit{Helmholtz Energy}\) is one of the potentials are used to measure energy changes in systems as they evolve from an initial state to a final state. The potential used depends on the constraints of the system, such as constant temperature or pressure. \(\textit{Internal Energy}\) is the internal energy of the system, \(\textit{Enthalpy}\) is the internal energy of the system plus the energy related to pressure-volume work, and Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy are the energies available in a system to do useful work when the temperature and volume or the pressure and temperature are fixed, respectively. The name \(\textit{Helmholz Free Energy}\) is also used.
quantitykind:HenrysLawVolatilityConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HenrysLawVolatilityConstant
A quantity kind that is a proportionality constant that relates the partial pressure of a gas above a liquid and the concentration of the gas dissolved in the liquid. The numerator contains the gaseous concentration and the denominator contains the liquid concentration.
quantitykind:HoleDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity
"Hole Density" is the number of holes per volume in a valence band.
quantitykind:HorizontalVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HorizontalVelocity
Component of a projectile's velocity, which acts parallel to the ground and does not lift the projectile in the air.
quantitykind:HydraulicPermeability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HydraulicPermeability
Permeability is a property of porous materials that is an indication of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through them. Fluids can more easily flow through a material with high permeability than one with low permeability. The permeability of a medium is related to the porosity, but also to the shapes of the pores in the medium and their level of connectedness.
quantitykind:HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
The "Hyperfine Structure Quantum Number" is a quantum number of an atom describing inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.
quantitykind:INERT-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/INERT-MASS
The sum of the vehicle dry mass, residual fluids and gasses, personnel and personnel provisions, and cargo.
quantitykind:IgnitionIntervalTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IgnitionIntervalTime
quantitykind:Illuminance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance
Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the incident light, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception.
quantitykind:Impedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance
"Impedance" is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to the passage of a current when a voltage is applied. In quantitative terms, it is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current in an alternating current (AC) circuit. Impedance extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits, and possesses both magnitude and phase, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. When a circuit is driven with direct current (DC), there is no distinction between impedance and resistance; the latter can be thought of as impedance with zero phase angle.
quantitykind:Impulse
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impulse
product of force and time
quantitykind:Incidence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Incidence
In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of the probability of occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.
quantitykind:IncidenceProportion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IncidenceProportion
Incidence proportion (also known as cumulative incidence) is the number of new cases within a specified time period divided by the size of the population initially at risk. For example, if a population initially contains 1,000 non-diseased persons and 28 develop a condition over two years of observation, the incidence proportion is 28 cases per 1,000 persons per two years, i.e. 2.8% per two years.
quantitykind:IncidenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IncidenceRate
The incidence rate is a measure of the frequency with which a disease or other incident occurs over a specified time period. It is also known as the incidence density rate or person-time incidence rate, when the denominator is the combined person-time of the population at risk (the sum of the time duration of exposure across all persons exposed)
quantitykind:Inductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance
"Inductance" is an electromagentic quantity that characterizes a circuit's resistance to any change of electric current; a change in the electric current through induces an opposing electromotive force (EMF). Quantitatively, inductance is proportional to the magnetic flux per unit of electric current.
quantitykind:InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
The "Infinite Multiplication Factor" is the multiplication factor for an infinite medium or for an infinite repeating lattice.
quantitykind:InformationContent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InformationContent
quantitykind:InformationContentExpressedAsALogarithmToBase10
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InformationContentExpressedAsALogarithmToBase10
I(xi) as the information content I(xi) of a result xi (e.g. the occurrence of a character xi) is the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the probability p(xi) of its occurrence, i.e.: l(x) lg 1/p(x) Hart, where p(x) is the probability of the event x
quantitykind:InformationContentExpressedAsALogarithmToBase2
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InformationContentExpressedAsALogarithmToBase2
I(xi) as the information content I(xi) of a result xi (e.g. the occurrence of a character xi) is the binary logarithm of the reciprocal of the probability p(xi) of its occurrence, i.e.: l(x) lb 1/p(x) Sh, where p(x) is the probability of the event x
quantitykind:InformationContentExpressedAsALogarithmToBaseE
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InformationContentExpressedAsALogarithmToBaseE
I(xi) as the information content I(xi) of a result xi (e.g. the occurrence of a character xi) is the natural logarithm of the reciprocal of the probability p(xi) of its occurrence, i.e.: l(x) ln 1/p(x) nat, where p(x) is the probability of the event x
quantitykind:InformationEntropy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InformationEntropy
Information Entropy is a concept from information theory. It tells how much information there is in an event. In general, the more uncertain or random the event is, the more information it will contain. The concept of information entropy was created by a mathematician. He was named Claude Elwood Shannon. It has applications in many areas, including lossless data compression, statistical inference, cryptography and recently in other disciplines as biology, physics or machine learning.
quantitykind:InformationFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InformationFlowRate
quantitykind:InitialExpansionRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InitialExpansionRatio
quantitykind:InitialNozzleThroatDiameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InitialNozzleThroatDiameter
quantitykind:InitialVehicleMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InitialVehicleMass
quantitykind:InitialVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InitialVelocity
The velocity of a moving body at starting; especially, the velocity of a projectile as it leaves the mouth of a firearm from which it is discharged.
quantitykind:InstantaneousPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InstantaneousPower
"Instantaneous Power}, for a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit with terminals A and B, is the product of the voltage \(u_{AB}\) between the terminals and the electric current i in the element or circuit: \(p = \)u_{AB} \cdot i\(, where \)u_{AB" is the line integral of the electric field strength from A to B, and where the electric current in the element or circuit is taken positive if its direction is from A to B and negative in the opposite case. For an n-terminal circuit, it is the sum of the instantaneous powers relative to the n - 1 pairs of terminals when one of the terminals is chosen as a common terminal for the pairs. For a polyphase element, it is the sum of the instantaneous powers in all phase elements of a polyphase element. For a polyphase line consisting of m line conductors and one neutral conductor, it is the sum of the m instantaneous powers expressed for each line conductor by the product of the polyphase line-to-neutral voltage and the corresponding line current.
quantitykind:InternalConversionFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor
The "InternalConversionFactor" describes the rate of internal conversion. It is the ratio of the number of internal conversion electrons to the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition.
quantitykind:InternalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy
"Internal Energy" is simply its energy. "internal" refers to the fact that some energy contributions are not considered. For instance, when the total system is in uniform motion, it has kinetic energy. This overall kinetic energy is never seen as part of the internal energy; one could call it external energy. Or, if the system is at constant non-zero height above the surface the Earth, it has constant potential energy in the gravitational field of the Earth. Gravitational energy is only taken into account when it plays a role in the phenomenon of interest, for instance in a colloidal suspension, where the gravitation influences the up- downward motion of the small particles comprising the colloid. In all other cases, gravitational energy is assumed not to contribute to the internal energy; one may call it again external energy.
quantitykind:IntinsicCarrierDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity
"Intinsic Carrier Density" is proportional to electron and hole densities.
quantitykind:InverseAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseAmountOfSubstance
quantitykind:InverseEnergy_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseEnergy_Squared
quantitykind:InverseLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength
Reciprocal length or inverse length is a measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics. As the reciprocal of length, common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal metre or inverse metre (\(m^{-1}\)), the reciprocal centimetre or inverse centimetre (\(cm^{-1}\)), and, in optics, the dioptre.
quantitykind:InverseLengthTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLengthTemperature
quantitykind:InverseMagneticFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseMagneticFlux
quantitykind:InverseMass_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseMass_Squared
quantitykind:InversePermittivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InversePermittivity
quantitykind:InversePressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InversePressure
quantitykind:InverseSquareEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseSquareEnergy
quantitykind:InverseSquareMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseSquareMass
quantitykind:InverseSquareTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseSquareTime
quantitykind:InverseTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTemperature
quantitykind:InverseTimeTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTimeTemperature
quantitykind:InverseTime_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime_Squared
quantitykind:IonConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonConcentration
"Ion Concentration" is the number of ions per unit volume. Also known as ion density.
quantitykind:IonCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonCurrent
An ion current is the influx and/or efflux of ions through an ion channel.
quantitykind:IonDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonDensity
"Ion Density" is the number of ions per unit volume. Also known as ion concentration.
quantitykind:IonTransportNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber
The "Ion Transport Number" is a quantity which indicates the different contribution of ions to the electric current in electrolytes due to different electrical mobility.
quantitykind:IonicCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicCharge
The total charge of an ion. The charge of an electron; the charge of any ion is equal to this electron charge in magnitude, or is an integral multiple of it.
quantitykind:IonicStrength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength
The "Ionic Strength" of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution.
quantitykind:IonizationEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy
"Ionization Energy" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at a certain energy level. The amount of energy required to remove an electron from that atom or molecule in the gas phase.
quantitykind:Irradiance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Irradiance
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
quantitykind:IsentropicCompressibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility
Isentropic compressibility is the extent to which a material reduces its volume when it is subjected to compressive stresses at a constant value of entropy.
quantitykind:IsentropicExponent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent
Isentropic exponent is a variant of "Specific Heat Ratio Capacities}. For an ideal gas \textit{Isentropic Exponent"\(, \varkappa\). is equal to \(\gamma\), the ratio of its specific heat capacities \(c_p\) and \(c_v\) under steady pressure and volume.
quantitykind:IsothermalCompressibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility
The isothermal compressibility defines the rate of change of system volume with pressure.
quantitykind:IsothermalMoistureCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalMoistureCapacity
"Isothermal Moisture Capacity" is the capacity of a material to absorb moisture in the Effective Moisture Penetration Depth (EMPD) model.
quantitykind:Kerma
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma
"Kerma" is the sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation (i.e., indirectly ionizing radiation such as photons and neutrons) in a sample of matter, divided by the mass of the sample.
quantitykind:KermaRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate
"Kerma Rate" is the kerma per unit time.
quantitykind:KinematicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity
The ratio of the viscosity of a liquid to its density. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. In many situations, we are concerned with the ratio of the inertial force to the viscous force (that is the Reynolds number), the former characterized by the fluid density \(\rho\). This ratio is characterized by the kinematic viscosity (Greek letter \(\nu\)), defined as follows: \(\nu = \mu / \rho\). The SI unit of \(\nu\) is \(m^{2}/s\). The SI unit of \(\nu\) is \(kg/m^{1}\).
quantitykind:KinematicViscosityOrDiffusionConstantOrThermalDiffusivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosityOrDiffusionConstantOrThermalDiffusivity
ratio of the dynamic viscosity and the density of a material measured at the same temperature, or ratio of the diffusion current density and carrier density gradient, or ratio of thermal conductivity divided by heat capacity
quantitykind:KineticEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy
\(\textit{Kinetic Energy}\) is the energy which a body possesses as a consequence of its motion, defined as one-half the product of its mass \(m\) and the square of its speed \(v\), \( \frac{1}{2} mv^{2} \). The kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid parcel is the \( \frac{1}{2} p v^{2}\) , where \(p\) is the density and \(v\) the speed of the parcel. See potential energy. For relativistic speeds the kinetic energy is given by \(E_k = mc^2 - m_0 c^2\), where \(c\) is the velocity of light in a vacuum, \(m_0\) is the rest mass, and \(m\) is the moving mass.
quantitykind:KineticOrThermalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticOrThermalEnergy
energy presented in the movement of a body, composed of translation and rotation energies, determined by the movement of this body compared to another system and by its mass (mass distribution) or energy in the terms of heat
quantitykind:LagrangeFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LagrangeFunction
The Lagrange Function is a function that summarizes the dynamics of the system.
quantitykind:Landau-GinzburgNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Landau-GinzburgNumber
"Landau-Ginzburg Number", also known as the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, describes the relationship between London penetration depth and coherence length.
quantitykind:LandeGFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor
The "Lande g-Factor" is a particular example of a g-factor, namely for an electron with both spin and orbital angular momenta. It is named after Alfred Landé, who first described it in 1921.
quantitykind:LarmorAngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LarmorAngularFrequency
The "Larmor Frequency" describes angular momentum vector precession about the external field axis with an angular frequency.
quantitykind:LatticePlaneSpacing
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing
"Lattice Plane Spacing" is the distance between successive lattice planes.
quantitykind:LatticeVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector
"Lattice Vector" is a translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself.
quantitykind:LeakageFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LeakageFactor
"Leakage Factor" is the ratio of the total magnetic flux to the useful magnetic flux of a magnetic circuit.
quantitykind:Length
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length
In geometric measurements, length most commonly refers to the est dimension of an object. In some contexts, the term "length" is reserved for a certain dimension of an object along which the length is measured.
quantitykind:LengthMolarEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LengthMolarEnergy
quantitykind:LengthPerUnitElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LengthPerUnitElectricCurrent
quantitykind:LengthPercentage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LengthPercentage
quantitykind:LengthTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LengthTemperature
quantitykind:LengthTemperatureTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LengthTemperatureTime
quantitykind:Lethargy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy
The "Lethargy" is a dimensionless logarithm of the ratio of the energy of source neutrons to the energy of neutrons after a collision.
quantitykind:LevelWidth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth
The "Level Width" is the uncertainty in the energy of a quantum-mechanical system having discrete energy levels in a state that is not strictly stationary. The system may be an atom, a molecule, or an atomic nucleus.
quantitykind:LiftCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LiftCoefficient
The lift coefficient is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the lift generated by a lifting body, the dynamic pressure of the fluid flow around the body, and a reference area associated with the body.
quantitykind:LiftForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LiftForce
The lift force, lifting force or simply lift is the sum of all the forces on a body that force it to move perpendicular to the direction of flow.
quantitykind:LinearAbsorptionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearAbsorptionCoefficient
The Linear Absorption Coefficient is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.
quantitykind:LinearAcceleration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearAcceleration
quantitykind:LinearAttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearAttenuationCoefficient
"Linear Attenuation Coefficient", also called the attenuation coefficient, narrow beam attenuation coefficient, or absorption coefficient, is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.
quantitykind:LinearBitDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearBitDensity
quantitykind:LinearCompressibility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearCompressibility
Linear Compressibility is a measure of the relative length change of a solid as a response to a normal force change.
quantitykind:LinearDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity
The Linear density, linear mass density or linear mass is a measure of mass per unit of length, and it is a characteristic of strings or other one-dimensional objects.
quantitykind:LinearElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCharge
quantitykind:LinearElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrent
"Linear Electric Linear Current" is the electric current per unit line.
quantitykind:LinearElectricCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity
"Linear Electric Linear Current Density" is the electric current per unit length. Electric current, \(I\), through a curve \(C\) is defined as \(I = \int_C J _s \times e_n\), where \(e_n\) is a unit vector perpendicular to the surface and line vector element, and \(dr\) is the differential of position vector \(r\).
quantitykind:LinearEnergyTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer
"Linear Energy Transfer" (LET) is the linear density of energy lost by a charged ionizing particle travelling through matter.Typically, this measure is used to quantify the effects of ionizing radiation on biological specimens or electronic devices.
quantitykind:LinearExpansionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient
quantitykind:LinearForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearForce
Another name for Force Per Length, used by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard.
quantitykind:LinearIonization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization
"Linear Ionization" is a description of how the ionization of an atom or molecule takes place. For example, an ion with a +2 charge can be created only from an ion with a +1 charge or a +3 charge. That is, the numerical charge of an atom or molecule must change sequentially, always moving from one number to an adjacent, or sequential, number. Using sequential ionization definition.
quantitykind:LinearLogarithmicRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearLogarithmicRatio
quantitykind:LinearMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearMomentum
Linear momentum is the quantity obtained by multiplying the mass of a body by its linear velocity. The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.The SI unit for linear momentum is meter-kilogram per second (\(m-kg/s\)).
quantitykind:LinearResistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearResistance
quantitykind:LinearStiffness
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStiffness
Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force. Linear Stiffness is the term used in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard.
quantitykind:LinearStrain
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain
A strain is a normalized measure of deformation representing the displacement between particles in the body relative to a reference length.
quantitykind:LinearThermalExpansion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearThermalExpansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion. Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by: linear thermal expansion, area thermal expansion, or volumetric thermal expansion.
quantitykind:LinearVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearVelocity
Linear Velocity, as the name implies deals with speed in a straight line, the units are often \(km/hr\) or \(m/s\) or \(mph\) (miles per hour). Linear Velocity (v) = change in distance/change in time, where \(v = \bigtriangleup d/\bigtriangleup t\)
quantitykind:LinearVoltageCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearVoltageCoefficient
ratio identifying the relationship between induced voltage and velocity
quantitykind:LineicCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicCharge
elektrische Ladung dividiert durch dazugehörige Länge
quantitykind:LineicDataVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicDataVolume
number of data, usually dependent on the respective information complexity or its coding procedure, divided by the related length
quantitykind:LineicLogarithmicRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicLogarithmicRatio
logarithm of the relationship between the value of a given quantity and the quantity of a reference value of the same type divided by the related length
quantitykind:LineicMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicMass
ratio between mass divided by the related length
quantitykind:LineicPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicPower
power divided by the associated length
quantitykind:LineicResistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicResistance
ratio of resistance divided by length
quantitykind:LineicResolution
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicResolution
graphic resolution capacity of output devices such as printers or of data acquisition such as scanners, as a number of pixels per length
quantitykind:LineicTorque
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LineicTorque
torque divided by the appropriate length
quantitykind:LinkedFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinkedFlux
"Linked Flux" is defined as the path integral of the magnetic vector potential. This is the line integral of a magnetic vector potential \(A\) along a curve \(C\). The line vector element \(dr\) is the differential of position vector \(r\).
quantitykind:LiquidVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LiquidVolume
Liquid volume is the volume of a given amount of liquid, that is, the amount of space a liquid takes up. There are a number of different units used to measure liquid volume, but most of them fall under either the metric system of measurement or the Imperial system of measurement.
quantitykind:Log10FrequencyInterval
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Log10FrequencyInterval
quantitykind:LogOctanolAirPartitionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogOctanolAirPartitionCoefficient
A dimensionless ratio that is the logarithm of the ratio of a compound's concentration within a two phase mixture of liquid octanol and gaseous air at equilibrium. More simply, it is a comparison of the solubilities of the compound solute in these two immiscible substances.
quantitykind:LogOctanolWaterPartitionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogOctanolWaterPartitionCoefficient
A dimensionless ratio that is the logarithm of the ratio of a compound's concentration within a two phase mixture of octanol and water at equilibrium. More simply, it is a comparison of the solubilities of the compound solute in these two immiscible liquids. This property is used to measure the lipophilicity and the hydrophilicity of a substance.
quantitykind:LogarithmRatioToBase10
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmRatioToBase10
dekadischer Logarithmus des Verhältnisses des Werts einer gegebenen Größe zum Wert einer Bezugsgröße gleicher Art
quantitykind:LogarithmRatioToBaseE
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmRatioToBaseE
natürlicher Logarithmus des Verhältnisses des Werts einer gegebenen Größe zum Wert einer Bezugsgröße gleicher Art (Basis des Logarithmus: e = 2,718...)
quantitykind:LogarithmicFrequencyInterval
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmicFrequencyInterval
quantitykind:LogarithmicFrequencyIntervalToBase10
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmicFrequencyIntervalToBase10
dekadischer Logarithmus des Quotienten aus zwei Frequenzen, wobei die im Zähler stehende Frequenz größer als die Frequenz im Nenner ist
quantitykind:LogarithmicMedianInformationFlow_SourceToBase10
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmicMedianInformationFlow_SourceToBase10
ratio of the median information content divided by the expected value for the duration of a character, expressed as a logarithm to base 10
quantitykind:LogarithmicMedianInformationFlow_SourceToBase2
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmicMedianInformationFlow_SourceToBase2
ratio of the median information content divided by the expected value for the duration of a character, expressed as a logarithm to base 2
quantitykind:LogarithmicMedianInformationFlow_SourceToBaseE
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LogarithmicMedianInformationFlow_SourceToBaseE
ratio of the median information content divided by the expected value for the duration of a character, expressed as a logarithm to base e
quantitykind:LondonPenetrationDepth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth
"London Penetration Depth" characterizes the distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor and becomes equal to 1/e times that of the magnetic field at the surface of the superconductor.
quantitykind:Long-RangeOrderParameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter
"Long-Range Order Parameter" is the fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
quantitykind:LorenzCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient
"Lorenz Coefficient" is part mof the Lorenz curve.
quantitykind:LossFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor
"Loss Factor} is the inverse of \textit{Quality Factor} and is the ratio of the \textit{resistance} and modulus of \textit{reactance".
quantitykind:Loudness
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Loudness
measure of the subjective hearing sensation on a scale extending from soft to loud; a progressive mono-frequency (single-frequency) wave of frequency 1 kHz and sound pressure level 40 dB, directed head-on to hearers is assigned the loudness 1 sone, and a tone which is identified by the listeners as being n-times as loud as that identified by 1 sone is assigned the loudness n sone
quantitykind:LoudnessLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LoudnessLevel
value specified in phon as a measure of the level of the subjective perception of a sound which corresponds to the sound pressure level of a reference sound specified in dB which comprises a wave coming from the front with a frequency of 1000 Hz and assessed to be just as loud as the noise
quantitykind:LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
"Lower Critical Magnetic Flux Density" for type II superconductors, is the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.
quantitykind:Luminance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.
quantitykind:LuminousEfficacy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousEfficacy
Luminous Efficacy is the ratio of luminous flux (in lumens) to power (usually measured in watts). Depending on context, the power can be either the radiant flux of the source's output, or it can be the total electric power consumed by the source.
quantitykind:LuminousEmittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousEmittance
"Luminous Emittance" is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface.
quantitykind:LuminousEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousEnergy
Luminous Energy is the perceived energy of light. This is sometimes also called the quantity of light.
quantitykind:LuminousExitance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousExitance
ratio of the luminous flux dΦ, leaving an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element
quantitykind:LuminousExposure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousExposure
Luminous Exposure is the time-integrated illuminance.
quantitykind:LuminousFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux
Luminous Flux or Luminous Power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light.
quantitykind:LuminousFluxPerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFluxPerArea
In photometry, illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is a measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception. Similarly, luminous emittance is the luminous flux per unit area emitted from a surface. In SI derived units these are measured in \(lux (lx)\) or \(lumens per square metre\) (\(cd \cdot m^{-2}\)). In the CGS system, the unit of illuminance is the \(phot\), which is equal to \(10,000 lux\). The \(foot-candle\) is a non-metric unit of illuminance that is used in photography.
quantitykind:LuminousFluxRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFluxRatio
Luminous Flux Ratio (or Relative Luminous Flux or Relative Luminous Power) is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. It is expressed as a percentage or fraction of full power.
quantitykind:LuminousIntensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity
Luminous Intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. The weighting is determined by the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths.
quantitykind:LuminousIntensityDistribution
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensityDistribution
"Luminous Intensity Distribution" is a measure of the luminous intensity of a light source that changes according to the direction of the ray. It is normally based on some standardized distribution light distribution curves. Usually measured in Candela/Lumen (cd/lm) or (cd/klm).
quantitykind:MASS-DELIVERED
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MASS-DELIVERED
The minimum mass a propulsive system can deliver to a specified target or location. Most mass- delivered requirements have associated Delta-V requirements, effectively specifying the path between the two points.
quantitykind:MASS-GROWTH-ALLOWANCE
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MASS-GROWTH-ALLOWANCE
A factor applied to basic mass at the lowest level of design detail available based on type and maturity of hardware according to an approved MGA depletion schedule.
quantitykind:MASS-MARGIN
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MASS-MARGIN
Requirement minus predicted value. Margin is used as a metric in risk management. Positive margin mitigates the risk of mass increases from requirements maturation and implementation, underestimated predicted system, or subsystem mass.
quantitykind:MASS-PROPERTY-UNCERTAINTY
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MASS-PROPERTY-UNCERTAINTY
Variation in predicted MP due to lack of definition, manufacturing variations, environment effects, or accuracy limitation of measuring devices.
quantitykind:MOMENT-OF-INERTIA_Y
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MOMENT-OF-INERTIA_Y
The rotational inertia or resistance to change in direction or speed of rotation about a defined axis.
quantitykind:MOMENT-OF-INERTIA_Z
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MOMENT-OF-INERTIA_Z
The rotational inertia or resistance to change in direction or speed of rotation about a defined axis.
quantitykind:MachNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MachNumber
"Mach Number" is a dimensionless quantity representing the speed of an object moving through air or other fluid divided by the local speed of sound. It is commonly used to represent the speed of an object when it is traveling close to or above the speed of sound. The Mach number is commonly used both with objects traveling at high speed in a fluid, and with high-speed fluid flows inside channels such as nozzles, diffusers or wind tunnels. As it is defined as a ratio of two speeds, it is a dimensionless number.
quantitykind:MacroscopicCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection
"Macroscopic Cross-section" is the sum of the cross-sections for a reaction or process of a specified type over all atoms or other entities in a given 3D domain, divided by the volume of that domain.
quantitykind:MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
"Macroscopic Total Cross-section" is the total cross-sections for all atoms or other entities in a given 3D domain, divided by the volume of that domain.
quantitykind:MadelungConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MadelungConstant
"Madelung Constant" is used in determining the electrostatic potential of a single ion in a crystal by approximating the ions by point charges. It is named after Erwin Madelung, a German physicist.
quantitykind:MagneticAreaMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticAreaMoment
"Magnetic Area Moment", for a magnetic dipole, is a vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation. "Magnetic Area Moment" is also referred to as "Magnetic Moment".
quantitykind:MagneticDipoleMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment
"Magnetic Dipole Moment" is the magnetic moment of a system is a measure of the magnitude and the direction of its magnetism. Magnetic moment usually refers to its Magnetic Dipole Moment, and quantifies the contribution of the system's internal magnetism to the external dipolar magnetic field produced by the system (that is, the component of the external magnetic field that is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance to the observer). The Magnetic Dipole Moment is a vector-valued quantity. For a particle or nucleus, vector quantity causing an increment \(\Delta W = -\mu \cdot B\) to its energy \(W\) in an external magnetic field with magnetic flux density \(B\).
quantitykind:MagneticDipoleMomentOfAMolecule
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMomentOfAMolecule
Em = -m•B, wobei Em die Interaktionsenergie vom Molekül ist mit dem magnetischem Dipolmoment m und einem Magnetfeld mit der magnetischen Induktionsflussdichte B
quantitykind:MagneticField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticField
The Magnetic Field, denoted \(B\), is a fundamental field in electrodynamics which characterizes the magnetic force exerted by electric currents. It is closely related to the auxillary magnetic field H (see quantitykind:AuxillaryMagneticField).
quantitykind:MagneticFieldStrength_H
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength_H
\(\textbf{Magnetic Field Strength}\) is a vector quantity obtained at a given point by subtracting the magnetization \(M\) from the magnetic flux density \(B\) divided by the magnetic constant \(\mu_0\). The magnetic field strength is related to the total current density \(J_{tot}\) via: \(\text{rot} H = J_{tot}\).
quantitykind:MagneticFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux
"Magnetic Flux" is the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it penetrates.
quantitykind:MagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity
"Magnetic Flux Density" is a vector quantity and is the magnetic flux per unit area of a magnetic field at right angles to the magnetic force. It can be defined in terms of the effects the field has, for example by \(B = F/q v \sin \theta\), where \(F\) is the force a moving charge \(q\) would experience if it was travelling at a velocity \(v\) in a direction making an angle θ with that of the field. The magnetic field strength is also a vector quantity and is related to \(B\) by: \(H = B/\mu\), where \(\mu\) is the permeability of the medium.
quantitykind:MagneticFluxDensityOrMagneticPolarization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensityOrMagneticPolarization
vektorielle Feldgröße B, die auf jedes geladene Teilchen, das eine Geschwindigkeit v hat, eine Kraft F ausübt, die gleich dem Produkt aus dem Vektorprodukt v x B und der elektrischen Ladung Q des Teilchens ist oder vektorielle Größe gleich dem Produkt aus der Magnetisierung M und der magnetischen Feldkonstante µ₀
quantitykind:MagneticFluxPerUnitLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxPerUnitLength
"Magnetic Flux per Unit Length" is a quantity in the SI and C.G.S. Systems of Quantities.
quantitykind:MagneticMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment
"Magnetic Moment", for a magnetic dipole, is a vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation. "Magnetic Moment" is also referred to as "Magnetic Area Moment", and is not to be confused with Magnetic Dipole Moment.
quantitykind:MagneticPolarization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization
\(\textbf{Magnetic Polarization}\) is a vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization \(M\) and the magnetic constant \(\mu_0\).
quantitykind:MagneticQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber
The "Magnetic Quantum Number" describes the specific orbital (or "cloud") within that subshell, and yields the projection of the orbital angular momentum along a specified axis.
quantitykind:MagneticReluctivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticReluctivity
"Length Per Unit Magnetic Flux} is the the resistance of a material to the establishment of a magnetic field in it. It is the reciprocal of \textit{Magnetic Permeability", the inverse of the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
quantitykind:MagneticSusceptability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticSusceptability
"Magnetic Susceptability" is a scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant \(\mu_0\) and by the magnetic field strength \(H\) is equal to the magnetic polarization \(J\). The definition given applies to an isotropic medium. For an anisotropic medium permeability is a second order tensor.
quantitykind:MagneticTension
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension
"Magnetic Tension} is a scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength \mathbf{H" along a specified path linking two points a and b.
quantitykind:MagneticVectorPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential
"Magnetic Vector Potential" is the vector potential of the magnetic flux density. The magnetic vector potential is not unique since any irrotational vector field quantity can be added to a given magnetic vector potential without changing its rotation. Under static conditions the magnetic vector potential is often chosen so that its divergence is zero.
quantitykind:Magnetization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization
"Magnetization" is defined as the ratio of magnetic moment per unit volume. It is a vector-valued quantity.
quantitykind:MagnetizationField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetizationField
The Magnetization Field is defined as the ratio of magnetic moment per unit volume. It is a vector-valued quantity.
quantitykind:MagnetomotiveForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce
\(\textbf{Magnetomotive Force}\) (\(mmf\)) is the ability of an electric circuit to produce magnetic flux. Just as the ability of a battery to produce electric current is called its electromotive force or emf, mmf is taken as the work required to move a unit magnet pole from any point through any path which links the electric circuit back the same point in the presence of the magnetic force produced by the electric current in the circuit. \(\textbf{Magnetomotive Force}\) is the scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.
quantitykind:Mass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass
In physics, mass, more specifically inertial mass, can be defined as a quantitative measure of an object's resistance to acceleration. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (\(kg\))
quantitykind:MassAbsorptionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAbsorptionCoefficient
The mass absorption coefficient is the linear absorption coefficient divided by the density of the absorber.
quantitykind:MassAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAmountOfSubstance
quantitykind:MassAmountOfSubstanceTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAmountOfSubstanceTemperature
quantitykind:MassAttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient
"Mass Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per unit mass.
quantitykind:MassConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration
The "Mass Concentration" of substance B is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture .
quantitykind:MassConcentrationOfWater
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater
"Mass Concentration of Water Valour} is one of a number of \textit{Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
"Mass Concentration of Water} is one of a number of \textit{Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:MassDefect
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect
The "Mass Defect", also termed mass deficit, or mass packing fraction, describes mass change (decrease) in bound systems, particularly atomic nuclei.
quantitykind:MassDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDensity
The mass density or density of a material is its mass per unit volume.
quantitykind:MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
"Mass Energy Transfer Coefficient" is that fraction of the mass attenuation coefficient which contributes to the production of kinetic energy in charged particles.
quantitykind:MassExcess
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess
The "Mass Excess" of a nuclide is the difference between its actual mass and its mass number in atomic mass units. It is one of the predominant methods for tabulating nuclear mass.
quantitykind:MassFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFlowRate
"Mass Flow Rate" is a measure of Mass flux. The common symbol is \(\dot{m}\) (pronounced "m-dot"), although sometimes \(\mu\) is used. The SI units are \(kg s-1\).
quantitykind:MassFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFluxDensity
product of flow velocity and density
quantitykind:MassFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction
The "Mass Fraction" is the fraction of one substance with mass to the mass of the total mixture .
quantitykind:MassFractionOfDryMatter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter
"Mass Fraction of Dry Matter} is one of a number of \textit{Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:MassFractionOfWater
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater
"Mass Fraction of Water} is one of a number of \textit{Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:MassNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber
The "Mass Number" (A), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. Nuclides with the same value of \(A\) are called isobars.
quantitykind:MassOfElectricalPowerSupply
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassOfElectricalPowerSupply
quantitykind:MassOfSolidBooster
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassOfSolidBooster
quantitykind:MassOfTheEarth
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassOfTheEarth
Earth mass is the unit of mass equal to that of the Earth. Earth mass is often used to describe masses of rocky terrestrial planets.
quantitykind:MassPerArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassPerArea
The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, or superficial density) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is: kilogram per square metre (\(kg \cdot m^{-2}\)).
quantitykind:MassPerAreaTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassPerAreaTime
In Physics and Engineering, mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit area. The common symbols are \(j\), \(J\), \(\phi\), or \(\Phi\) (Greek lower or capital Phi), sometimes with subscript \(m\) to indicate mass is the flowing quantity. Its SI units are \( kg s^{-1} m^{-2}\).
quantitykind:MassPerElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassPerElectricCharge
The mass-to-charge ratio ratio (\(m/Q\)) is a physical quantity that is widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, for example, in electron optics and ion optics. The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields. Its SI units are \(kg/C\), but it can also be measured in Thomson (\(Th\)).
quantitykind:MassPerEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassPerEnergy
Mass per Energy (\(m/E\)) is a physical quantity that bridges mass and energy. The SI unit is \(kg/J\) or equivalently \(s^2/m^2\).
quantitykind:MassPerLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassPerLength
Linear density, linear mass density or linear mass is a measure of mass per unit of length, and it is a characteristic of strings or other one-dimensional objects. The SI unit of linear density is the kilogram per metre (\(kg/m\)).
quantitykind:MassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassRatio
In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket. It describes how much more massive the vehicle is with propellant than without; that is, it is the ratio of the rocket's wet mass (vehicle plus contents plus propellant) to its dry mass (vehicle plus contents)
quantitykind:MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
"Mass Ratio of Water to Dry Matter} is one of a number of \textit{Concentration Ratio" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
"Mass Ratio of Water Vapour to Dry Gas} is one of a number of \textit{Concentration Ratio" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:MassRelatedElectricalCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassRelatedElectricalCurrent
elektrische Stromstärke dividiert durch die zugehörige Masse
quantitykind:MassStoppingPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassStoppingPower
quantitykind:MassTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassTemperature
quantitykind:MassicActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassicActivity
"Massic Activity" is the activity divided by the total mass of the sample.
quantitykind:MassicElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassicElectricCurrent
quantitykind:MassicHeatCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassicHeatCapacity
ratio of heat capacity divided by mass
quantitykind:MassicPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassicPower
ratio energy divided by time and related mass
quantitykind:MassicTorque
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassicTorque
ratio of torque divided by the mass to be moved
quantitykind:MassieuFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction
The Massieu function, \(\Psi\), is defined as: \(\Psi = \Psi (X_1, \dots , X_i, Y_{i+1}, \dots , Y_r )\), where for every system with degree of freedom \(r\) one may choose \(r\) variables, e.g. , to define a coordinate system, where \(X\) and \(Y\) are extensive and intensive variables, respectively, and where at least one extensive variable must be within this set in order to define the size of the system. The \((r + 1)^{th}\) variable,\(\Psi\) , is then called the Massieu function.
quantitykind:MaxExpectedOperatingThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaxExpectedOperatingThrust
quantitykind:MaxOperatingThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaxOperatingThrust
quantitykind:MaxSeaLevelThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaxSeaLevelThrust
Max Sea Level thrust (Mlbf)
quantitykind:MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy
"Maximum Beta-Particle Energy" is the maximum energy of the energy spectrum in a beta-particle disintegration process.
quantitykind:MaximumExpectedOperatingPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumExpectedOperatingPressure
quantitykind:MaximumOperatingPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumOperatingPressure
quantitykind:MeanEnergyImparted
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted
The "Mean Energy Imparted", is the average energy imparted to irradiated matter.
quantitykind:MeanFreePath
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath
"Mean Free Path" is the average distance travelled by a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, a photon) between successive impacts (collisions) which modify its direction or energy or other particle properties.
quantitykind:MeanLifetime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime
The "Mean Lifetime" is the average length of time that an element remains in the set of discrete elements in a decaying quantity, \(N(t)\).
quantitykind:MeanLinearRange
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange
"Mean Linear Range" is, in a given material, for specified charged particles of a specified energy, the average displacement of the particles before they stop. That is, the mean totl rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest (or to some suitable cut-off energy) in a given substance under specified conditions averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
quantitykind:MeanMassRange
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange
"Mean Mass Range" is the mean linear range multiplied by the mass density of the material.
quantitykind:MechanicalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MechanicalEnergy
Mechanical Energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.
quantitykind:MechanicalImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MechanicalImpedance
quantitykind:MechanicalMobility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MechanicalMobility
quantitykind:MechanicalSurfaceImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MechanicalSurfaceImpedance
Mechanical surface impedance at a surface, is the complex quotient of the total force on the surface by the component of the average sound particle velocity at the surface in the direction of the force
There are various interpretations of MechanicalSurfaceImpedance: Pressure/Velocity - https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA315595.pdf, Force / Speed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6421317, and (Pressure / Velocity)**0.5 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/mechanical-impedance. We are seeking a resolution to these differences.
quantitykind:MechanicalTension
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MechanicalTension
at a point of a body upon which a force acts which attempts to change the shape of the body, the limit value of the ratio between the force and area of a flat surface around this point when the dimensions approach zero
quantitykind:MeltingPoint
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeltingPoint
A temperature that is the one at which a substance will change its physical state from a solid to a liquid. It is also the temperature where the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in equilibrium.
quantitykind:MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction
A "Micro Canonical Partition Function" applies to a micro canonical ensemble, in which the system is allowed to exchange heat with the environment at fixed temperature, volume, and a fixed number of particles.
quantitykind:MicrobialFormation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicrobialFormation
quantitykind:MigrationArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea
"Migration Area" is the sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
quantitykind:MigrationLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength
"Migration Length" is the square root of the migration area.
quantitykind:Mobility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility
"Mobility" characterizes how quickly a particle can move through a metal or semiconductor, when pulled by an electric field. The average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, divided by the electric field strength.
quantitykind:MobilityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio
"MobilityRatio" describes permeability of a porous material to a given phase divided by the viscosity of that phase.
quantitykind:ModulusOfAdmittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance
"Modulus Of Admittance" is the absolute value of the quantity "admittance".
quantitykind:ModulusOfElasticity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfElasticity
The Modulus of Elasticity is the mathematical description of an object or substance's tendency to be deformed elastically (that is, non-permanently) when a force is applied to it.
quantitykind:ModulusOfImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance
"Modulus Of Impedance} is the absolute value of the quantity \textit{impedance". Apparent impedance is defined more generally as the quotient of rms voltage and rms electric current; it is often denoted by \(Z\).
quantitykind:ModulusOfLinearSubgradeReaction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfLinearSubgradeReaction
Modulus of Linear Subgrade Reaction is a measure for modulus of linear subgrade reaction, which expresses the elastic bedding of a linear structural element per length, such as for a beam. It is typically measured in N/m^2
quantitykind:ModulusOfRotationalSubgradeReaction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfRotationalSubgradeReaction
Modulus of Rotational Subgrade Reaction is a measure for modulus of rotational subgrade reaction, which expresses the rotational elastic bedding of a linear structural element per length, such as for a beam. It is typically measured in Nm/(m*rad).
quantitykind:ModulusOfSubgradeReaction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfSubgradeReaction
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction is a geotechnical measure describing interaction between foundation structures and the soil. May also be known as bedding measure. Usually measured in N/m3.
quantitykind:MoistureDiffusivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoistureDiffusivity
quantitykind:MolalityOfSolute
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolalityOfSolute
The "Molality of Solute" of a solution is defined as the amount of substance of solute divided by the mass in kg of the solvent.
quantitykind:MolarAbsorptionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarAbsorptionCoefficient
"Molar Absorption Coefficient" is a spectrophotometric unit indicating the light a substance absorbs with respect to length, usually centimeters, and concentration, usually moles per liter.
quantitykind:MolarAngularMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarAngularMomentum
quantitykind:MolarAttenuationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarAttenuationCoefficient
"Molar Attenuation Coefficient" is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per amount of substance.
quantitykind:MolarConductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity
"Molar Conductivity" is the conductivity of an electrolyte solution divided by the molar concentration of the electrolyte, and so measures the efficiency with which a given electrolyte conducts electricity in solution.
quantitykind:MolarDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarDensity
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the quantity of material
quantitykind:MolarEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy
"Molar Energy" is the total energy contained by a thermodynamic system. The unit is \(J/mol\), also expressed as \(joule/mole\), or \(joules per mole\). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The quantity has the dimension of \(M \cdot L^2 \cdot T^{-2} \cdot N^{-1}\) where \(M\) is mass, \(L\) is length, \(T\) is time, and \(N\) is amount of substance.
quantitykind:MolarEntropy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy
The "Standard Molar Entropy" is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP).
quantitykind:MolarFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarFlowRate
Molar Flow Rate is a measure of the amount of substance (the number of molecules) that passes through a given area perpendicular to the flow in a given time. Typically this area is constrained, for example a section through a pipe, but it could also apply to an open flow.
quantitykind:MolarHeatCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarHeatCapacity
"Molar Heat Capacity" is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance. In SI units, molar heat capacity (symbol: cn) is the amount of heat in joules required to raise 1 mole of a substance 1 Kelvin.
quantitykind:MolarInternalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarInternalEnergy
quantitykind:MolarMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass
In chemistry, the molar mass M is defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance. It is a physical property of a given substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is \(kg/mol\).
quantitykind:MolarOpticalRotationalAbility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarOpticalRotationalAbility
materialspezifische Größe, die sich als spezifischer Drehwinkel einer Substanz für eine bestimmte Wellenlänge und eine bestimmte Temperatur ergibt durch die Beziehung: Quotient aus gemessener Drehwinkel dividiert durch die Stoffmenegenkonzentration und die durchstrahlte Wegstrecke
quantitykind:MolarOpticalRotatoryPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarOpticalRotatoryPower
The "Molar Optical Rotatory Power" Angle of optical rotation divided by the optical path length through the medium and by the amount concentration giving the molar optical rotatory power.
quantitykind:MolarRefractivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarRefractivity
A quantity kind that is a measure of the total polarizability of a mole of substance that depends on the temperature, the index of refraction and the pressure.
quantitykind:MolarThermalCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarThermalCapacity
thermal capacity divided by the amount of substance
quantitykind:MolarThermodynamicEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarThermodynamicEnergy
energy in relation to the amount of a substance
quantitykind:MolarVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume
The molar volume, symbol \(V_m\), is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (\(M\)) divided by the mass density (\(\rho\)). It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole (\(m^{1}/mol\)). For ideal gases, the molar volume is given by the ideal gas equation: this is a good approximation for many common gases at standard temperature and pressure. For crystalline solids, the molar volume can be measured by X-ray crystallography.
quantitykind:MoleFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction
In chemistry, the mole fraction of a component in a mixture is the relative proportion of molecules belonging to the component to those in the mixture, by number of molecules. It is one way of measuring concentration.
quantitykind:MolecularConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration
The "Molecular Concentration" of substance B is defined as the number of molecules of B divided by the volume of the mixture
quantitykind:MolecularMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularMass
The molecular mass, or molecular weight of a chemical compound is the mass of one molecule of that compound, relative to the unified atomic mass unit, u. Molecular mass should not be confused with molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance.
quantitykind:MolecularViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularViscosity
Molecules in a fluid close to a solid boundary sometime strike the boundary and transfer momentum to it. Molecules further from the boundary collide with molecules that have struck the boundary, further transferring the change in momentum into the interior of the fluid. This transfer of momentum is molecular viscosity. Molecules, however, travel only micrometers between collisions, and the process is very inefficient for transferring momentum even a few centimeters. Molecular viscosity is important only within a few millimeters of a boundary. The coefficient of molecular viscosity has the same value as the dynamic viscosity.
quantitykind:MomentOfForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfForce
Moment of force (often just moment) is the tendency of a force to twist or rotate an object.
quantitykind:MomentOfInertia
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia
The rotational inertia or resistance to change in direction or speed of rotation about a defined axis.
quantitykind:Momentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum
The momentum of a system of particles is given by the sum of the momentums of the individual particles which make up the system or by the product of the total mass of the system and the velocity of the center of gravity of the system. The momentum of a continuous medium is given by the integral of the velocity over the mass of the medium or by the product of the total mass of the medium and the velocity of the center of gravity of the medium.
quantitykind:MomentumPerAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentumPerAngle
quantitykind:MorbidityRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MorbidityRate
Morbidity rate is a measure of the incidence of a disease in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
quantitykind:MortalityRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MortalityRate
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
quantitykind:MotorConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MotorConstant
quantitiy/variable which identifies a characteristic of a motor
quantitykind:MultiplicationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor
The "Multiplication Factor" is the ratio of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in a time interval to the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage during the same interval.
quantitykind:MutualInductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MutualInductance
\(\textit{Mutual Inductance}\) is the non-diagonal term of the inductance matrix. For two loops, the symbol \(M\) is used for \(L_{12}\).
quantitykind:NOMINAL-ASCENT-PROPELLANT-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NOMINAL-ASCENT-PROPELLANT-MASS
The amount of propellant mass within a stage that is available for impulse for use in nominal payload performance prediction. This mass excludes loaded propellant that has been set aside for off- nominal performance behavior (FPR and fuel bias).
quantitykind:NapierianAbsorbance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NapierianAbsorbance
Napierian Absorbance is the natural (Napierian) logarithm of the reciprocal of the spectral internal transmittance.
quantitykind:NeelTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeelTemperature
"Neel Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.
quantitykind:NeutralRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutralRatio
ratio between two physical variables of the same type, expressed as a number which describes the relationship between these variables where the units are cancelled against each other
quantitykind:NeutronDiffusionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronDiffusionCoefficient
The "Diffusion Coefficient" is
quantitykind:NeutronDiffusionLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronDiffusionLength
The neutron diffusion length is equivalent to the relaxation length, that is, to the distance, in which the neutron flux decreases by a factor e
quantitykind:NeutronNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronNumber
"Neutron Number", symbol \(N\), is the number of neutrons in a nuclide. Nuclides with the same value of \(N\) but different values of \(Z\) are called isotones. \(N - Z\) is called the neutron excess number.
quantitykind:NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
The "Neutron Yield per Absorption" is the average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.
quantitykind:NeutronYieldPerFission
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission
The "Neutron Yield per Fission" is the average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.
quantitykind:Non-LeakageProbability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability
The "Non-Leakage Probability" is the probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron
quantitykind:NonActivePower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower
"Non-active Power", for a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, is the quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power and the active power.
quantitykind:NonNegativeLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonNegativeLength
"NonNegativeLength" is a measure of length greater than or equal to zero.
quantitykind:NormalStress
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NormalStress
Normal stress is defined as the stress resulting from a force acting normal to a body surface. Normal stress can be caused by several loading methods, the most common being axial tension and compression, bending, and hoop stress.
quantitykind:NormalizedDimensionlessRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NormalizedDimensionlessRatio
A "Normalized Dimensionless Ratio" is a dimensionless ratio ranging from 0.0 to 1.0
quantitykind:NozzleThroatCrossSectionalArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NozzleThroatCrossSectionalArea
Cross-sectional area of the nozzle at the throat.
quantitykind:NozzleThroatDiameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NozzleThroatDiameter
quantitykind:NozzleThroatPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NozzleThroatPressure
quantitykind:NozzleWallsThrustReaction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NozzleWallsThrustReaction
quantitykind:NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
"Nuclear Quadrupole Moment" is a quantity that characterizes the deviation from spherical symmetry of the electrical charge distribution in an atomic nucleus.
quantitykind:NuclearRadius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius
"Nuclear Radius" is the conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included
quantitykind:NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
The "Spin Quantum Number" describes the spin (intrinsic angular momentum) of the electron within that orbital, and gives the projection of the spin angular momentum S along the specified axis
quantitykind:NucleonNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber
Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.A = Z+N. Nuclides with the same value of A are called isobars.
quantitykind:NumberDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NumberDensity
In physics, astronomy, and chemistry, number density (symbol: n) is a kind of quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (atoms, molecules, dust particles, galaxies, etc.) in the three-dimensional physical space.
quantitykind:NumberOfParticles
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NumberOfParticles
"Number of Particles", also known as the particle number, of a thermodynamic system, conventionally indicated with the letter N, is the number of constituent particles in that system.
quantitykind:OlfactoryThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OlfactoryThreshold
"Olfactory Threshold" are thresholds for the concentrations of various classes of smell that can be detected.
quantitykind:OrbitalAngularMomentumPerUnitMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumPerUnitMass
Angular momentum of the orbit per unit mass of the vehicle
quantitykind:OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
The "Principal Quantum Number" describes the electron shell, or energy level, of an atom. The value of \(n\) ranges from 1 to the shell containing the outermost electron of that atom.
quantitykind:OrbitalRadialDistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalRadialDistance
quantitykind:OrderOfReflection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrderOfReflection
"Order of Reflection" is \(n\) in the Bragg's Law equation.
quantitykind:OsmoticCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient
The "Osmotic Coefficient" is a quantity which characterises the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
quantitykind:OsmoticPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure
The "Osmotic Pressure" is the pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
quantitykind:OverRangeDistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OverRangeDistance
Additional distance traveled by a rocket because Of excessive initial velocity.
quantitykind:PH
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PH
Chemicals or substances having a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic; more than 7 means basic.
quantitykind:PREDICTED-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PREDICTED-MASS
Sum of the basic mass and the MGA. Current prediction of the final mass based on the current requirements and design.
quantitykind:PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA
A measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body?s principal axis.
quantitykind:PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA_X
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA_X
A measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body?s principal axis.
quantitykind:PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA_Y
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA_Y
A measure of a body?s dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
quantitykind:PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA_Z
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PRODUCT-OF-INERTIA_Z
A measure of a body's dynamic (or coupled) imbalance resulting in a precession when rotating about an axis other than the body's principal axis.
quantitykind:PackingFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction
The "Packing Fraction" is the fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by atoms.
quantitykind:PartialPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure
"Partial Pressure" is the pressure that the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
quantitykind:ParticleCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent
"Particle Current" can be used to describe the net number of particles passing through a surface in an infinitesimal time interval.
quantitykind:ParticleCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrentDensity
vector whose component is perpendicular to a surface equal to the net number of particles crossing that surface in the positive direction per unit area and per unit time
quantitykind:ParticleFluence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence
"Particle Fluence" is the total number of particles that intersect a unit area in a specific time interval of interest, and has units of m–2 (number of particles per meter squared).
quantitykind:ParticleFluenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate
"Particle Fluence Rate" can be defined as the total number of particles (typically Gamma Ray Photons ) crossing over a sphere of unit cross section which surrounds a Point Source of Ionising Radiation.
quantitykind:ParticleNumberDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity
The "Particle Number Density" is obtained by dividing the particle number of a system by its volume.
quantitykind:ParticlePositionVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector
"Particle Position Vector" is the position vector of a particle.
quantitykind:ParticleSourceDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity
"Particle Source Density" is the rate of production of particles in a 3D domain divided by the volume of that element.
quantitykind:PathLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PathLength
"PathLength" is
quantitykind:PayloadMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PayloadMass
Payload mass is the mass of the payload carried by the craft. In a multistage spacecraft the payload mass of the last stage is the mass of the payload and the payload masses of the other stages are considered to be the gross masses of the next stages.
quantitykind:PayloadRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PayloadRatio
The payload ratio is defined as the mass of the payload divided by the empty mass of the structure. Because of the extra cost involved in staging rockets, given the choice, it's often more economic to use few stages with a small payload ratio rather than more stages each with a high payload ratio.
quantitykind:PeltierCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient
"Peltier Coefficient" represents how much heat current is carried per unit charge through a given material. It is the heat power developed at a junction, divided by the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.
quantitykind:Period
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period
Duration of one cycle of a periodic phenomenon.
quantitykind:PermeabilityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PermeabilityRatio
The ratio of the effective permeability of a porous phase to the absolute permeability.
quantitykind:Permeance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance
"Permeance" is the inverse of reluctance. Permeance is a measure of the quantity of flux for a number of current-turns in magnetic circuit. A magnetic circuit almost acts as though the flux is "conducted", therefore permeance is larger for large cross sections of a material and smaller for longer lengths. This concept is analogous to electrical conductance in the electric circuit.
quantitykind:Permittivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity
"Permittivity" is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects, and is affected by a dielectric medium, and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material. Permittivity is often a scalar valued quantity, however in the general case it is tensor-valued.
quantitykind:PermittivityRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PermittivityRatio
"Permittivity Ratio" is the ratio of permittivity to the permittivity of a vacuum.
quantitykind:PhaseCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient
The phase coefficient is the amount of phase shift that occurs as the wave travels one meter. Increasing the loss of the material, via the manipulation of the material's conductivity, will decrease the wavelength (increase \(\beta\)) and increase the attenuation coefficient (increase \(\alpha\)).
quantitykind:PhaseDifference
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseDifference
"Phase Difference} is the difference, expressed in electrical degrees or time, between two waves having the same frequency and referenced to the same point in time. Two oscillators that have the same frequency and different phases have a phase difference, and the oscillators are said to be out of phase with each other. The amount by which such oscillators are out of step with each other can be expressed in degrees from \(0^\circ\) to \(360^\circ\), or in radians from 0 to \({2\pi}\). If the phase difference is \(180^\circ\) (\(\pi\) radians), then the two oscillators are said to be in antiphase.
quantitykind:PhaseSpeedOfSound
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseSpeedOfSound
In a dispersive medium sound speed is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. The spatial and temporal distribution of a propagating disturbance will continually change. Each frequency component propagates at its own Phase Velocity of Sound.
quantitykind:PhononMeanFreePath
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath
"Phonon Mean Free Path" is the mean free path of phonons.
quantitykind:PhotoThresholdOfAwarenessFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhotoThresholdOfAwarenessFunction
"Photo Threshold of Awareness Function" is the ability of the human eye to detect a light that results in a \(1^o\) radial angle at the eye with a given duration (temporal summation).
quantitykind:PhotonIntensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhotonIntensity
A measure of flux of photons per solid angle
quantitykind:PhotonLuminance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhotonLuminance
ratio between the photon flux at a point on a surface and in a given direction and the product of the solid angle and the orthogonal projection of this element on a plane perpendicular to the given direction
quantitykind:PhotonRadiance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhotonRadiance
A measure of flux of photons per surface area per solid angle
quantitykind:PhotosyntheticPhotonFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhotosyntheticPhotonFlux
Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) is a measurement of the total number of photons emitted by a light source each second within the PAR wavelength range and is measured in μmol/s. Lighting manufacturers may specify their grow light products in terms of PPF. It can be considered as analogous to measuring the luminous flux (lumens) of visible light which would typically require the use of an integrating sphere or a goniometer system with spectroradiometer sensor.
quantitykind:PhotosyntheticPhotonFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhotosyntheticPhotonFluxDensity
Photosynthetically Active Radiation are the wavelengths of light within the visible range of 400 to 700 nanometers (nm) that are critical for photosynthesis. PPFD measures the amount of PAR light (photons) that arrive at the plant’s surface each second. The PPFD is measured at various distances with a Full-spectrum Quantum Sensor, also known as a PAR meter. Natural sunlight has a PAR value of 900-1500μMol/m2/s when the sun is directly overhead. For a grow light to be effective, it should have PAR values of 500-1500 μMol/m2/s.
quantitykind:PictureElement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PictureElement
smallest element of a display space (cell size) of a digitized two-dimensional field representation of an image which has an address (x and y coordinates corresponding to its position in the field) and a specific brightness value
quantitykind:PlanarForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanarForce
Another name for Force Per Area, used by the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard.
quantitykind:PlanckFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction
The \(\textit{Planck function}\) is used to compute the radiance emitted from objects that radiate like a perfect "Black Body". The inverse of the \(\textit{Planck Function}\) is used to find the \(\textit{Brightness Temperature}\) of an object. The precise formula for the Planck Function depends on whether the radiance is determined on a \(\textit{per unit wavelength}\) or a \(\textit{per unit frequency}\). In the ISO System of Quantities, \(\textit{Planck Function}\) is defined by the formula: \(Y = -G/T\), where \(G\) is Gibbs Energy and \(T\) is thermodynamic temperature.
quantitykind:PlaneAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle
The inclination to each other of two intersecting lines, measured by the arc of a circle intercepted between the two lines forming the angle, the center of the circle being the point of intersection. An acute angle is less than \(90^\circ\), a right angle \(90^\circ\); an obtuse angle, more than \(90^\circ\) but less than \(180^\circ\); a straight angle, \(180^\circ\); a reflex angle, more than \(180^\circ\) but less than \(360^\circ\); a perigon, \(360^\circ\). Any angle not a multiple of \(90^\circ\) is an oblique angle. If the sum of two angles is \(90^\circ\), they are complementary angles; if \(180^\circ\), supplementary angles; if \(360^\circ\), explementary angles.
quantitykind:PoissonRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoissonRatio
The Poisson Ratio is the negative ratio of transverse to axial strain. In fact, when a sample object is stretched (or squeezed), to an extension (or contraction) in the direction of the applied load, it corresponds a contraction (or extension) in a direction perpendicular to the applied load. The ratio between these two quantities is the Poisson's ratio.
quantitykind:PolarMomentOfInertia
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PolarMomentOfInertia
The polar moment of inertia is a quantity used to predict an object's ability to resist torsion, in objects (or segments of objects) with an invariant circular cross-section and no significant warping or out-of-plane deformation. It is used to calculate the angular displacement of an object subjected to a torque. It is analogous to the area moment of inertia, which characterizes an object's ability to resist bending.
quantitykind:Polarizability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Polarizability
Maß für die Deformierbarkeit der Elektronenhülle von Molekülen und Atomen
quantitykind:PolarizationField
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PolarizationField
The Polarization Field is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. The polarization vector P is defined as the ratio of electric dipole moment per unit volume.
quantitykind:Population
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Population
Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world, but can also represent the number of any kind of entity.
quantitykind:PositionVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector
A "Position Vector", also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector which represents the position of a point P in space in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O.
quantitykind:PositiveDimensionlessRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositiveDimensionlessRatio
A "Positive Dimensionless Ratio" is a dimensionless ratio that is greater than zero
quantitykind:PositiveLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositiveLength
"PositiveLength" is a measure of length strictly greater than zero.
quantitykind:PositivePlaneAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositivePlaneAngle
A "PositivePlaneAngle" is a plane angle strictly greater than zero.
quantitykind:PotentialEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy
Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position in a gravity field in contrast with kinetic energy, that possessed by virtue of its motion.
quantitykind:Power
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power
Power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted, or the amount of energy required or expended for a given unit of time. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power is: \(P = W/t\), where \(P\) is power, \(W\) is work and {t} is time.
quantitykind:PowerAreaPerSolidAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerAreaPerSolidAngle
quantitykind:PowerConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerConstant
ratio indicating the relationship between continuous power and continuous current
quantitykind:PowerFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor
"Power Factor", under periodic conditions, is the ratio of the absolute value of the active power \(P\) to the apparent power \(S\).
quantitykind:PowerPerAreaAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerPerAreaAngle
quantitykind:PowerPerAreaQuarticTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerPerAreaQuarticTemperature
quantitykind:PowerPerElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerPerElectricCharge
"Power Per Electric Charge" is the amount of energy generated by a unit of electric charge.
quantitykind:PoyntingVector
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector
"Poynting Vector} is the vector product of the electric field strength \mathbf{E} and the magnetic field strength \mathbf{H" of the electromagnetic field at a given point. The flux of the Poynting vector through a closed surface is equal to the electromagnetic power passing through this surface. For a periodic electromagnetic field, the time average of the Poynting vector is a vector of which, with certain reservations, the direction may be considered as being the direction of propagation of electromagnetic energy and the magnitude considered as being the average electromagnetic power flux density.
quantitykind:Pressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure
Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of force acting on a unit area. Pressure is distinct from stress, as the former is the ratio of the component of force normal to a surface to the surface area. Stress is a tensor that relates the vector force to the vector area.
quantitykind:PressureBasedAmountOfSubstanceConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedAmountOfSubstanceConcentration
ratio between the amount-of-substance of a dissolved material and the mass of its solvent divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedDensity
ratio of density divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedDynamicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedDynamicViscosity
ratio of dynamic viscosity divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedElectricCurrent
ratio of electric current divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedElectricVoltage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedElectricVoltage
ratio of electric voltage divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedKinematicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedKinematicViscosity
ratio of dynamic viscosity and density of the material divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedLength
ratio of length divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedMass
ratio of mass divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedMassFlow
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedMassFlow
ratio of mass flow divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedMolality
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedMolality
ratio of molality divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedQuantity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedQuantity
quantitykind:PressureBasedTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedTemperature
ratio of temperature divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedVelocity
ratio of velocity divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedVolume
ratio of volume divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBasedVolumeFlow
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBasedVolumeFlow
ratio of volume flow divided by the related pressure
quantitykind:PressureBurningRateConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBurningRateConstant
quantitykind:PressureBurningRateIndex
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureBurningRateIndex
quantitykind:PressureCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient
quantitykind:PressureGradient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureGradient
differential pressure divided by the associated length
quantitykind:PressureInRelationToVolumeFlow
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureInRelationToVolumeFlow
ratio between pressure and the volume flow at a given cross-sectional area, passing through this cross-sectional area
quantitykind:PressureInRelationToVolumeFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureInRelationToVolumeFlowRate
quantitykind:PressureLossPerLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureLossPerLength
"Pressure Loss per Length" refers to the power lost in overcoming the friction between two moving surfaces. Also referred to as "Friction Loss".
quantitykind:PressurePercentage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressurePercentage
quantitykind:Prevalence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. (Wikipedia)
quantitykind:PrincipalQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber
The "Principal Quantum Number" describes the electron shell, or energy level, of an atom. The value of \(n\) ranges from 1 to the shell containing the outermost electron of that atom.
quantitykind:PropagationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient
The propagation constant, symbol \(\gamma\), for a given system is defined by the ratio of the amplitude at the source of the wave to the amplitude at some distance x.
quantitykind:PropellantBurnRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropellantBurnRate
quantitykind:PropellantMeanBulkTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropellantMeanBulkTemperature
quantitykind:PropellantTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropellantTemperature
quantitykind:QualityFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor
"Quality Factor", of a resonant circuit, is a measure of the "goodness" or quality of a resonant circuit. A higher value for this figure of merit correspondes to a more narrow bandwith, which is desirable in many applications. More formally, \(Q\) is the ratio of power stored to power dissipated in the circuit reactance and resistance, respectively
quantitykind:QuantityOfLight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantityOfLight
work of a light source provided in the form of light as the product of the luminous flux Φ produced by the light source and the time t for which this is radiated
quantitykind:QuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber
The "Quantum Number" describes values of conserved quantities in the dynamics of the quantum system. Perhaps the most peculiar aspect of quantum mechanics is the quantization of observable quantities, since quantum numbers are discrete sets of integers or half-integers.
quantitykind:QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy
quantitykind:RESERVE-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RESERVE-MASS
A quantity of mass held by Program/project management to mitigate the risk of over-predicted performance estimates, under predicted mass estimates, and future operational and mission specific requirements (program mass reserve, manager's mass reserve, launch window reserve, performance reserve, etc.).
quantitykind:RF-Power
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RF-Power
Radio-Frequency Power. Power level of electromagnetic waves alternating at the frequency of radio waves (up to 10^10 Hz).
quantitykind:RadialDistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance
In classical geometry, the "Radial Distance" is a coordinate in polar coordinate systems (r, \(\theta\)). Basically the radial distance is the scalar Euclidean distance between a point and the origin of the system of coordinates.
quantitykind:Radiance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radiance
"Radiance" is a radiometric measure that describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction.
quantitykind:RadianceFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadianceFactor
Radiance Factor is the ratio of the radiance of the surface element in the given direction to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically irradiated unit.
quantitykind:RadiantEmmitance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantEmmitance
Irradiance and Radiant Emittance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. "Irradiance" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. "Radiant emmitance" (or "radiant exitance") is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface.
quantitykind:RadiantEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantEnergy
In radiometry,"Radiant Energy} is the energy of electromagnetic waves. The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time. In nuclear physics, \textit{Radiant Energy" is energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
quantitykind:RadiantEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantEnergyDensity
"Radiant Energy Density", or radiant power, is the radiant energy per unit volume.
quantitykind:RadiantEnergyExposure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantEnergyExposure
quantitykind:RadiantExposure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantExposure
Radiant exposure is a measure of the total radiant energy incident on a surface per unit area; equal to the integral over time of the radiant flux density. Also known as exposure.
quantitykind:RadiantFluence
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFluence
Radiant fluence rate, or spherical irradiance, is equal to the total radiant flux incident on a small sphere divided by the area of the diametrical cross-section of the sphere.
quantitykind:RadiantFluenceRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFluenceRate
Radiant fluence rate, or spherical irradiance, is equal to the total radiant flux incident on a small sphere divided by the area of the diametrical cross-section of the sphere.
quantitykind:RadiantFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux
Radiant Flux, or radiant power, is the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light). The power may be the total emitted from a source, or the total landing on a particular surface.
quantitykind:RadiantIntensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantIntensity
Radiant Intensity is a measure of the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. It is defined as power per unit solid angle.
quantitykind:RadiativeHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiativeHeatTransfer
"Radiative Heat Transfer" is proportional to \((T_1^4 - T_2^4)\) and area of the surface, where \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) are thermodynamic temperatures of two black surfaces, for non totally black surfaces an additional factor less than 1 is needed.
quantitykind:RadioactiveDecay
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadioactiveDecay
quantitykind:Radioactivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radioactivity
number of spontaneous nuclear transformations in a defined amount of substance during a sufficiently small period of time divided by this period, expressed as a ratio ∂N/∂t, where ∂N is the expected value for the number of spontaneous transformations from this state within the time period ∂t
quantitykind:Radiosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radiosity
Radiosity is the total emitted and reflected radiation leaving a surface.
quantitykind:Radius
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius
In classical geometry, the "Radius" of a circle or sphere is any line segment from its center to its perimeter the radius of a circle or sphere is the length of any such segment.
quantitykind:RadiusOfCurvature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiusOfCurvature
In geometry, the "Radius of Curvature", R, of a curve at a point is a measure of the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point.
quantitykind:RankineTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RankineTemperature
quantity which uses a temperature scale with a zero value at the absolute temperature zero (0 K) like the Kelvin scale, but, in contrast with it, uses the scale intervals of the Fahrenheit scale
quantitykind:RateOfChangeOfTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RateOfChangeOfTemperature
difference between the highest and lowest temperatures measured over a certain period of time, divided by this period
quantitykind:RateOfRiseOfVoltage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RateOfRiseOfVoltage
quantitykind:RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
The specific heat ratio of a gas is the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure, \(c_p\), to the specific heat at constant volume, \(c_V\). It is sometimes referred to as the "adiabatic index} or the \textit{heat capacity ratio} or the \textit{isentropic expansion factor} or the \textit{adiabatic exponent} or the \textit{isentropic exponent".
quantitykind:Reactance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance
"Reactance" is the opposition of a circuit element to a change of electric current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. A built-up electric field resists the change of voltage on the element, while a magnetic field resists the change of current. The notion of reactance is similar to electrical resistance, but they differ in several respects. Capacitance and inductance are inherent properties of an element, just like resistance.
quantitykind:ReactionEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy
"Reaction Energy" in a nuclear reaction, is the sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.
quantitykind:ReactivePower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower
"Reactive Power}, for a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit, under sinusoidal conditions, is the quantity equal to the product of the apparent power \(S\) and the sine of the displacement angle \(\psi\). The absolute value of the reactive power is equal to the non-active power. The ISO (and SI) unit for reactive power is the voltampere. The special name \(\textit{var}\) and symbol \(\textit{var}\) are given in IEC 60027 1.
quantitykind:Reactivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactivity
"Reactivity" characterizes the deflection of reactor from the critical state.
quantitykind:ReactorTimeConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant
The "Reactor Time Constant", also called the reactor period, is the time during which the neutron flux density in a reactor changes by the factor e = 2.718 (e: basis of natural logarithms), when the neutron flux density increases or decreases exponentially.
quantitykind:ReciprocalElectricResistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReciprocalElectricResistance
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the resistance value
quantitykind:ReciprocalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReciprocalEnergy
multiplicative inverse of energy
quantitykind:ReciprocalPlaneAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReciprocalPlaneAngle
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the angle value
quantitykind:ReciprocalVoltage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReciprocalVoltage
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the voltage value
quantitykind:RecombinationCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient
The "Recombination Coefficient" is the rate of recombination of positive ions with electrons or negative ions in a gas, per unit volume, divided by the product of the number of positive ions per unit volume and the number of electrons or negative ions per unit volume.
quantitykind:Reflectance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reflectance
Reflectance generally refers to the fraction of incident power that is reflected at an interface, while the term "reflection coefficient" is used for the fraction of electric field reflected. Reflectance is always a real number between zero and 1.0.
quantitykind:ReflectanceFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReflectanceFactor
Reflectance Factor is the measure of the ability of a surface to reflect light or other electromagnetic radiation, equal to the ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux.
quantitykind:Reflectivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reflectivity
For homogeneous and semi-infinite materials, reflectivity is the same as reflectance. Reflectivity is the square of the magnitude of the Fresnel reflection coefficient, which is the ratio of the reflected to incident electric field; as such the reflection coefficient can be expressed as a complex number as determined by the Fresnel equations for a single layer, whereas the reflectance is always a positive real number.
For layered and finite media, according to the CIE, reflectivity is distinguished from reflectance by the fact that reflectivity is a value that applies to thick reflecting objects. When reflection occurs from thin layers of material, internal reflection effects can cause the reflectance to vary with surface thickness. Reflectivity is the limit value of reflectance as the sample becomes thick; it is the intrinsic reflectance of the surface, hence irrespective of other parameters such as the reflectance of the rear surface. Another way to interpret this is that the reflectance is the fraction of electromagnetic power reflected from a specific sample, while reflectivity is a property of the material itself, which would be measured on a perfect machine if the material filled half of all space.
quantitykind:RefractiveIndex
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex
"refractive index" or index of refraction n of a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through that medium.
quantitykind:RelativeAtomicMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeAtomicMass
"Relative Atomic Mass " is a dimensionless physical quantity, the ratio of the average mass of atoms of an element (from a given source) to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (known as the unified atomic mass unit)
quantitykind:RelativeHumidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity
\(\textit{Relative Humidity}\) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a prescribed temperature. The relative humidity of air depends not only on temperature but also on the pressure of the system of interest. \(\textit{Relative Humidity}\) is also referred to as \(\textit{Relative Partial Pressure}\). Relative partial pressure is often referred to as \(RH\) and expressed in percent.
quantitykind:RelativeLuminousFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeLuminousFlux
Relative Luminous Flux or Relative Luminous Power is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux, the measure of the total power of light emitted, in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. It is expressed as a percentage or fraction of full power.
quantitykind:RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour
"Relative Mass Concentration of Vapour" is one of a number of "Relative Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:RelativeMassDefect
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect
The "Relative Mass Defect" is the mass defect between the monoisotopic mass of an element and the mass of its A + 1 or its A + 2 isotopic cluster.
quantitykind:RelativeMassDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDensity
Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
quantitykind:RelativeMassExcess
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess
The "Relative Mass Excess" is the mass excess between the monoisotopic mass of an element and the mass of its A + 1 or its A + 2 isotopic cluster (extrapolated from relative mass defect).
quantitykind:RelativeMassRatioOfVapour
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassRatioOfVapour
"Relative Mass Ratio of Vapour" is one of a number of "Relative Concentration" quantities defined by ISO 8000.
quantitykind:RelativeMolecularMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMolecularMass
"Relative Molecular Mass " is equivalent to the numerical value of the molecular mass expressed in unified atomic mass units. The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a molecule.
quantitykind:RelativePartialPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePartialPressure
quantitykind:RelativePressureCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient
quantitykind:RelaxationTIme
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelaxationTIme
"Relaxation TIme" is a time constant for exponential decay towards equilibrium.
quantitykind:Reluctance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance
"Reluctance" or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis of magnetic circuits. It is analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, but rather than dissipating electric energy it stores magnetic energy. In likeness to the way an electric field causes an electric current to follow the path of least resistance, a magnetic field causes magnetic flux to follow the path of least magnetic reluctance. It is a scalar, extensive quantity, akin to electrical resistance.
quantitykind:Repetency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Repetency
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the length value
quantitykind:ResidualResistivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity
"Residual Resistivity" for metals, is the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.
quantitykind:Resistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the passage of a steady electric current.
quantitykind:ResistanceBasedInductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResistanceBasedInductance
magnetic flux through the loop, caused by an electric current in the loop, divided by the product of this current and the resistance which prevents the flow of current
quantitykind:ResistancePercentage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResistancePercentage
quantitykind:ResistanceRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResistanceRatio
quantitykind:Resistivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity
"Resistivity" is the inverse of the conductivity when this inverse exists.
quantitykind:ResonanceEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy
"Resonance Energy" in a nuclear reaction, is the kinetic energy of an incident particle, in the reference frame of the target, corresponding to a resonance in a nuclear reaction.
quantitykind:ResonanceEscapeProbability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability
The "Resonance Escape Probability" is the fraction of fission neutrons that manage to slow down from fission to thermal energies without being absorbed. In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.
quantitykind:ResonanceEscapeProbabilityForFission
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbabilityForFission
Fraction of fission neutrons that manage to slow down from fission to thermal energies without being absorbed.
quantitykind:RespiratoryRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RespiratoryRate
Respiratory rate (Vf, Rf or RR) is also known by respiration rate, pulmonary ventilation rate, ventilation rate, or breathing frequency is the number of breaths taken within a set amount of time, typically 60 seconds. A normal respiratory rate is termed eupnea, an increased respiratory rate is termed tachypnea and a lower than normal respiratory rate is termed bradypnea.
quantitykind:RestEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestEnergy
"Rest Energy" is the energy equivalent of the rest mass of a body, equal to the rest mass multiplied by the speed of light squared.
quantitykind:RestMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass
The \(\textit{Rest Mass}\), the invariant mass, intrinsic mass, proper mass, or (in the case of bound systems or objects observed in their center of momentum frame) simply mass, is a characteristic of the total energy and momentum of an object or a system of objects that is the same in all frames of reference related by Lorentz transformations. The mass of a particle type X (electron, proton or neutron) when that particle is at rest. For an electron: \(m_e = 9,109 382 15(45) 10^{-31} kg\), for a proton: \(m_p = 1,672 621 637(83) 10^{-27} kg\), for a neutron: \(m_n = 1,674 927 211(84) 10^{-27} kg\). Rest mass is often denoted \(m_0\).
quantitykind:ReverberationTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReverberationTime
Reverberation Time is the time required for reflections of a direct sound to decay by 60 dB below the level of the direct sound.
quantitykind:ReynoldsNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReynoldsNumber
The "Reynolds Number" (Re) is a dimensionless number that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and consequently quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.
quantitykind:RichardsonConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant
"Richardson Constant" is a constant used in developing thermionic emission current density for a metal.
quantitykind:RiseOfOffStateVoltage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RiseOfOffStateVoltage
du/dt as time dependent change in voltage
quantitykind:RocketAtmosphericTransverseForce
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RocketAtmosphericTransverseForce
Transverse force on rocket due to an atmosphere
quantitykind:Rotary-TranslatoryMotionConversion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Rotary-TranslatoryMotionConversion
quantitykind:RotaryShock
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RotaryShock
product of the moment of force M in a time interval multiplied by the duration of this interval
quantitykind:RotationalMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RotationalMass
"Rotational Mass" denotes the inertia of a body with respect to angular acceleration. It is usually measured in kg*m^2.
quantitykind:RotationalStiffness
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RotationalStiffness
Rotational Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied torque.
quantitykind:ScalarMagneticPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ScalarMagneticPotential
"Scalar Magnetic Potential" is the scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. The negative of the gradient of the scalar magnetic potential is the irrotational magnetic field strength. The magnetic scalar potential is not unique since any constant scalar field can be added to it without changing its gradient.
quantitykind:SecondAxialMomentOfArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea
The moment of inertia, also called mass moment of inertia, rotational inertia, polar moment of inertia of mass, or the angular mass is a property of a distribution of mass in space that measures its resistance to rotational acceleration about an axis.
quantitykind:SecondMomentOfArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondMomentOfArea
The second moment of area is a property of a physical object that can be used to predict its resistance to bending and deflection. The deflection of an object under load depends not only on the load, but also on the geometry of the object's cross-section.
quantitykind:SecondOrderReactionRateConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondOrderReactionRateConstant
A quantity kind that is a proportionality constant that quantifies the relationship between the molar concentrations of the reactants and the rate of a second order chemical reaction.
quantitykind:SecondPolarMomentOfArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea
The moment of inertia, also called mass moment of inertia, rotational inertia, polar moment of inertia of mass, or the angular mass is a property of a distribution of mass in space that measures its resistance to rotational acceleration about an axis.
quantitykind:SecondRadiationConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondRadiationConstant
constant in Planck's radiation law on the dependence of the spectral density of various radiation variables on the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and the absolute temperature of the black radiator, derived from the product of Planck's quantum of action times the velocity of light in relation to Boltzmann's constant
quantitykind:SecondStageMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondStageMassRatio
Mass ratio for the second stage of a multistage launcher.
quantitykind:SectionAreaIntegral
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionAreaIntegral
The sectional area integral measure is typically used in torsional analysis. It is usually measured in M⁵.
quantitykind:SectionModulus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus
The Section Modulus is a geometric property for a given cross-section used in the design of beams or flexural members.
quantitykind:SeebeckCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient
"Seebeck Coefficient", or thermopower, or thermoelectric power of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material.
quantitykind:SerumOrPlasmaLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SerumOrPlasmaLevel
quantitykind:ShearModulus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus
The Shear Modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by \(G\), or sometimes \(S\) or \(\mu\), is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
quantitykind:ShearStrain
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain
Shear Strain is the amount of deformation perpendicular to a given line rather than parallel to it.
quantitykind:ShearStress
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStress
Shear stress occurs when the force occurs in shear, or perpendicular to the normal.
quantitykind:Short-RangeOrderParameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter
"Short-Range Order Parameter" is the fraction of the nearest-neighbor atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
quantitykind:SignalDetectionThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SignalDetectionThreshold
quantitykind:SignalStrength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SignalStrength
In telecommunications, particularly in radio, signal strength refers to the magnitude of the electric field at a reference point that is a significant distance from the transmitting antenna. It may also be referred to as received signal level or field strength. Typically, it is expressed in voltage per length or signal power received by a reference antenna. High-powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are expressed in dB-millivolts per metre (dBmV/m).
quantitykind:SingleStageLauncherMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SingleStageLauncherMassRatio
quantitykind:Slowing-DownArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea
"Slowing-Down Area" in an infinite homogenous medium, is one-sixth of the mean square distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.
quantitykind:Slowing-DownDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity
"Slowing-Down Density" is a measure of the rate at which neutrons lose energy in a nuclear reactor through collisions; equal to the number of neutrons that fall below a given energy per unit volume per unit time.
quantitykind:Slowing-DownLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength
"Slowing-Down Length" is the average straight-line distance that a fast neutron will travel between its introduction into the slowing-downmedium (moderator) and thermalization.
quantitykind:SoilAdsorptionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoilAdsorptionCoefficient
A specific volume that is the ratio of the amount of substance adsorbed per unit weight of organic carbon in the soil or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in aqueous solution at equilibrium.
quantitykind:SolidAngle
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle
The solid angle subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area of a unit sphere covered by the surface S's projection onto the sphere. A solid angle is related to the surface of a sphere in the same way an ordinary angle is related to the circumference of a circle. Since the total surface area of the unit sphere is 4*pi, the measure of solid angle will always be between 0 and 4*pi.
quantitykind:SolidStateDiffusionLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength
"Solid State Diffusion Length" is the average distance traveled by a particle, such as a minority carrier in a semiconductor
quantitykind:Solubility_Water
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Solubility_Water
An amount of substance per unit volume that is the concentration of a saturated solution expressed as the ratio of the solute concentration over the volume of water. A substance's solubility fundamentally depends on several physical and chemical properties of the solution as well as the environment it is in.
quantitykind:SoundEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundEnergyDensity
Sound energy density is the time-averaged sound energy in a given volume divided by that volume. The sound energy density or sound density (symbol \(E\) or \(w\)) is an adequate measure to describe the sound field at a given point as a sound energy value.
quantitykind:SoundExposure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundExposure
Sound Exposure is the energy of the A-weighted sound calculated over the measurement time(s). For a given period of time, an increase of 10 dB(A) in sound pressure level corresponds to a tenfold increase in E.
quantitykind:SoundExposureLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundExposureLevel
Sound Exposure Level abbreviated as \(SEL\) and \(LAE\), is the total noise energy produced from a single noise event, expressed as a logarithmic ratio from a reference level.
quantitykind:SoundIntensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundIntensity
Sound intensity or acoustic intensity (\(I\)) is defined as the sound power \(P_a\) per unit area \(A\). The usual context is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.
quantitykind:SoundParticleAcceleration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundParticleAcceleration
In a compressible sound transmission medium - mainly air - air particles get an accelerated motion: the particle acceleration or sound acceleration with the symbol a in \(m/s2\). In acoustics or physics, acceleration (symbol: \(a\)) is defined as the rate of change (or time derivative) of velocity.
quantitykind:SoundParticleDisplacement
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundParticleDisplacement
Sound Particle Displacement is the nstantaneous displacement of a particle in a medium from what would be its position in the absence of sound waves.
quantitykind:SoundParticleVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundParticleVelocity
Sound Particle velocity is the velocity v of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. In many cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure as with sound, but it can also be a transverse wave as with the vibration of a taut string. When applied to a sound wave through a medium of a fluid like air, particle velocity would be the physical speed of a parcel of fluid as it moves back and forth in the direction the sound wave is travelling as it passes.
quantitykind:SoundPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundPower
Sound power or acoustic power \(P_a\) is a measure of sonic energy \(E\) per time \(t\) unit. It is measured in watts and can be computed as sound intensity (\(I\)) times area (\(A\)).
quantitykind:SoundPowerLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundPowerLevel
Sound Power Level abbreviated as \(SWL\) expresses sound power more practically as a relation to the threshold of hearing - 1 picoW - in a logarithmic scale.
quantitykind:SoundPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundPressure
Sound Pressure is the difference between instantaneous total pressure and static pressure.
quantitykind:SoundPressureLevel
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundPressureLevel
Sound pressure level (\(SPL\)) or sound level is a logarithmic measure of the effective sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value. It is measured in decibels (dB) above a standard reference level.
quantitykind:SoundReductionIndex
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundReductionIndex
The Sound Reduction Index is used to measure the level of sound insulation provided by a structure such as a wall, window, door, or ventilator.
quantitykind:SoundVolumeVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SoundVolumeVelocity
Sound Volume Velocity is the product of particle velocity \(v\) and the surface area \(S\) through which an acoustic wave of frequency \(f\) propagates. Also, the surface integral of the normal component of the sound particle velocity over the cross-section (through which the sound propagates). It is used to calculate acoustic impedance.
quantitykind:SourceVoltage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage
"Source Voltage}, also referred to as \textit{Source Tension" is the voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. The name "electromotive force} with the abbreviation \textit{EMF" and the symbol \(E\) is deprecated.
quantitykind:SourceVoltageBetweenSubstances
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltageBetweenSubstances
"Source Voltage Between Substances" is the source voltage between substance a and b.
quantitykind:SpatialSummationFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpatialSummationFunction
"Spatial Summation Function" is he ability to produce a composite signal from the signals coming into the eyes from different directions.
quantitykind:SpecificAcousticImpedance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificAcousticImpedance
quantitykind:SpecificActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity
The "Specific Activity" is the number of decays per unit time of a radioactive sample. The SI unit of radioactive activity is the becquerel (Bq), in honor of the scientist Henri Becquerel.
quantitykind:SpecificElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificElectricCharge
Electric charge (often capacity in the context of electrochemical cells) relativ to the mass (often only active components). capacity
quantitykind:SpecificElectricCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificElectricCurrent
"Specific Electric Current" is a measure to specify the applied current relative to a corresponding mass. This measure is often used for standardization within electrochemistry.
quantitykind:SpecificEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy
\(\textbf{Specific Energy}\) is defined as the energy per unit mass. Common metric units are \(J/kg\). It is an intensive property. Contrast this with energy, which is an extensive property. There are two main types of specific energy: potential energy and specific kinetic energy. Others are the \(\textbf{gray}\) and \(\textbf{sievert}\), which are measures for the absorption of radiation. The concept of specific energy applies to a particular or theoretical way of extracting useful energy from the material considered that is usually implied by context. These intensive properties are each symbolized by using the lower case letter of the symbol for the corresponding extensive property, which is symbolized by a capital letter. For example, the extensive thermodynamic property enthalpy is symbolized by \(H\); specific enthalpy is symbolized by \(h\).
quantitykind:SpecificEnergyImparted
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted
The "Specific Energy Imparted", is the energy imparted to an element of irradiated matter divided by the mass, dm, of that element.
quantitykind:SpecificEnthalpy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy
\(\textit{Specific Enthalpy}\) is enthalpy per mass of substance involved. Specific enthalpy is denoted by a lower case h, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg). In thermodynamics, \(\textit{enthalpy}\) is the sum of the internal energy U and the product of pressure p and volume V of a system: \(H = U + pV\). The internal energy U and the work term pV have dimension of energy, in SI units this is joule; the extensive (linear in size) quantity H has the same dimension.
quantitykind:SpecificEntropy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy
"Specific Entropy" is entropy per unit of mass.
quantitykind:SpecificGibbsEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy
Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. A corresponding intensive property is "Specific Gibbs Energy}, which is \textit{Gibbs Energy} per mass of substance involved. \textit{Specific Gibbs Energy" is denoted by a lower case g, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg).
quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity
"Specific Heat Capacity} of a solid or liquid is defined as the heat required to raise unit mass of substance by one degree of temperature. This is \textit{Heat Capacity} divied by \textit{Mass". Note that there are corresponding molar quantities.
quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
Specific heat at a constant pressure.
quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
Specific heat per constant volume.
quantitykind:SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation
Specific heat per constant volume.
quantitykind:SpecificHeatPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatPressure
Specific heat at a constant pressure.
quantitykind:SpecificHeatVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatVolume
Specific heat per constant volume.
quantitykind:SpecificHeatsRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatsRatio
The ratio of specific heats, for the exhaust gases adiabatic gas constant, is the relative amount of compression/expansion energy that goes into temperature \(T\) versus pressure \(P\) can be characterized by the heat capacity ratio: \(\gamma\frac{C_P}{C_V}\), where \(C_P\) is the specific heat (also called heat capacity) at constant pressure, while \(C_V\) is the specific heat at constant volume.
quantitykind:SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. A corresponding intensive property is \(\textit{Specific Helmholtz Energy}\), which is \(\textit{Helmholz Energy}\) per mass of substance involved.\( \textit{Specific Helmholz Energy}\) is denoted by a lower case u, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg).
quantitykind:SpecificImpulse
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificImpulse
The impulse produced by a rocket divided by the mass \(mp\) of propellant consumed. Specific impulse \({I_{sp}}\) is a widely used measure of performance for chemical, nuclear, and electric rockets. It is usually given in seconds for both U.S. Customary and International System (SI) units. The impulse produced by a rocket is the thrust force \(F\) times its duration \(t\) in seconds. \(I_{sp}\) is the thrust per unit mass flowrate, but with \(g_o\), is the thrust per weight flowrate. The specific impulse is given by the equation: \(I_{sp} = \frac{F}{\dot{m}g_o}\).
quantitykind:SpecificImpulseByMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificImpulseByMass
quantitykind:SpecificImpulseByWeight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificImpulseByWeight
quantitykind:SpecificInternalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy
Energy has corresponding intensive (size-independent) properties for pure materials. A corresponding intensive property is specific internal energy, which is energy per mass of substance involved. Specific internal energy is denoted by a lower case u, with dimension of energy per mass (SI unit: joule/kg).
quantitykind:SpecificModulus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificModulus
Specific modulus is a materials property consisting of the elastic modulus per mass density of a material. It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness. High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is required. The dimensional analysis yields units of distance squared per time squared.
quantitykind:SpecificOpticalRotationalAbility
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificOpticalRotationalAbility
materialspezifische Größe, die sich als Drehwinkel einer Substanz für eine bestimmte Wellenlänge und eine bestimmte Temperatur ergibt durch die Beziehung: Quotient aus gemessener Drehwinkel dividiert durch die Massenkonzentration und die durchstrahlte Wegstrecke
quantitykind:SpecificOpticalRotatoryPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificOpticalRotatoryPower
The "Specific Optical Rotatory Power" Angle of optical rotation divided by the optical path length through the medium and by the mass concentration of the substance giving the specific optical rotatory power.
quantitykind:SpecificPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificPower
Specific power, also known as power-to-weight ratio, is the amount of power output per unit mass of the power source. It is generally used to measure the performance of that power source. The higher the ratio, the more power a system produces relative to its weight. It's commonly used in the automotive and aerospace industries to compare the performance of different engines. It's generally measured in watts per kilogram (W/kg) or horsepower per pound (hp/lb).
quantitykind:SpecificSurfaceArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificSurfaceArea
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, (with units of m2/kg or m2/g). It is a physical value that can be used to determine the type and properties of a material (e.g. soil or snow). It has a particular importance for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactions on surfaces.
quantitykind:SpecificThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificThrust
Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. It represents the force with respect to the amount of propellant used per unit time.[1] If the "amount" of propellant is given in terms of mass (such as kilograms), then specific impulse has units of velocity. If it is given in terms of Earth-weight (such as kiloponds), then specific impulse has units of time. The conversion constant between the two versions of specific impulse is g. The higher the specific impulse, the lower the propellant flow rate required for a given thrust, and in the case of a rocket the less propellant is needed for a given delta-v per the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation.
quantitykind:SpecificVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume
"Specific Volume" (\(\nu\)) is the volume occupied by a unit of mass of a material. It is equal to the inverse of density.
quantitykind:SpectralAngularCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection
"Spectral Angular Cross-section" is the cross-section for ejecting or scattering a particle into an elementary cone with energy \(E\) in an energy interval, divided by the solid angle \(d\Omega\) of that cone and the range \(dE\) of that interval.
quantitykind:SpectralConcentrationOfRadiantEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralConcentrationOfRadiantEnergyDensity
energy distribution of the instantaneous value of radiant energy in relation to the volume of the propagation medium
quantitykind:SpectralConcentrationOfVibrationalModes
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralConcentrationOfVibrationalModes
number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, divided by the size of that interval and by volume
quantitykind:SpectralCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection
"Spectral Cross-section" is the cross-section for a process in which the energy of the ejected or scattered particle is in an interval of energy, divided by the range \(dE\) of this interval.
quantitykind:SpectralDensityOfVibrationalModes
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralDensityOfVibrationalModes
quantitykind:SpectralLuminousEfficiency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralLuminousEfficiency
The Spectral Luminous Efficiency is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light. It is the ratio of luminous flux to power. A common choice is to choose units such that the maximum possible efficacy, 683 lm/W, corresponds to an efficiency of 100%.
quantitykind:SpectralRadiantEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralRadiantEnergyDensity
"Spectral Radiant Energy Density" is the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length).
quantitykind:SpectralRadiantEnergyDensityInTermsOfWavelength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralRadiantEnergyDensityInTermsOfWavelength
quantitykind:Speed
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed
Speed is the magnitude of velocity.
quantitykind:SpeedOfLight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpeedOfLight
The quantity kind \(\textbf{Speed of Light}\) is the speed of electomagnetic waves in a given medium.
quantitykind:SpeedOfSound
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpeedOfSound
The speed of sound is the distance travelled during a unit of time by a sound wave propagating through an elastic medium.
quantitykind:SphericalIlluminance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SphericalIlluminance
Spherical illuminance is equal to quotient of the total luminous flux \(\Phi_v\) incident on a small sphere by the cross section area of that sphere.
quantitykind:Spin
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin
In quantum mechanics and particle physics "Spin" is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.
quantitykind:SpinQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber
The "Spin Quantum Number" describes the spin (intrinsic angular momentum) of the electron within that orbital, and gives the projection of the spin angular momentum S along the specified axis
quantitykind:StagePropellantMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StagePropellantMass
quantitykind:StageStructuralMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StageStructuralMass
quantitykind:StandardAbsoluteActivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity
The "Standard Absolute Activity" is proportional to the absoulte activity of the pure substance \(B\) at the same temperature and pressure multiplied by the standard pressure.
quantitykind:StandardChemicalPotential
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential
"Standard Chemical Potential" is the value of the chemical potential at standard conditions
quantitykind:StandardGravitationalParameter
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardGravitationalParameter
In celestial mechanics the standard gravitational parameter of a celestial body is the product of the gravitational constant G and the mass M of the body. Expressed as \(\mu = G \cdot M\). The SI units of the standard gravitational parameter are \(m^{3}s^{-2}\).
quantitykind:StateDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StateDensity
function of energy in a solid, determined by the number of permissible quantum states in the energy range between E and E+dE per volume of material of this solid
quantitykind:StateDensityAsExpressionOfAngularFrequency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StateDensityAsExpressionOfAngularFrequency
ratio between number of vibration modes in an infinitesimal interval of the angular frequency and the length of this interval and the volume
quantitykind:StaticFriction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction
Static friction is friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface.
quantitykind:StaticFrictionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFrictionCoefficient
Static friction is friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface.
quantitykind:StaticPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticPressure
"Static Pressure" is the pressure at a nominated point in a fluid. Every point in a steadily flowing fluid, regardless of the fluid speed at that point, has its own static pressure \(P\), dynamic pressure \(q\), and total pressure \(P_0\). The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, that is \(P_0 = P + q\).
quantitykind:StatisticalWeight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StatisticalWeight
A "Statistical Weight" is the relative probability (possibly unnormalized) of a particular feature of a state.
quantitykind:StochasticProcess
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StochasticProcess
In probability theory, a stochastic process, or sometimes random process is a collection of random variables; this is often used to represent the evolution of some random value, or system, over time. This is the probabilistic counterpart to a deterministic process (or deterministic system).
quantitykind:StoichiometricNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber
Chemical reactions, as macroscopic unit operations, consist of simply a very large number of elementary reactions, where a single molecule reacts with another molecule. As the reacting molecules (or moieties) consist of a definite set of atoms in an integer ratio, the ratio between reactants in a complete reaction is also in integer ratio. A reaction may consume more than one molecule, and the "Stoichiometric Number" counts this number, defined as positive for products (added) and negative for reactants (removed).
quantitykind:Strain
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain
In any branch of science dealing with materials and their behaviour, strain is the geometrical expression of deformation caused by the action of stress on a physical body. Strain is calculated by first assuming a change between two body states: the beginning state and the final state. Then the difference in placement of two points in this body in those two states expresses the numerical value of strain. Strain therefore expresses itself as a change in size and/or shape. [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:StrainEnergyDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StrainEnergyDensity
Defined as the 'work done' for a given strain, that is the area under the stress-strain curve after a specified eation. Source(s): http://www.prepol.com/product-range/product-subpages/terminology
quantitykind:Stress
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface within a deformable body on which internal forces act. In other words, it is a measure of the intensity or internal distribution of the total internal forces acting within a deformable body across imaginary surfaces. These internal forces are produced between the particles in the body as a reaction to external forces applied on the body. Stress is defined as \({\rm{Stress}} = \frac{F}{A}\).
quantitykind:StressIntensityFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StressIntensityFactor
In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor (K) is used to predict the stress state ("stress intensity") near the tip of a crack or notch caused by a remote load or residual stresses. It is a theoretical construct usually applied to a homogeneous, linear elastic material and is useful for providing a failure criterion for brittle materials, and is a critical technique in the discipline of damage tolerance. The concept can also be applied to materials that exhibit small-scale yielding at a crack tip.
quantitykind:StressOpticCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StressOpticCoefficient
When a ray of light passes through a photoelastic material, its electromagnetic wave components are resolved along the two principal stress directions and each component experiences a different refractive index due to the birefringence. The difference in the refractive indices leads to a relative phase retardation between the two components. Assuming a thin specimen made of isotropic materials, where two-dimensional photoelasticity is applicable, the magnitude of the relative retardation is given by the stress-optic law Δ=((2πt)/λ)C(σ₁-σ₂), where Δ is the induced retardation, C is the stress-optic coefficient, t is the specimen thickness, λ is the vacuum wavelength, and σ₁ and σ₂ are the first and second principal stresses, respectively.
quantitykind:StructuralEfficiency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructuralEfficiency
Structural efficiency is a function of the weight of structure to the afforded vehicle's strength.
quantitykind:StructureFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor
"Structure Factor" is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation.
quantitykind:SunProtectionFactorOfAProduct
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SunProtectionFactorOfAProduct
quantitykind:SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
"Superconduction Transition Temperature" is the critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.
quantitykind:SuperconductorEnergyGap
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap
"Superconductor Energy Gap" is the width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.
quantitykind:SurfaceActivityDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity
The "Surface Activity Density" is undefined.
quantitykind:SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
quantitykind:SurfaceDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity
The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, or superficial density) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area.
quantitykind:SurfaceRelatedVolumeFlow
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceRelatedVolumeFlow
quotient of the volume of a material, which passes through a specified surface, and the therefor required time divided by this specified area
quantitykind:SurfaceTension
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension
"Surface Tension" is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force.
quantitykind:SurgeImpedanceOfTheMedium
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurgeImpedanceOfTheMedium
in einem mechanischen System der flächenbezogene Quotient einer an einem Punkt angreifenden Kraft durch die resultierende Komponente der Teilchengeschwindigkeit in Richtung der Kraft
quantitykind:Susceptance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance
"Susceptance" is the imaginary part of admittance. The inverse of admittance is impedance and the real part of admittance is conductance.
quantitykind:SymbolTransmissionRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SymbolTransmissionRate
rate, at which a symbol, consisting of one or more bits, is transmitted per second
quantitykind:SystolicBloodPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SystolicBloodPressure
The pressure of blood in the arteries which rises to a maximum as blood is pumped out by the left ventricle (systole) and drops to a minimum in diastole. The systolic/diastolic pressure is normally ~120/80 mmHg in a young adult.
quantitykind:TARGET-BOGIE-MASS
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TARGET-BOGIE-MASS
An informal mass limit established by a Project Office (at the Element Integrated Product Team (IPT) level or below) to control mass.
quantitykind:Temperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot. Heat spontaneously flows from bodies of a higher temperature to bodies of lower temperature, at a rate that increases with the temperature difference and the thermal conductivity.
quantitykind:TemperatureAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureAmountOfSubstance
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedAmountOfSubstanceConcentration
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedAmountOfSubstanceConcentration
ratio of material concentration divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedDensity
ratio of density divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedDynamicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedDynamicViscosity
ratio of dynamic viscosity, divided by temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedKinematicViscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedKinematicViscosity
ratio of dynamic viscosity and the density of a material, divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedLength
ratio of length divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedMass
ratio of mass divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedMassFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedMassFlowRate
ratio of mass flow divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedQuantity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedQuantity
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedVelocity
ratio of velocity divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureBasedVolumeFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureBasedVolumeFlowRate
ratio of volume flow divided by the related temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureDifference
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureDifference
quantitykind:TemperatureGradient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureGradient
The temperature gradient measures the difference of a temperature per length, as for instance used in an external wall or its layers. It is usually measured in K/m.
quantitykind:TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity
quantitykind:TemperaturePerTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperaturePerTime
quantitykind:TemperaturePerTime_Squared
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperaturePerTime_Squared
quantitykind:TemperatureRateOfChange
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureRateOfChange
The "Temperature Rate of Change" measures the difference of a temperature per time (positive: rise, negative: fall), as for instance used with heat sensors. It is for example measured in K/s.
quantitykind:TemperatureRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureRatio
quantitykind:TemperatureRelatedMolarMass
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureRelatedMolarMass
molarity (mass of a substance in relation to the amount of this substance) divided by temperature
quantitykind:TemperatureRelatedVolume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemperatureRelatedVolume
volume divided by temperature
quantitykind:TemporalSummationFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TemporalSummationFunction
"Temporal Summation Function" is the ability of the human eye to produce a composite signal from the signals coming into an eye during a short time interval.
quantitykind:ThermalAdmittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalAdmittance
The heat transfer coefficient is also known as thermal admittance in the sense that the material may be seen as admitting heat to flow.
quantitykind:ThermalCapacitance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalCapacitance
ratio between the supplied quantity of heat and the temperature range caused by the supplied quantity of heat
quantitykind:ThermalCoefficientOfLinearExpansion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalCoefficientOfLinearExpansion
median relative change in length over a specific length of the test piece, divided by the temperature range caused by it
quantitykind:ThermalConductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance
This quantity is also called "Heat Transfer Coefficient".
quantitykind:ThermalConductivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity
In physics, thermal conductivity, \(k\) (also denoted as \(\lambda\)), is the property of a material's ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction and is the areic heat flow rate divided by temperature gradient.
quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor
Thermal diffusion is a phenomenon in which a temperature gradient in a mixture of fluids gives rise to a flow of one constituent relative to the mixture as a whole. in the context of the equation that describes thermal diffusion, the "Thermal Diffusion Factor" is .
quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio
The "Thermal Diffusion Ratio" is proportional to the product of the component concentrations.
quantitykind:ThermalDiffusionRatioCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatioCoefficient
The "Thermal Diffusion Coefficient" is .
quantitykind:ThermalDiffusivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity
In heat transfer analysis, thermal diffusivity (usually denoted \(\alpha\) but \(a\), \(\kappa\),\(k\), and \(D\) are also used) is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. The formula is: \(\alpha = {k \over {\rho c_p}}\), where k is thermal conductivity (\(W/(\mu \cdot K)\)), \(\rho\) is density (\(kg/m^{3}\)), and \(c_p\) is specific heat capacity (\(\frac{J}{(kg \cdot K)}\)) .The denominator \(\rho c_p\), can be considered the volumetric heat capacity (\(\frac{J}{(m^{3} \cdot K)}\)).
quantitykind:ThermalEfficiency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency
Thermal efficiency is a dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a furnace. The input to the device is heat, or the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is mechanical work, or heat, or possibly both.
quantitykind:ThermalEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEnergy
"Thermal Energy} is the portion of the thermodynamic or internal energy of a system that is responsible for the temperature of the system. From a macroscopic thermodynamic description, the thermal energy of a system is given by its constant volume specific heat capacity C(T), a temperature coefficient also called thermal capacity, at any given absolute temperature (T): \(U_{thermal} = C(T) \cdot T\).
quantitykind:ThermalEnergyLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEnergyLength
quantitykind:ThermalExpansionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalExpansionCoefficient
The "Thermal Expansion Coefficient" is a measure of the thermal expansion coefficient of a material, which expresses its elongation (as a ratio) per temperature difference. It is usually measured in 1/K. A positive elongation per (positive) rise of temperature is expressed by a positive value.
quantitykind:ThermalInsulance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance
\(\textit{Thermal Insulance}\) is the reduction of heat transfer (the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. In building technology, this quantity is often called \(\textit{Thermal Resistance}\), with the symbol \(R\).
quantitykind:ThermalInsulation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulation
temperature difference between two surfaces divided by areic heat flow rate in the direction of the temperature gradient
quantitykind:ThermalResistance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance
\(\textit{Thermal Resistance}\) is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. the thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. Thermal resistance \(R\) has the units \(\frac{m^2 \cdot K}{W}\).
quantitykind:ThermalResistivity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistivity
The reciprocal of thermal conductivity is thermal resistivity, measured in \(kelvin-metres\) per watt (\(K \cdot m/W\)).
quantitykind:ThermalTransmittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalTransmittance
Thermal transmittance is the rate of transfer of heat through matter. The thermal transmittance of a material (such as insulation or concrete) or an assembly (such as a wall or window) is expressed as a U-value. The concept of thermal transmittance is closely related to that of thermal resistance. The thermal resistance of a structure is the reciprocal of its thermal transmittance.
quantitykind:ThermalUtilizationFactor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor
The "Thermal Utilization Factor" in an infinite medium, is the ratio of the number of thermal absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, to the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.
quantitykind:ThermalUtilizationFactorForFission
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactorForFission
Probability that a neutron that gets absorbed does so in the fuel material.
quantitykind:ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
"Thermodynamic Critical Magnetic Flux Density" is the maximum magnetic field strength below which a material remains superconducting.
quantitykind:ThermodynamicEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicEnergy
quantitykind:ThermodynamicEntropy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicEntropy
Thermodynamic Entropy is a measure of the unavailability of a system’s energy to do work. It is a measure of the randomness of molecules in a system and is central to the second law of thermodynamics and the fundamental thermodynamic relation, which deal with physical processes and whether they occur spontaneously. The dimensions of entropy are energy divided by temperature, which is the same as the dimensions of Boltzmann's constant (\(kB\)) and heat capacity. The SI unit of entropy is \(joule\ per\ kelvin\). [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:ThermodynamicTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature
Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. In thermodynamics, in a system of which the entropy is considered as an independent externally controlled variable, absolute, or thermodynamic temperature is defined as the derivative of the internal energy with respect to the entropy. This is a base quantity in the International System of Quantities, ISQ, on which the International System of Units, SI, is based.
quantitykind:Thickness
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Thickness
"Thickness" is the the smallest of three dimensions: length, width, thickness.
quantitykind:ThomsonCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient
"Thomson Coefficient" represents Thomson heat power developed, divided by the electric current and the temperature difference.
quantitykind:Thrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Thrust
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's Second and Third Laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a proportional but opposite force on that system. The pushing or pulling force developed by an aircraft engine or a rocket engine. The force exerted in any direction by a fluid jet or by a powered screw, as, the thrust of an antitorque rotor. Specifically, in rocketry, \( F\,= m\cdot v\) where m is propellant mass flow and v is exhaust velocity relative to the vehicle. Also called momentum thrust.
quantitykind:ThrustCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThrustCoefficient
The thrust force of a jet-propulsion engine per unit of frontal area per unit of incompressible dynamic pressure
quantitykind:ThrustToMassRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThrustToMassRatio
quantitykind:ThrustToWeightRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThrustToWeightRatio
Thrust-to-weight ratio is a ratio of thrust to weight of a rocket, jet engine, propeller engine, or a vehicle propelled by such an engine. It is a dimensionless quantity and is an indicator of the performance of the engine or vehicle.
quantitykind:ThrusterPowerToThrustEfficiency
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThrusterPowerToThrustEfficiency
quantitykind:Time
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time
Time is a basic component of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.
quantitykind:TimeAveragedSoundIntensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TimeAveragedSoundIntensity
Sound intensity or acoustic intensity (\(I\)) is defined as the sound power \(P_a\) per unit area \(A\). The usual context is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.
quantitykind:TimeConstant_Inductance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TimeConstant_Inductance
quantitykind:TimeRelatedLogarithmicRatio
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TimeRelatedLogarithmicRatio
logarithm of the ratio of the value of a defined variable to the value of a reference variable of the same type, divided by the related time
quantitykind:TimeTemperature
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TimeTemperature
quantitykind:Torque
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque
In physics, a torque (\(\tau\)) is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis. The magnitude of a torque is defined as force times its lever arm. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist. The SI unit for torque is newton meters (\(N m\)). In U.S. customary units, it is measured in foot pounds (ft lbf) (also known as "pounds feet"). Mathematically, the torque on a particle (which has the position r in some reference frame) can be defined as the cross product: \(τ = r x F\) where, r is the particle's position vector relative to the fulcrum F is the force acting on the particles, or, more generally, torque can be defined as the rate of change of angular momentum: \(τ = dL/dt\) where, L is the angular momentum vector t stands for time.
quantitykind:TorqueConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TorqueConstant
product of magnetic induction, number of turns per unit length, and the area enclosed by the coil corresponding to the gradient of the curve representing the ratio between the torque of the motor and the current
quantitykind:TorquePerLength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TorquePerLength
quantitykind:TorsionalRigidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TorsionalRigidity
quantitykind:TorsionalSpringConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TorsionalSpringConstant
ratio between the turning moment for elastic deformation of a torsion spring and the related angle of rotation
quantitykind:TotalAngularMomentum
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum
"Total Angular Momentum" combines both the spin and orbital angular momentum of all particles and fields. In atomic and nuclear physics, orbital angular momentum is usually denoted by \(l\) or \(L\) instead of \(\Lambda\). The magnitude of \(J\) is quantized so that \(J^2 = \hbar^2 j(j + 1)\), where \(j\) is the total angular momentum quantum number.
quantitykind:TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
The "Total Angular Quantum Number" describes the magnitude of total angular momentum \(J\), where \(j\) refers to a specific particle and \(J\) is used for the whole system.
quantitykind:TotalAtomicStoppingPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAtomicStoppingPower
The "Total Atomic Stopping Power" for an ionizing particle passing through an element, is the particle's energy loss per atom within a unit area normal to the particle's path; equal to the linear energy transfer (energy loss per unit path length) divided by the number of atoms per unit volume.
quantitykind:TotalCrossSection
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection
"Total Cross-section" is related to the absorbance of the light intensity through Beer-Lambert's law. It is the sum of all cross-sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target particle.
quantitykind:TotalCurrent
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent
"Total Current" is the sum of the electric current that is flowing through a surface and the displacement current.
quantitykind:TotalCurrentDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity
"Total Current Density" is the sum of the electric current density and the displacement current density.
quantitykind:TotalIonization
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization
"Total Ionization" by a particle, total mean charge, divided by the elementary charge, \(e\), of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles.
quantitykind:TotalLinearStoppingPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower
The "Total Linear Stopping Power" is defined as the average energy loss of the particle per unit path length.
quantitykind:TotalMassStoppingPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower
If a substance is compared in gaseous and solid form, then the linear stopping powers of the two states are very different just because of the different density. One therefore often divides S(E) by the density of the material to obtain the "Mass Stopping Power". The mass stopping power then depends only very little on the density of the material.
quantitykind:TotalPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalPressure
The total pressure is the sum of the dynamic and static pressures, that is \(P_0 = P + q\).
quantitykind:TotalRadiance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalRadiance
ratio between the differential change in the energy fluence dΨ and the time interval dt: ψ = dΨ / dt; the total radiance is identical to the product of the particle flux density and the average energy of the particles
quantitykind:TouchThresholds
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TouchThresholds
"Touch Thresholds" are thresholds for touch, vibration and other stimuli to the skin.
quantitykind:TrafficIntensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TrafficIntensity
number of all simultaneously occupied units in a particular group of units
quantitykind:TransmissionRatioBetweenRotationAndTranslation
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TransmissionRatioBetweenRotationAndTranslation
relationship between rotational and longitudinal movements as a measure of how an angle is converted into a linear path
quantitykind:Transmittance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Transmittance
Transmittance is the fraction of incident light (electromagnetic radiation) at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.
quantitykind:TransmittanceDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TransmittanceDensity
Transmittance is the fraction of incident light (electromagnetic radiation) at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.
quantitykind:TrueExhaustVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TrueExhaustVelocity
quantitykind:Turbidity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. Turbidity in open water is often caused by phytoplankton and the measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality. The higher the turbidity, the higher the risk of the drinkers developing gastrointestinal diseases, especially for immune-compromised people, because contaminants like virus or bacteria can become attached to the suspended solid. The suspended solids interfere with water disinfection with chlorine because the particles act as shields for the virus and bacteria. Similarly suspended solids can protect bacteria from UV sterilisation of water. Fluids can contain suspended solid matter consisting of particles of many different sizes. While some suspended material will be large enough and heavy enough to settle rapidly to the bottom container if a liquid sample is left to stand (the settleable solids), very small particles will settle only very slowly or not at all if the sample is regularly agitated or the particles are colloidal. These small solid particles cause the liquid to appear turbid.
quantitykind:Turns
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Turns
"Turns" is the number of turns in a winding.
quantitykind:Unbalance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Unbalance
unsteady rotation of a body resulting from an anxious distribution of mass, expressed as the product of radius and related mass
quantitykind:Unknown
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Unknown
Placeholder value used for reference from units where it is not clear what a given unit is a measure of.
quantitykind:UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
"Upper Critical Magnetic Flux Density" for type II superconductors, is the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.
quantitykind:VaporPermeability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VaporPermeability
Vapour permeability, or "Breathability" in a building refers to the ease with which water vapour passes through building elements. Building elements where vapour permeability is poorly designed can result in condensation, leading to unhealthy living environments and degradation of fabric.
quantitykind:VaporPressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VaporPressure
A pressure that is the one exerted by a substance vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with either its solid or liquid phase at a given temperature in a closed system.
quantitykind:VehicleVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VehicleVelocity
quantitykind:Velocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity
In kinematics, velocity is the speed of an object and a specification of its direction of motion. Speed describes only how fast an object is moving, whereas velocity gives both how fast and in what direction the object is moving.
quantitykind:VentilationRatePerFloorArea
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VentilationRatePerFloorArea
Ventilation Rate is often expressed by the volumetric flowrate of outdoor air introduced to a building. However, ASHRAE now recommends ventilation rates dependent upon floor area.
quantitykind:VerticalVelocity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VerticalVelocity
The rate at which a body moves upwards at an angle of 90 degrees to the ground. It is the component of a projectile's velocity which is concerned with lifting the projectile.
quantitykind:VideoFrameRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VideoFrameRate
Frame rate (also known as frame frequency) is the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally well to computer graphics, video cameras, film cameras, and motion capture systems. Frame rate is most often expressed in frames per second (FPS) and is also expressed in progressive scan monitors as hertz (Hz).
quantitykind:Viscosity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In general terms it is the resistance of a liquid to flow, or its "thickness". Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. [Wikipedia]. In general conversation or in non-scientific contexts, if someone refers to the viscosity of a fluid, they're likely talking about its dynamic (or absolute) viscosity. However, in engineering or scientific contexts, it's essential to clarify which type of viscosity is being discussed, as the interpretation and use of the data may differ depending on whether one is talking about dynamic or kinematic viscosity.
quantitykind:VisibleRadiantEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VisibleRadiantEnergy
"Visible Radiant Energy", also known as luminous energy, is the energy of electromagnetic waves. It is energy of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received as radiation.
quantitykind:VisionThresholds
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VisionThresholds
"Vision Thresholds" is an abstract term to refer to a variety of measures for the thresholds of sensitivity of the eye.
quantitykind:Voltage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage
\(\textit{Voltage}\), also referred to as \(\textit{Electric Tension}\), is the difference between electrical potentials of two points. For an electric field within a medium, \(U_{ab} = - \int_{r_a}^{r_b} E . {dr}\), where \(E\) is electric field strength. For an irrotational electric field, the voltage is independent of the path between the two points \(a\) and \(b\).
quantitykind:VoltagePercentage
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePercentage
quantitykind:VoltagePhasor
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor
"Voltage Phasor" is a representation of voltage as a sinusoidal integral quantity using a complex quantity whose argument is equal to the initial phase and whose modulus is equal to the root-mean-square value. A phasor is a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids, where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
quantitykind:Volume
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume
The volume of a solid object is the three-dimensional concept of how much space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space.
quantitykind:VolumeDensityOfCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeDensityOfCharge
volume density of the electric charge Q present in a volume V
quantitykind:VolumeFlowRate
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate
Volumetric Flow Rate, (also known as volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time.
quantitykind:VolumeFlowRate_SurfaceRelated
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate_SurfaceRelated
quantitykind:VolumeFraction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction
"Volume Fraction" is the volume of a constituent divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture prior to mixing. Volume fraction is also called volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).
quantitykind:VolumeOrSectionModulus
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeOrSectionModulus
domain completely enclosed by a surface, which can be determined for Cartesian coordinates by integration according to the following equation: V = ∫∫∫ dx dy dz or for a homogeneous material, it is the ratio of the moment of inertia and the distance to any point on the neutral axis at which the stress is to be calculated
quantitykind:VolumePerUnitTime
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumePerUnitTime
quantitykind:VolumeStrain
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain
Volume, or volumetric, Strain, or dilatation (the relative variation of the volume) is the trace of the tensor \(\vartheta\).
quantitykind:VolumeThermalExpansion
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeThermalExpansion
When the temperature of a substance changes, the energy that is stored in the intermolecular bonds between atoms changes. When the stored energy increases, so does the length of the molecular bonds. As a result, solids typically expand in response to heating and contract on cooling; this dimensional response to temperature change is expressed by its coefficient of thermal expansion. Different coefficients of thermal expansion can be defined for a substance depending on whether the expansion is measured by: * linear thermal expansion * area thermal expansion * volumetric thermal expansion These characteristics are closely related. The volumetric thermal expansion coefficient can be defined for both liquids and solids. The linear thermal expansion can only be defined for solids, and is common in engineering applications. Some substances expand when cooled, such as freezing water, so they have negative thermal expansion coefficients. [Wikipedia]
quantitykind:VolumetricBitDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumetricBitDensity
quantitykind:VolumetricElectricCharge
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumetricElectricCharge
quantitykind:VolumetricEntityDensity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumetricEntityDensity
quantity whose value is inversely proportional to the volume value
quantitykind:VolumetricFlux
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumetricFlux
In fluid dynamics, the volumetric flux is the rate of volume flow across a unit area (m3·s−1·m−2).[Wikipedia]
quantitykind:VolumetricHeatCapacity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumetricHeatCapacity
\(\textit{Volumetric Heat Capacity (VHC)}\), also termed \(\textit{volume-specific heat capacity}\), describes the ability of a given volume of a substance to store internal energy while undergoing a given temperature change, but without undergoing a phase transition. It is different from specific heat capacity in that the VHC is a \(\textit{per unit volume}\) measure of the relationship between thermal energy and temperature of a material, while the specific heat is a \(\textit{per unit mass}\) measure (or occasionally per molar quantity of the material).
quantitykind:VolumetricOutputPower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumetricOutputPower
quantitykind:VolumicAmountOfSubstance
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumicAmountOfSubstance
quantity proportional to the number of single particles of a defined type present in a given sample, divided by the related volume of this sample
quantitykind:VolumicDataQuantity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumicDataQuantity
amount of data, which is usually dependent on the respective complexity of the information or its coding procedure, divided by the related volume
quantitykind:VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
\(\textit{Volumic Electromagnetic Energy}\), also known as the \(\textit{Electromagnetic Energy Density}\), is the energy associated with an electromagnetic field, per unit volume of the field.
quantitykind:VolumicOutput
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumicOutput
ratio released power divided by volume
quantitykind:Vorticity
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Vorticity
In the simplest sense, vorticity is the tendency for elements of a fluid to "spin." More formally, vorticity can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid. The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation C around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region. Mathematically, vorticity is a vector field and is defined as the curl of the velocity field.
quantitykind:WarmReceptorThreshold
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WarmReceptorThreshold
"Warm Receptor Threshold" is the threshold of warm-sensitive free nerve-ending.
quantitykind:WarpingConstant
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WarpingConstant
The "Warping Constant" is a measure for the warping constant or warping resistance of a cross section under torsional loading. It is usually measured in m⁶.
quantitykind:WarpingMoment
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WarpingMoment
The warping moment measure is a measure for the warping moment, which occurs in warping torsional analysis. It is usually measured in kNm².
quantitykind:WaterHorsepower
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WaterHorsepower
No pump can convert all of its mechanical power into water power. Mechanical power is lost in the pumping process due to friction losses and other physical losses. It is because of these losses that the horsepower going into the pump has to be greater than the water horsepower leaving the pump. The efficiency of any given pump is defined as the ratio of the water horsepower out of the pump compared to the mechanical horsepower into the pump.
quantitykind:WaterVaporDiffusionCoefficient
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WaterVaporDiffusionCoefficient
quantitykind:WaterVapourPermeability
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WaterVapourPermeability
mass of water vapour passing a surface divided by the area of this surface, the pressure difference, and the corresponding time
quantitykind:Wavelength
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength
For a monochromatic wave, "wavelength" is the distance between two successive points in a direction perpendicular to the wavefront where at a given instant the phase differs by \(2\pi\). The wavelength of a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. The SI unit of wavelength is the meter.
quantitykind:Wavenumber
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber
"Wavenumber" is the spatial frequency of a wave - the number of waves that exist over a specified distance. More formally, it is the reciprocal of the wavelength. It is also the magnitude of the wave vector. Light passing through different media keeps its frequency, but not its wavelength or wavenumber. The unit for wavenumber commonly used in spectroscopy is centimetre to power minus one, PER-CM, rather than metre to power minus one, PER-M.
quantitykind:WebTimeAveragePressure
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WebTimeAveragePressure
quantitykind:WebTimeAverageThrust
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WebTimeAverageThrust
Web Time Avg Thrust (Mlbf)
quantitykind:Weight
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight
The force with which a body is attracted toward an astronomical body. Or, the product of the mass of a body and the acceleration acting on a body. In a dynamic situation, the weight can be a multiple of that under resting conditions. Weight also varies on other planets in accordance with their gravity.
quantitykind:Width
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width
"Width" is the middle of three dimensions: length, width, thickness.
quantitykind:Work
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work
The net work is equal to the change in kinetic energy. This relationship is called the work-energy theorem: \(Wnet = K. E._f − K. E._o \), where \(K. E._f\) is the final kinetic energy and \(K. E._o\) is the original kinetic energy. Potential energy, also referred to as stored energy, is the ability of a system to do work due to its position or internal structure. Change in potential energy is equal to work. The potential energy equations can also be derived from the integral form of work, \(\Delta P. E. = W = \int F \cdot dx\).
quantitykind:WorkFunction
URI: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/WorkFunction
"Work Function" is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at a certain energy level. The minimum energy (usually measured in electronvolts) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point immediately outside the solid surface (or energy needed to move an electron from the Fermi level into vacuum).
vaem:GMD_QUDT-QUANTITY-KINDS-ALL
URI: http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/vaem#GMD_QUDT-QUANTITY-KINDS-ALL
Provides the set of all quantity kinds.